The founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland. A genealogical and biographical review from wills, deeds and church records

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( THE

FOUNEERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL

AND

HOWARD COUNTIES,
MARYLAND.

A Genealogical and Biographical Review from
wills, deeds and church records.

•^ ,

BY

J. D. WARFIELD, A. M.

Formerly Professor of English Literature in the Maryland Agricultural
College, genealogist and author of "The Warfields of Maryland."

KOHN & POLLOCK,

Publishers,

Baltimore, Md.

1905.

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COPYRIGHT

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FRONTISPIECE.

" At the beginning of this new century we are going to the garrets,
bringing out the portraits of our forefathers, brushing off the dust,— putting
them into new frames and handing them down to our children. Search the
records for their good deeds."

INTRODUCTION.

. have searched the record for their good deeds and have herein
ied them down to our children.

To master Maryland history we must know the biography of

s founders. That biography has never before been written. Boz-

.ns„n, McMahan, McSherry, Davis and Scharf, content to accept the

bitised opinions of contemporary partisans, have been lavish in their

criiticisms of our "Early Settlers."

/ At this distance from that crucial era, under our broad ideas of
t'bleration, it is difficult to judge the men and measures of an age of
l/Lmited privileges.

For the first time in all history an ideal government had been
organized in Maryland; a benevolent lord with knightly powers was
at its head.

An act of toleration had just been passed. It was the joint pro-
duct of liberal men of all faiths, but it was at a time when the mother
country was involved in religious controversies, which, of necessity,
were just as bitter here. Hence the act of toleration was for a season
obscured in Maryland; but its influence, once felt, continued to grow
until it became a leaven of enlightenment, ending finally in complete
revolution.

Having searched the record of our " Early Settlers," the histor-
k of to-day can see our early men as they were.
J Judging them by their records, herein brought to light for the
rst time, their interested descendants will endorse the sentiment of
1 young historian who has recently recorded:

" In no other place upon the American Continent is there to be
bund so good an example of a people, who, after a struggle of nearly
^ century and a half, made the transition from a monarchical gov-
ernment to a 'government of the people, for the people, by the
people,' as in Maryland."

(Mereness.)

Another Maryland historian, who has given us glances at some
of the founders herein recorded, in the face of the harsh criticisms
of his contemporaries, has left us this record:

"Between the morals of the past and those of the present, it
would be impossible to draw a full or fair contrast, but injustice in
this particular has certainly been. done to the memory of our ances-
tors. Without wishing to draw a veil over the sins of the past, or
excuse in the least its rudeness or its violence, I have no hesitation
in expressing the opinion for whatever it may be worth, that in the-
sincerity of their friendships, in the depth of their religious convic-
tions, in the strength of their domestic affections, and a general
reverence for things sacred, our forefathers far outshine the men of
this generation with all its pomp and pride of civilization."

(Davis.)

Chapter 1.

OUR EARLY SETTLERS.

All authorities pretty generally agree that our first Anne Arun-
del settlers came up from Virginia.

In 1620 Edward Bennett, a rich merchant of England, inter-
ested in Virginia trade, had organized a company consisting of his
nephews Richard Bennett, Robert Bennett, Thomas Ayres, Richard
and Thomas Wiseman, to send two hundred settlers to Virginia.

Many of those sent were murdered by the Indians in 1622.
Robert Bennett and John Howard were among the number.

Richard Bennett, in 1642, came over in person to revive the
company's efforts. He brought with him members of an Independ-
ent Church in England, who sought a more favorable field for build-
ing up their church.

Upon organizing in their new homes surrounding Edward Ben-
nett's plantation upon the Elizabeth river, in Nansemond County,
Philip Bennett, a nephew, was sent to Boston to secure ministers.
He carried with him a letter written by John Hill. Rev. William
Thompson, a graduate of Oxford, John Knowles, of Immanuel Col-
lege, Cambridge, and Thomas James were induced to come. Upon
their arrival in Virginia, they were coldly received by Governor
Berkeley and his chaplain, Rev. Thomas Harrison. Through the
Governor's influence, an act was passed by the Virginia legislature
forbidding any minister, who did not use the " Book of Common
Prayer," to officiate in the churches of Virginia.

The ministers from Boston soon retired from this unpromising
field, but to the disgust and surprise of the Governor, his own chap-
lain, Mr. Harrison, announced his determination to take up the work
just laid down.

The church had been built in 1638 upon "Sewell's Point," on
the Ehzabetii river. It was near Richard Bennett's two thousand
acre plantation. It has recently been selected as the site of our
coming JamestoVvU exposition.

HERE ARE SOME OF ITS RECORDS.

"At a meeting of the inhabitants of Lower Norfolk County,
May 25th, 1640, Mr. Henry Sewell and Lieutenant Francis Mason,
both of whom had been appointed by Governor Berkeley to hold
monthly courts, to induce Mr. Harrison to continue service at Sewells
Point, agreed to pay for themselves and the inhabitants of the parish
from Captain Willoughby's plantation to Daniel Tanner's Creek, the
sum of ;^32, Cornelius Lloyd, Henry Catlin and John Hill, agreed
to pay for themselves and the Western Branch, ^33. And Thomas
Meeres, John Gatear (Gaither) and John Watkins, agreed to pay ;^36

6 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

for themselves and the inhabitants of Daniel Tanners Creek." All
the members signed this agreement. From the Virginia Rent Rolls
we find other early settlers, who later came to Maryland.

There was a grant to John Chew, gentleman, of five hundred
acres, in the County of Charles River, due said Chew for the adven-
ture of himself and nine persons on July 6th, 1636. The record
shows that John Chew came to Virginia in 1622, and again in 1623.

John Gatear (Gaither) received 300 acres in Elizabeth City
County, a neck of land on the eastern branch of Elizabeth River.
Fifty acres of which were due him on his own personal adventure,
and 250 acres for the transportation of his wife Jane and five persons
in 1636. He received 200 acres more on the south of Elizabeth
River for the transportation of four persons, the names not given.

Cornelius Lloyd received 800 acres in the County of Elizabeth
River, due him for the transportation of sixteen persons in 1665.
He was also one of the London merchants who received 8,000 acres
in Berkeley Hundred in 1636.

Richard Preston was a justice of Nansemond County, in 1636.

William Ayres secured a plantation on Nansemond River for
transporting five persons. Ann Ayres, wife of Samuel Chew, was
his sole heiress.

Thomas Meeres held 300 acres in the Upper County of New
Norfolk in 1644-5-6-7; he was a justice in 1645, and a church-
warden. There is a record which states "that Edward Lloyd was
acting for Thomas Meeres, of Providence, Maryland, in 1645."

Thomas Davis held 300 acres in the LTpper County of New
Norfolk on the south side of Elizabeth River, five or six miles up,
due him for transporting six persons on May, 1637. He was a jus-
tice of Nansemond, 1654.

In 1648, the vestry of Elizabeth River Church were Francis
Mason, John Hill, Cornelius Lloyd, Henry Catlin. The following
order was then passed: "And the sheriff is desired to give notice
and summon John Norwood to appear before said vestry to account
for the profits of the "Glebe Land' ever since Parson Llarrison hath
deserted his ministerial office and denied to administer ye sacre-
ments with those of the Church of England." That was Captain
John Norwood, the first sheriff of Anne Arundel.

Mr. Thomas Browne became a member of the vestry in 1648,
and John Hill and William Crouch were elected wardens.

Wm. Durand having been banished in 1648, Thomas Marsh was
ordered to pay the tax upon Durand's property.

The vestry in 1649 consisting of Thomas Browne, John Hill,
Cornelius Lloyd, Henry Catlin, em.ployed Mr. Sampson Calvert as
minister. Mr. James Warner was church warden. He came to
Maryland.

At the County Court of 1649, (the same year these parties left
for Maryland), the following record reads: "Whereas, Mr. Edward
Lloyd and Mr. Thomas Meeres, commissioners, with Edward Selby,
Richard Day, Richard Owens, Thomas Marsh, George Kemp and

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 7

John Norwood were presented to ye board by the sheriff, for sedi-
tious sectuaries for not repairing to their church, and for refusing
to hear common prayer — hberty is granted till October next, to in-
form their judgements, and to conform themselves to the established
law."

Before that probation had expired all of the above were in Mary-
land. Edward Lloyd was both burgess and justice of Lower Nor-
folk, There is a deed on record from Francis Watkins, late wife
of John Watkins, of Virginia, then wife of Edward Lloyd, in which
she surrendered her dower to Edward Lloyd in consideration for his
payment of a certain sum to her son, John Watkins. This agree-
ment was carried out by Edward Lloyd when commander of the
Severn. He surveyed a tract for his "son-in-law," (stepson) "John
Watkins."

Edward and Cornelius Lloyd were near neighbors in Virginia, y'
in 1635, of Matthew Howard and Ann, his wife. The latter named
his son Cornelius in honor of Colonel Cornelius Lloyd.

Two more prominent Virginia officials, Colonel Obedience Robins
and his brother, Edward Robins, sent representatives to Maryland.
The former was the brother-in-law of Captain George Puddington.
The latter was the father-in-law of Colonel William Burgess and
Richard Beard, all settlers of South River, Maryland, in 1650.

Mr. Harrison's persistence had increased the independent church
in Virginia to a membership of one hundred and eighteen, and when
the order of banishment was issued, we have Mr. Harrison's state-
ment that he and Elder William Durand left Virginia because they
were ordered to go. This statement was supported by the record
that "the lands of William Durand in Virginia were confiscated be-
cause of his banishment." At this crisis in Virginia a protestant
Virginian had just been appointed Governor of Maryland. Gover-
nor Wm. Stone knew many of the independent exiles, and having
promised Lord Baltimore to bring to his new province a large number
of settlers, he naturally sought an interview with them.

Calvert's previous attempts to induce immigrants from Eng-
land had not been successful.

He had even wTitten a letter to Captain Gibbons, of Boston,
offering land to any people of Massachusetts, who would transport
themselves to his province; but "the Captain had no mind to fur-
ther his desire, nor had any of our people temptation that way."

Governor Stone sought out William Durand. The evidence is
the following records.

"Captain Wm. Stone, of Hungers Creek on eastern shore of
Virginia, was born in Northamptonshire, England in 1603. He was
the nephew of Thomas Stone, a haberdasher of London.

"In 1648 he conducted the negotiation for the removal of a
party of non-conformists from Virginia to Maryland; and in August
of that year Lord Baltimore commissioned him governor of that
colony.

8 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

'' William Durand, in 1648, came to Maryland with his wife,
his daughter Elizabeth, and four other children, two freemen, Pell
and Archer, and servants, Thomas Marsh, Margaret Marsh, William
Warren, Wm. Hogg and Ann Coles." This is what our " Rent Rolls"
show upon his coming: "William Durand demanded 800 acres of
land for transporting himself, two male servants, one female ser-
vant, and two freemen into the province in 1648."

The grant was located in "Durands' Place," on the north side
of the Severn.

Richard Bennett, the same year, took another grant of 250
acres, to be divided into small lots for a number of settlers who wished
to be close together. This was located at "Towne Neck," a point
now known as "Greenberry Point."

The}^ then returned to Virginia, with the terms upon which
their followers could obtain homes in Maryland. John Hammond,
the historian, thus records that agreement.

"Upon the express assurance that there would be a modifica-
tion of the oaths of the office and fidelity, an enjoyment of liberty
of conscience, and the privilege of choice in officers, the Virginia
Non-Conformists agreed to remove to the banks of the Severn."

Hammond was a strong advocate of Governor Stone's admin-
istration. Other historians differ as to the exact promises made at
that interview, but our "Rent Rolls" undoubtedly show that Gov-
ernor Stone and Lord Baltimore were both anxious to have settlers
upon the modified terms offered in the "Condition of Plantation"
of 1648.

Hammond declares, "Maryland was considered by the Puritans
as a refuge. The lord proprietor and his governor solicited, and
several addresses made for their admittance and entertainment into
that province, under the conditions that they should have conven-
ient portions of land assigned, the liberty of conscience and privilege
to choose their own officers."

"After their arrival," continues Hammond, "an assembly was
called throughout the whole county, consisting as well of themselves
as the rest, and because there were some few papists that first in-
habited, these themselves, and others, being different judgements,
an act was passed that all professing Jesus Christ should have equal
justice." And, "At the request of the Virginia Puritans," the oath
of fidelity was overhauled and this clause added to it : " Provided
it infringe not the liberty of conscience."

This was confirmed in 1650.

In confirmation of Hammond's statement, our "Rent Rolls"-
show that Edward Lloyd, in 1649, was granted a permit to lay out
one thousand acres on the western side of the Chesapeake Bay to
the northward of the Patuxent River, and a small creek, about the
middle of "The Cliffs,' adjoining the lands of Richard Owens, there
and to the northward of the Patuxent, not formally taken up yet."

He was so desirable an immigrant that he easily secured another
grant of 570 acres on the north side of the Severn, just opposite

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 9

Annapolis. There he seated himself and was soon surrounded by
many neighbors. Colonel William Burgess, that same year, brought
up his colony to South River.

As there has been considerable discussion upon the exact loca-
tion of the first settlement of the Severn, I will give the best light
that comes from our Record Office. Read this grant of 1654.

" Cecilius, Absolute Lord and Proprietary of the Province of
Maryland. To all persons to whom these presents come, greeting:
Whereas, Wilham Pell, George Saphir, Robert Rockhould, William
Penny, Christopher Oatley, Oliver Sprye, John Lordking, and Richard
Bennett, Esq., did in the 1649 and 1650, transport themselves into this
province, here to inhabit and for their mutual security, did several
small parcels of land then take upon a place called the " Towne Neck,"
to the intent they might seat close together, and whereas, the said
several parcels are since by law^ful purchase from the said (persons
named), become the sole right of the said Richard Bennett, and
whereas, the said Richard Bennett hath since alienated, and for a
valuable consideration, sould the said several parcels unto our trusty
and well beloved counselor, Nathaniel Utie, Esq. Now know ye,
that we hereby grant unto said Nathaniel Utie all that parcel called
Towne Neck, on the west side of Chesapeak Bay, and on the east
side of Anne Arundel River, now again surveyed to the said Nathan-
iel Utie, beginning at Towne Creek, and running for breath northeast
140 perches, to a creek called Ferry Creeke, bounding on the east
by a line drawn south, for length by the said creeke and bay 320
perches; on the south by a line drawn west from the end of the
south line 110 perches, unto Anne Arundel River; on the west by
a line drawn north from the end of the west line unto the marked
line; on the north by the first northeast line — containing 250 acres,"
(There is no evidence from our " Rent Rolls" that any of these people
w'ere ever seated at "Towne Neck.")

Nathaniel Utie held this Towne Neck from 1654 to 1661, w^hen
he sold it to Wm. Pennington, who, that same year, sold it to Ralph
Williams, of Bristol, England. It descended to his daughters, Mrs.
Elizabeth Moiling and Mrs. Rebecca Barber, who sold the same to
Edward Perrin, of Bristol, England. It was then transferred to
Edward Deaver and finally to Colonel Nicholas Greenberry, who did
not come over until 1674. It was not secured by him until 1685.
It then became known as "Greenberry Point." The deeds of trans-
fers cover some thirty pages, and the time of transfers some thirty
years.

Adjoining "Towne Neck," on the west, extensive tracts were
raken up and held, as our "Rent Rolls" show.

Edward Lloyd, in 1650, had laid out 570 acres on the north
side of the Severn, adjoining " Harrards' Line," (this may have been
Howards), running with the river for a length of fifty-five perches.

In 1659, he also took up "Pendenny," upon which stands, to-
day, the house of Captain John Worthington, now^ held by the late
Mr. R. Tilghman Price's family, just opposite the Naval Academy.

10 Founders of Anne Arundel and Hoavard Counties.

There are many evidences in the old foundation rehcs at " Pen-
denny Heights," to show that here dwelt Edward Lloyd, when in
1650, Governor Stone and his secretary, Nathaniel Utie, came up
to the Severn and organized the new settlement.

By Governor Stone's appointment, Edward Lloyd was made
commander of Providence, a title kindred to that of deputy-gover-
nor; with power to name his own Council, who, with him, were
empowered to grant certificates of surveys of lands, organize courts,
and direct that settlement.

Edward Lloyd's commissioners were James Homewood, Thomas
Meeres, Thomas Marsh, George Puddington, Matthew Hawkins,
James Merryman, and Henry Catlyn.

He built his home on the north side of the Severn, in the neck,,
just opposite the city of Annapolis; Henry Catlyn and James Merry-
man were his immediate neighbors.

These two settlers did not long remain. Their combined es-
tates were later embraced in the Greenberry and Worthington sur-
veys, now held by Messrs. R. Tilghman Brice and Charles E. Remson.

James Homewood and Matthew Hawkins were upon the Magothy
River; George Puddington was upon South River; Thomas Marsh
and Thomas Meeres were first upon Herring Creek, but later resided
on the Severn.

Edward Lloyd's house was the Council Chamber. His immedi-
ate neighbors were William Crouch, on the Severn; Richard Young,
on the Magothy; Ralph Hawkins, of the Magothy; Richard Ewen,
of the Magothy; William Hopkins, Thomas Browne, John Browne,
Henry Catlyn, John Clarke were all near the Commander upon
North Severn.

George Goldsmith and Nfiihaniel Proctor held lands adjoining
Lloyd's " Swan Neck," upon the bay.

Captain William Fuller located on "Fuller's Survey," which is
now known as "White Hall." Leonard Strong, the first historian
of the Anne Arundel settlers, and his daughter Elizabeth, held 800
acres adjoining Captain Fuller.

Thomas Meeres adjoined them, holding 500 acres. This North
Severn settlement was "Broad Neck," and included Colonel Green-
berry's "Towne Neck."

Rev. Ethan Allen, in his historical notes of St. Annes, records:
"There was a meeting house at Towne Neck; there is still to be
seen the place where the chapel and burying ground was. Among
the ruins is a massive slab with this inscription: ' Here lies interred
the body of Mr. Roger Newman, merchant, born at London, M^ho
dwelt at Palip, in Talbot, in Maryland, twenty-five 3^ears, and de-
parted this life the 14th of May, 1704.

"There was at this time a dissenting minister, a Mr. Davis, in
the neighborhood."

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 11

MIDDLE NECK HUNDRED.

In 1650, there were three known settlers on the site of Annapolis,
as the following grant to Thomas Todd, the shipwright, shows.
" Laid out for Thomas Todd 100 acres, commencing at Oj^ster Shell
Point, running up the river northwest 160 perches to Deep Cove,
bounding on said creek 140 perches to a marked hne; on the west
unto the bounds of Richard Acton's land at a marked oak; on the
south with a line drawn northwest by north unto the bounds of
Thomas Hall's land, being a marked poplar; and with the same for
thirty-five perches. Then from the end of a former line unto a creek
called Todd's Creek; on the east with said river; containing one
hundred acres."

One more surveyor, destined to be better known in history, was
Robert Proctor, who took up "Proctor's Chance," in 1679, at a
beginning tree of "Intact," on the west side of the Severn River.
This tract became "Proctor's Landing," and was his residence in
1681, when he then designated his place as "town." Major Dorsey
was there and had built a row of houses on "Bloombury Square,"
near the present new post-office., He also held houses and lots on
High Street, which his widow, Margaret Israel, sold to William
Bladen, in 1706.

Another survey of Todd's tract seems to locate a town there
in 1651. It reads: "bounding on Thomas Hall's land and on
Todd's Creek, beginning at ye northeast point of "Town" and ex-
tending along the river to 3'e first creek to ye west and then with
back lines to ye beginning." "Todd's Range" extended along the
south side of the Severn, west to the head of Dorsey's Creek.

The south-side settlers followed the Severn back to Round Bay.
They were James Horner, who held "Locust Neck"; Peter Porter
at "Bustions Point," adjoining James Warner.

Captain John Norwood held 200 acres of "Norwood's Fancy,"
adjoining Thos. Meeres.

Nicholas Wyatt surveyed "Wyatt's Harbor" and "Wyatts'
Hills," upon which " Belvoir" now stands, just south of, and in sight
of Round Bay. Adjoining it was Thomas Gates, upon "Dorsey's
Creek," near "Dorsey," taken up by the first Edward Dorsey, in
partnership with Captain John Norwood.

James Warner and John Freeman were both near by; William
Galloway and Thomas Browne were further west, but touching upon
Round Bay.

Lawrence Richardson and the first Matthew Howard surveyed
also near Round Bay.

John Collier was on "Todd's Creek," near the present site of
Annapolis.

The Middle Neck settlers along the bay, north of South River,
were Philip Thomas, of "Thomas Point; " Captain William Fuller,
Leonard Strong, Thomas Meeres, Thomas Tollej' and WilHam James.

13 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Upon their surveys stand, to-day, Bay Ridge and Arundel-on-
the-Bay.

At the head of South River on the north side,, were John Bald-
win, James Warner and Henry Ridgely.

SOUTH RIVER HUNDRED.

In 1650, Colonel William Burgess, the merchant whose vessels
brought 150 settlers, was the central figure around whom settled a
band of large land-holders.

Joseph Morely held "Morely's Grove."

John Freeman, son-in-law and heir of Joseph Morely, took up
at the head of South River, " Freeman's Fancy," " Freeman's Stone,"
" Freeman's Landing." Adjoining him were John Gaither and Robert
Proctor, both heirs of Joseph Morely. They were surveyors of " Ab-
bington," and final heirs of Freeman's and Morely's lands.

Mareen Duval, the Huguenot immigrant from Nantes, France,
held a large estate around South River, viz: "Middle Plantation"
and "Great Marsh." He came with Colonel William Burgess.

Captain George Puddington surveyed "Puddington Harbor,"
and "West Puddington." Richard Beard, brother-in-law of Colonel
William Burgess, held "Beard's Habitation" on "Beard's Creek,"
near the site of Londontown. Neal Clarke, related to both Pud-
dington and Beard, was an adjoining neighbor near the head of
South River.

Thos. Besson, the younger, adjoined Colonel William Burgess
on the south side of South River. Ellis Brown was on the south
side, near Edward Selbys. Captain John Welsh held lands first
upon South River and afterwards on the Severn.

RHODE RIVER HUNDRED.

Robert Harwood took up "Harwood," in 1657, which later des-
cended to Abel Browne. Walter Mansfield adjoined him. Captain
Thomas Besson settled on the west side. His neighbors were Thomas
Sparrow, George Nettlefield, John Brewer, Edward Townhill and
Colonel Nicholas Gassaway, son-in-law of Captain Thomas Besson,
Sr. Captain Thomas Francis "The Ranger," was another large
land-holder of Rhode River.

THE WEST RIVER HUNDRED.

Roger Grosse, the popular representative, whose widow married
Major John Welsh, held a large estate upon West River. His neigh-
bors were Thomas Miles, John Watkins, Hugh and Emanuel Drew,
Richard Talbott, John Browne and John Clarke. Still later th
West River meeting-house of Quakers attracted a large settlemen
of leading Quakers, among whom were the Galloways.

FOUXDEES OF AXNE ArUXDEL AND HOWARD COUNTIES. 13

HERRING CREEK HUNDRED.

Samuel Chew laid out Herrington.

Thomas Marsh took up lands on the west side of Herring Creek,
beginning at Parker's Branch, and running to Selby's Cove; he also
held a thousand acres adjoining Richard Bennett, running up the
bay. He held a tract adjoining John Norwood, running down the
bay, 600 acres more. He gave the name to Marshe's Creek, so dif-
ficult to locate in the division of the two counties. Edward Selby held
lands on Selby's Cove, adjoining Thomas Marsh. He also ad-
joined Thomas Meeres on the west side of South River, next to
John Watkins; in all some 1000 acres. William Parker adjoined
Thomas Marsh on Herring Creek, and also, Richard Bennett, Samp-
son Warring, and Thomas Davis on the bay, holding 1200 acres.
William Durand adjoined Edward Selby, running down the bay;
John Covell adjoined William Durand; Thomas Emerson adjoined
William Parker; Captain Edward Carter, near Herring Creek, ad-
joined William Ayers, whose lands were assigned him by Thomas
Marsh. Richard Ewen adjoined Richard Bennett and Richard Tal-
bott, on Herring Creek. Richard Wells, Chirurgeon, was on the
west side of Herring Bay, adjoining Stockett's Creek, holding 600
arces. The three Stockett brothers were on Stockett's Run; they
did not come from Virginia. Back on the Patuxent, Colonel Rich-
ard Preston held 500 acres, and built a house which still stands; it
is the oldest house in Maryland. He was an important man, in
both Maryland and Virginia. Commander Robert Brooke, with his
body guard of forty, was still below on the Patuxent, holding at
first a whole county. Richard Bennett held thousands of acres at
Herring Creek, and later as many more upon the Eastern Shore.

From these surveys, running form 100 to 1000 acres, we get a
list of the most prominent settlers in 1649-50. The leaders took up
land in several sections. The largest land-holders were in the south-
ern section, where the soil was remarkably rich.

As soon as these settlers were well-seated, Governor Stone by
proclamation, called a legislature in which he used these words:
"and for the Puri — to give them particular notice." This referred
to the settlers just enumerated; the term "Puritan" was then a
reproach, and from policy perhaps, Governor Stone left the word
incomplete. About the time for assemblying the legislature, Gover-
.nor Stone paid a visit to these settlers; he succeeded in getting a
representation. Upon his return he made this report: "By the
Lieutenant of Maryland, The Freemen of that part of this province
now called Providence, being by my appointment duly summoned
to this present assembly, did imanimously make choice of Mr. George
Puddington and Mr. James Cox for their burgesses, I being there
in person at that time." Upon the organization of the assembly,
a high compliment was paid to that settlement, in the election of
Mr. James Cox speaker of the house. There were fourteen mem-
bers, eight of whom were Protestants who threw their influence to

14 Founders op Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Mr. Cox for speaker. The assembly passed an order that the gover-
nor issue writs to summon three or four inhabitants of Anne Arundel,
to meet him and the council, to consider what is necessary to be
added to the levies of this year, besides those already brought in
by the committee. An act was passed for fixing surveyors' charges
at one pound of tobacco per acre; if above 100 are surveyed, then
one-half pound per acre be charged. The expenses for the assembly
to be levied from Anne Arundel County, in 1650, were:

To Mr. Puddington and Mr. James Cox, for

37 days, apiece at 50 pounds per day . . .3,700 pounds

Boate, hand and wages 600 pounds

4,300 pounds

An order was passed providing for a march upon the Indians
for murdering an English inhabitant in Anne Arundel — to press
men to make war. The charge of such war to be laid by an equal
assessment on the person and estate of the inhabitants of the prov-
ince. An order was passed for a levy of half a bushel of corn per
poll upon every freeman in Anne Arundel, to be disposed of by the
governor as he shall see fit. During that session, was passed an
act for erecting Providence into a county by the name of Anne
Arundel. This was the first and almost only legislative provision
for erecting any county in the province. It's name was in honor
of Lady Anne Arundel, daughter of Lord Arundel, of Wardour,
wife of Cecilius Lord Baltimore. Induced by the murder of some
English in that section, an act was passed prohibiting Indians from
coming into the new county of Anne Arundel. The last important
act of the session of 1650, was the oath of fidelity to Lord Baltimore.

The Protestants were in the majority in the assembly, yet they
joined Governor Stone in his declaration setting forth that they
enjoyed fitting freedom of conscience in Lord Baltimore's province.
This act was signed by speaker Cox, George Puddington and even
by William Durand, the Virginia elder who attested Leonard Strong's
pamphlet. This Protestant assembly enacted that an oath of fidel-
ity should be taken. John Langford recorded the following: "No
one was banished under that law for refusing to take it." Up to
this period it was evident that a judicial administration of gov-
ermental affairs had, to a certain extent, conciliated the cautious
non-conformist element, which had looked with suspicion upon the
oath of fidelity

Let us now look at the government to which these people had
just come. Cecilius Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore, held by
charter rights, a territory with almost unrestricted privileges. All
office, title, honor were in his hands; head of the church, of the mili-
tary, executive and judicial powers, he could control all legislative
acts. Yet the charter granted him secured to the people of Mary-
land "all the privileges, franchises and liberties" which other Eng-
lish subjects enjoyed.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 15

Granted by a king who held to "the divine right"; modeled
after the established institutions of an absolute monarch, William,
the Norman, the charter of Maryland, though giving a long list of
sovereign rights which made the lord proprietor absolute in his do-
main, contained three words above quoted, which, viewed under the
light of the Magna Charta and the English Bill of Rights, were des-
tined to put the people in control of the province even upon the
Charta basis.

The ruling motive of the more influential settlers in Maryland,
was a desire for greater political and religious liberty.

Others of the more restless nature were attracted by the easy
and favorable terms on which land was offered.

Both classes were opposed to the extensive sovereign rights
granted the lord proprietary, and were only brought into subjection
by concessions to prevent uprisings. Back of these storm signals
serious trouble had already threatened the proprietary of Maryland.
William Clayborne, of a distinguished English family, a man of
marked ability, had made a prior claim to the very territory over
which Cecilius Calvert was now lord. Further than this, a war was
at hand in the mother country between the king and parliament.

There were, in Maryland, influential settlers ready then to take
the side of parliament; and when, at last, the parliamentary forces
were victorious, and King Charles had been sacrificed in the triumph
of popular rights over "divine right," the contest was to be fought
out in the province of Maryland.

Parliament had declared it to be treason for any one to acknowl-
edge Charles, the son, king, yet in the face of that declaration,
Governor Green, acting for Governor Stone, had already acknow-
ledged Charles, the Second, "the rightful heir of all his father's
dominions." This unfortunate proclamation, not intended by the
Lord Proprietary, gave much trouble in Maryland, ending finally in
its reduction.

LEGISLATURE OF 1651.

Governor Stone called an assembly in 1651; to this the people
of Anne Arundel sent no delegates. News had reached them that
Parliament had, in 1650, passed an ordinance for the reduction of
Lord Baltimore's province. Instead of sending delegates to the
assembly of 1651, Commander Lloyd sent a message explaining the
reason for not answering the call. That message, when forwarded
to Lord Baltimore in England, gave offence.

Though not a matter of record, its tenor may be seen in the
following proclamation of Lord Baltimore.

"To Governor Wm. Stone, and the Upper and Lower kouses,
and all the other officers and inhabitants of the Province:

Greeting: — We can but much wonder at a message which we
understand has lately been sent by one Mr. Lloyd from some lately
seated at Anne Arundel, to our general assembly at St. Maries, in

16 Founders of i^NNE Arundel and Howard Counties,

March last; but are unwilling to impute either to the sender or
deliverer thereof, so malign a sense of ingratitude as it may seem
to bear, conceiving rather that it proceeded from some apprehen-
sion in them at that time grounded upon some reports of a dissolu-
tion or resignation of our patent and right to that province, which
might, perhaps, for the present, make them doubtful what to do
till they had more certain intelligence thereof." Thus in a very
temperate, conciliatory spirit, he continued to review the necessity
for all settlers to conform to the rules and usages already estab-
lished, urging that a government, divided in itself, must needs
bring confusion and misery upon all. "If such divisions continue,
which God forbid, then we must use our authority to compel all
factious spirits to a better compliance with the lawful government;
requiring you, our said lieutenant, to proceed against such disturbers,
and, if continued after admunition, then to be declared enemies to
the public peace.

"And, whereas, we understand that in the late rebellion of 1644,
most of the records of that province being then lost, or embezzled,
no enrollment remains now of divers patents of land formerly granted
by us, we therefore require you to issue a proclamation requiring
all persons within a certain time therein fixed, to produce to our
surveyor-general, or his deputy, all such patents by which they
claim land in our province; and to require our secretary to give
you a list of all such patents now on record, and to require all such
persons as claim land to cause them to be enrolled in our secretary's
office within some convenient time, to be limited by you. And,
whereas, by the third article of our last "Conditions of Plantation,"
dated 1649, there is allowed one hundred acres to every adventurer,
or planter, for every person of British or Irish descent, transported
thither, we understand that it may be prejudicial to the general
good of the colony, in case so great allowance shall be long continued,
causing the people to be too remote from each other; inasmuch as
a few persons may take up large tracts, leaving but little opportu-
nity for others to come, therefore, we proclaim that, after the 20th
day of June, 1652, only fifty acres shall be assigned, instead of one
hundred acres.

"The proportionate rents and oath of fidehty to stand as
already expressed, in 1650." Dated 1651.

Following that proclamation. Governor Stone issued his call for
all settlers to come forward and demand grants. As the returns
from Commander Lloyd, of Anne Arundel, and Robert Vaughan,
of Kent Island, were both unsatisfactory, their commissions to issue
land grants were revoked.

The year 1651 ended without much change in the condition of
the settlers. Parliament, however, had determined to take in hand
the struggling provinces of Virginia and Maryland. Commissioners
were appointed to take control. Virginia readily acquiesced and
soon after, in 1652, the Virginia commissioners came to Maryland
to subdue it.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 17

Mr. John Langford states, "that Richard Bennett, who was
active in procuring preachers from Boston for the Puritans of Vir-
ginia, was one of those, who, when driven out of Virginia, came
and settled in Providence." Bennett, however, still retained his
residence in Virginia when appointed one of the commissioners for
the reduction of Maryland. In his proclamation he proposed, "that
the settlers should all remain in their places, but only conform to
the laws of the commonwealth of England, and not infringe the
Lord Baltimore's just rights. That all the inhabitants, including
the governor and council, should subscribe the test called 'the
engagement.' "

Governor Stone and the rest of the officers readily assented to
a portion of the requirements, but having refused to accept the
proposition "that all writs should be issued in the name of 'The
Keepers of the Liberty of England,' "commissioners Bennett and
Claiborne demanded Stone's commission from Lord Baltimore.
This they detained, and dismissing him, appointed other officers.
Issuing their proclamation that all writs, warrants and other pro-
cesses be made in the name of the Keepers of the Liberty of Eng-
land, by authority of parliament, they named the following commis-
sioners, one or more of whom should sign them, viz: Robert Brooke, /
Colonel Francis Yardley, Mr. Job. Chandler, Captain Edmund Winder, |
Colonel Richard Preston and Lieutenant Richard Banks. These
were authorized to take in hand the government of the province.
The acts of Governor Stone and his council were declared null and
void.

All the records were then ordered to be placed into the hands
of the above council, at Richard Preston's, where the proceedings
were to be held.

Lord Baltimore's power was thus quietly obliterated. The
commissioners returned to Virginia, where Bennett became gover-
nor, and Claiborne, secretary of state.

Robert Brooke was now head of the province. He was not "■
one of the Virginia settlers, but came with his household of forty
persons direct from England, bearing in his pocket the following
grant from the proprietor, then in London.

"We appoint him, the said Robert Brooke, to be commander
under us, and our lieutenant of our whole county, to be newly set
forth next adjoining the place he shall so settle and plant in, giving
him all the perquisites of a coimty commander, with power to ap-
point six or more inhabitants to advise with him."

The county thus set off was the present county of Calvert, but
then named Charles County.

The location of Robert Brooke, was first at "Dela Brooke,"
but still later at " Brooke Place," upon Battle Creek, about forty
miles from the mouth of the Patuxent. Two years from his land-
ing he, too, was acting with opposing settlers. Governor Bennett
and Secretary Claiborne, of Virginia, soon returned to Maryland to
watch the progress of their revolution. Knowing that Governor

18 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties,

Stone was popular with the people, they sought him and offered
the office of governor, which Stone accepted under certain conditions.

Thomas Hatton, his late secretary, was also accepted, who,
with Robert Brooke, Captain John Price, Job. Chandler, Colonel
Francis Yardley, Colonel Richard Preston, were declared the gover-
nor's council. Colonel Claiborne renewed his claim to Kent Island.
Governor Stone next issued a commission to Captain William Fuller,
purporting to be in the name of "The Keepers of the Liberty of
England," as commander-in-chief under him of all forces for a speedy
march against the Eastern Shore Indians, giving him full power to
levy forces in Anne Arundel County. The people of Anne Arundel
were not in favor of going against the Eastern Shore Indians. Their
reasons were given in Commander Fuller's letter to Governor Stone.
" Sir, I find the inhabitants of these parts wholly disaffected, not to
the thing, but the time of year, on account of a want of vessels and
the frozen waters."

In 1652, Governor Stone issued his proclamation that inform-
ation from Captain William Fuller of the want of soldiers, apparel
and the unseasonable time induced him to relinquish the move-
ment and discharge the forces raised." In the meantime, an im-
portant treaty was that year made "at the River of Severn" with
the Susquehannock Indians, by which Richard Bennett, Edward
Lloyd, Thomas Marsh, William Fuller and Leonard Strong, com-
missioners upon the part of the English settlers, had secured all
the land lying on the west side of the Chesapeak Bay, from the
Patuxent River unto Palmer's Island, which island was recorded as
belonging to William Claiborne, along with the Isle of Kent. That
treaty was pointedly indicative that the two chief owners of the
land of the Province, were by those commissioners, considered to
be the Susquehannock Indians, and Captain William Claiborne, of
Virginia. This treaty was made under the big popular on College
Green. These men preferred to secure their rights and protection
by means of a treaty rather than through the hazards of war.

This act showed wisdom in an age when might generally secured
right. That treaty also shows the cause of their delay in taking
up grants from the proprietary. They were already seated upon
lands which their Commander Edward Lloyd, had been authorized
to have surveyed for them. The claim to the province was known
to be in dispute. Parliament was in control in England, and they
were more in sympathy with the parliamentary leaders than with
the faith and requirements of the proprietary. They saw the coming
conflict and awaited its results, believing that the final issues would
be more favorable to them.

These are the unwritten reasons that actuated the settlers of
Anne Arundel. Whether they were right or wrong, the history of
succeeding events showed that their judgment was well founded,
for even though the proprietary held his patent under Cromwell, his
son and successor was destined to lose it, by rebellions still more
active.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 19

We come now to a clash of arms for the mastery of contending
claims. Leonard Strong, the settler's historian, and John Langford,
the historian of Lord Baltimore, in their respective publications,
give us some contemporary records of that contest. Strong's pam-
phlet was "Babylon's Fall", and Langford's was " A Refutation of
Babylon's Fall."

Strong declared that John Langford, and not Governor Stone,
had invited them to come. "They were received and protected,
but an oath to Lord Baltimore was urged upon them soon after
their coming up from Virginia, which, if they did not take, they
must have no land or abiding place in the Province." This was the
oath of fidelity attached to the "Conditions of Plantation," issued
by the proprietary in 1648. Strong further adds, "That they must
swear to uphold that government and those officers who were sworn
to countenance and uphold the Roman Catholic Church."

John Langford in answer wrote, in 1655: "That there was
nothing promised by m}^ lord or Captain Stone to them, but what
was performed. Thej'^ were first acquainted by Captain Stone be-
fore they came there, with that oath of fidelity, which was to be
taken by those who would have any land there from his lordship.
That the terms were well known, and they were not forced to come
or stay. He denied that the oath "was to uphold the Roman
Catholic Church," but urged that the officers were Protestants, and
that the oath of fidelity bound no man to maintain any other juris-
diction of my lord's than what is granted in the patent. He boldly
charged Mr. Strong's people with a desire " to exercise more absolute
dominion than mj^ Lord Baltimore ever did. Not content to enjoy,
as they did, freedom of conscience for themselves, they were anxious
for the liberty to debar others from like freedom."

The next witnesses are the settlers themselves, under their own
names, in 1653, in formal and dignified appeal, as follows:

PETITIONS TO THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE

COMMONWEALTH 1653.

To Hon. Richard Bennett and Colonel Wm. Claiborne, Esqs.,
Commissioners of the Commonwealth of England, from Virginia
and Maryland." It was styled, "The Humble Petition of the
Commissioners and Inhabitants of Severne, alias Anne Arundel
County, Showwith," and reads: "That, whereas, we were invited
and encouraged by Captain Stone, the Lord Baltimore's Governor
of Maryland, to remove ourselves and estates into the province,
with promise of enjoying the liberty of conscience in matter of
religion, and all other privileges of English subjects. And your
petitioners did, upon this ground, with great cost, labor and danger,
remove ourselves, and have been at great charges in building and
clearing. Now the Lord Baltimore imposeth an oath upon us by
proclamation, which, if we do not take in three months, all of our
lands are to be seized, for his lordship's use. This oath, we con-

20 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties,

ceive not agreeable to the terms on which we came hither. We
have complained of this grievance to the late Hon. Council of State,
which never received an answer, such as might clear the lawlessness
of such, but an aspersion cast upon us of being factious fellows.
In consideration whereof, we humbly tend to our condition intreating
your honors to relieve us according to the power, wherewith you are
intrusted by the Commonwealth of England. Severn River, Jan-
uary 3rd, 1663."

This petition was signed by Edward Lloyd, and seventy-seven
others of the house-keepers, freemen, and inhabitants of the Severn.

The people of North Patuxent sent a similar petition, dated
March the 1st, 1653, signed by Richard Preston and sixty others.

On March the 12th, 1653, Bennett and Claiborne returned an
answer, encouraging the petitioners of the Severn and Patuxent,
"to continue in your due obedience to the Commonwealth of Eng-
land and not to be drawn aside by any pretense of power from
Lord Baltimore's agents, or any other, whatsoever to the contrary."

PROCLAHATION OF 1653.

Governor Stone, in 1653, issued his final call for taking up lands
under the conditions of plantations, as then existing.

In that proclamation, in the face of his promise to the Parlia-
mentary Commissioners, he declared that the oath of fidelity and
writs "must be in the proprietor's name." During that year the
Little Parliament had surrendered its powers to Cromwell, the Pro-
tector. Governor Stone issued his proclamation in compliance with
the change. The next strike at the settlers of Anne Arundel was
in 1654, when Robert Brooke, the commander of Charles County,
because of his support of them, was deprived of his command by
the erection of Calvert County out of the territory of Charles County.
This change was intended to cripple the power of Robert Brooke,
the commander. Governor Stone next charged the settlers of Anne
Arundel with drawing away the people, and leading them into
faction, rebellion, and sedition against Lord Baltimore.

This charge caused Bennett and Claiborne to return to Mary-
land, to look after Governor Stone. They claimed to come under
authority of the Lord Protector. But Leonard Strong, even, did
not state that they bore an order from Cromwell, and Mr. Langford
denied that they had any authority from the Protector. They,
however, went before Governor Stone and his Council, who return-
ing uncivil answers, called together his men, to surprise said Com-
missioners. The latter " in a quiet and peaceable manner, with some
people of Patuxent and Severn, went over on the Calvert side of
the Patuxent, and then proceeded into St. Mary's, meeting no op-
position. There Captain Stone sent a message that he would treat
with them in the woods; fearful of the coming of a party from Vir-
ginia, Stone condescended to lay down his power, and submit again
to such a government as the commissioners should appoint under

Founders or Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 21

the authority of the protector." On July 22nd, 1654, the commis-
sioners, then at Patuxent, issued this order: " For the public admin-
istration of justice. Captain William P'uller, Mr. Richard Preston,
Mr. William Durand, Mr. Edward Lloyd, Captain John Smith, Mr.
Leonard Strong, Mr. John Lawson, Mr. John Hatch, Mr. Richard
Wells and Mr. Richard Ewen — with the first three of the Quorum.
They were empowered to call an assembly at the Patuxent, the
home of Colonel Preston, but all who bore arms, against parliament,
or were of the Roman Catholic faith, were to be deprived of vote.
William Durand was made Secretary of State, and Mr. Thomas
Hatton was ordered to deliver to him the papers of his office.

The assembly met at Patuxent, October 20th, 1654, and sat
as one house. Colonel Richard Preston was made speaker; Thomas
Hatten and Job. Chandler, delegates from St. Mary's, refused to sit
because they had taken an oath to Lord Baltimore. They were
taxed with the necessary expense to elect their successors. It was
then declared that "henceforth all power in this province is held
by the protector and parliament." Further, "that no Catholic can
be protected in his faith, but be restrained from the exercise
thereof."

This assembly further enacted that "all those that transport
themselves or others into this province, have a right to land by
virtue of their transportation. That all may enter their rights of
land in their respective courts, and also, may enter caveat for such
a particular tract of land as they shall take up."

This revolt culminated in an act making "null and void" the
proclamation of Lord Baltimore which read, "that all who would
not submit to his authority should be declared rebels."

This act meant war, and war was now at hand.

Chapter IL

THE BATTLE OF THE SEVERN.

An important letter now arrived. It was written by Lord
J Baltimore, and was addressed to Governor Stone. It was in care
j of Wm. Eltonhead, a messenger, who came in Captain Tilghman's
« "Golden Fortune."

That letter censured Governor Stone for yielding up his author-
ity without a struggle, and renewed his instructions for action.
J Eltonhead further announced that Lord Baltimore still held his

I patent, and that his Highness, the Protector, had neither taken the
' patent nor land.

This letter and the assured support of Eltonhead gave Gover-
nor Stone new life. He at once organized a military company.
Sending Hammond, the historian, and others to the house of Colonel
Richard Preston, the provencial records were seized and brought
back.

John Hammond thus describes his venture: "Governor Stone
sent me to fetch the records. I went unarmed amongst these sons
of Thunder, only three or four to row me, and despite all their braves
of raising the country, calling in his servants to apprehend me,
threatened me with the severity of their new made law, myself
alone seized and carried away the records in defiance."

Governor Stone now started for the Severn. He had gathered
two hundred men and eleven vessels. They marched along the bay
coast, using the vessels to ferry them across the rivers.

Before arriving at Herring Creek, they were met by two sets
of messengers, sent in boats by the people of Providence. The first
messenger was to demand his power and the ground of such pro-
ceedings. The Governor's reply was not satisfactory, as shown by
the following letter from Secretary William Durand.

"For Captain Wm. Stone, Esq. Sir, — The people of these parts
have met together and considered the present transactions on your
part, and have not a little marvelled that no other answer of the
last message hath been made than what tended rather to make men
desperate than conformable. Yet, being desirous of peace, do once
again present to your serious consideration these ensuing proposals
as the mind of the people. 1st. If you will govern us so as we
will enjoy the liberty of English subjects. 2nd. And that we be and
remain indemnified in respect of our engagement, and all former acts
relating to the reducement and government. 3rd. That those who
are minded to depart the province may freely do it without any
prejudice to themselves or their estates. We are content to own
yourself as governor, and submit to your government. If not, we

Founders op Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 23

are resolved to submit ourselves into the hands of God, and rather
die like men than be made slaves. — William Durand, Secretary."

Roger Heamans records: "But no answer to this was returned,
but the same paper in scorn, sent back again."

Governor Stone not only made no answer, but detained the
messengers in order to surprise the settlers.

Leonard Strong records: "Governor Stone, on his arrival at
Herring Creek, captured one of Captain Fuller's commissioners and
forced another man of quality to fly for his life, having threatened
to hang him up to his door, and not finding the man, frightened
his wife and plundered the house of amunition and provision,
threatening still what they would do to the people of Providence
and that they would force the factious Roundheads to submit, and
then they would show their power."

Governor Stone later sent Dr. Luke Barber and Mr. Coursey to
go on before to Providence, bearing a proclamation to the people
of Anne Arundel, in which he declared, " in the presence of Almighty
God, that he came not in the hostile way to do them any hurt, but
sought all means possible to reclaim them by faire meanes."

Dr. Barber adds: "He gave strict command that if they met
any Anne Arundel men, they should not fire the first gun, nor upon
pain of death, plunder any upon the march."

Strong records: "The messengers having no other treaty to
offer, they were quietly dismissed to their own company, to whom
they might have gone if they would." They did not, however, re-
turn. After sending another messenger and none returning, on the
evening of the same day, the Governor with his fleet, made his ap-
pearance in the Severn.

Captain Fuller in command of the Anne Arundel forces, called a
council together and dispatched Secretary Durand to the merchant-
ship. Golden Lyon, Roger Heamans master, then lying in the harbor.
Durand, by proclamation in the name of the Lord Protector and
Commonwealth of England, summoned Heamans to aid in this ser-
vice of maintaining the lives, liberties and estates of the free subjects
thereof.

Heamans, in his defense, confirmed Strong's mission, and adds:
"After seeing the equity of the cause and the groundless proceed-
ings of the enemy, I offered myself, ship and men for that service,
to be directed by said councilors."

Hammond declares that there is not a syllable of truth in Hea-
man's pamphlet, and charges that he was "hired." Heamans was,
without doubt, a sympathizing friend, and he gives, from his com-
manding position, the following intelligent review of the contest:

"In the very shutting up of the dayhght, the ship's company
descried off, a company of sloops and boats, making toward the
ship. Whereupon the Council on board, and the ship's company
would have made shot at them, but this relator commanded them
to forbear, and went himself upon the poop in the stern of the ship,

24 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

and hailed them several times, and no answer was made; he then
ordered them not to come nearer the ship. His mates and company,
having had information of their threatenings, as well against the
ship as the poor distressed people, resolved to fire upon them with-
out their commander's consent, rather than hazard all by the
enemy's nearer approach; whereupon, he ordered them to fire a
gun at random, to divert their course from the ship, but the enemy
kept still its course right with the ship, and took no notice of any
warning given. He then commanded his gunner to fire at them,
/ but one of his mates^Mr. Robert MorriSj)who knew the country
' very well, the malice oi the adversary against the people, who were
then near worn out with fears and watchings, made a shot at them,
which came fairly with them. Whereupon they suddenly altered
their course from the ship, and rowed into the creek, calling the
ship's company, rogues, roundhead rogues, and dogs, and with
many execrations and railings, threatened to fire them on the
morning."

"Governor Stone," says Bozman, "did not think it proper to
pay any attention to this signal of war, as it appeared; but having
arrived within the mouth of the creek, which forms the southern
boundary of the peninsula on which the city of Annapolis now
stands, proceeded to land his men on a peninsular which lies on the
southern side of both the River Severn, and the before mentioned
creek, nearly opposite to, and in an eastern direction from what is
called the dock, or inner harbor of Annapolis; and on which point
a small fortress called 'Fort Horn,' was afterwards built during the
Revolutionary War. During the landing of the governor's men, the
Golden Lyon repeated its fire. Whereupon, Governor Stone sent
a messenger on board to inform the captain that he (Governor Stone)
thought 'the captain of the ship had been satisfied.' To which
Heamans replied, 'Satisfied with what? I never saw any power
Captain Stone had, to do as he hath done, but the superscription of
a letter; I must and will appear for these in a good cause.' "

Heamans continues : " The same night came further intelligence
from the enemy in the harbor, that they were making fire-works
against the ship. Whereupon, the governor (Fuller, whose prudence
and valor in this business deserves very much honor), commanded
a small ship of Captain Cuts, of New England, to lye in the mouth
of the creek, to prevent the enemy's coming forth in the night, to
work any mischief against the ship.

The next morning, by break of day, being the Lord's day, the

25th of March last, the Relator, himself, and company discovered

Captain Stone, with his whole body drawn out and coming toward

V the water's side; marching with drums beating, colors flying — the

- colors were black and yellow, appointed by the Lord Proprietary.

"There was not the least token of any subjugation in Stone
and his company, or acknowledgement of the Lord Protector of
England, but God bless the Lord Proprietary; and their rayling
against his ship's company was rogues, and roundheaded rogues, etc."

FOUK-DERS OF AnXE ArUXDEL AND HoWARD COUNTIES. 25

When Stone had reached the shore, the Golden Lyon and Cap-
tain Cut's vessel opened fire upon them, killing one man and com-
pelling Stone to retire up the neck. Dr. Barber and Mrs. Stone, /
both confirmed this statement. Mrs. Stone added: "the gunner's/
mate of Heamans, since coming down from Anne Arundel to Patux-
ent, hath boasted that he shot the first man that was shot of our
party."

In the meantime Captain Fuller with 170 men, embarked in
boats; going "over the river some six miles from the enemy," he
landed and made a circuit round the creek in order to get in the
rear of Stone's forces. Upon Fuller's approach, a sentry of Stone's
army fired a gun, which brought on an engagement, thus described
by Leonard Strong.

"Captain Fuller still expecting that, then at last, possibly
Governor Stone might give a reason of his coming, commanded his
men, upon pain of death, not to shoot a gun, or give the first onset.
Setting up the Standard of the Commonwealth of England, against
which the enemy shot five or six guns, they killed one man in the
front before a shot was made by the other." (That man was WiUiam
Ayers, the standard bearer.) "Then the word was given, 'In the
name of God fall on ' ; ' God is our strength ' — that was the word of
Providence. The Maryland word was, 'Hey! for St. Maries.'

"The charge was fierce and sharp for a time; but through the
glorious presence of the Lord of Hosts the enemy could not endure,
but gave back and were so effectually charged home, that they were
all routed, turned their backs, threw down their arms, and begged
for mercy. After the first shot a small company of the enemy from
behind a great tree fallen, galled us, and wounded divers of our men,
but were soon beaten off. Of the whole company of Marylanders
there escaped only four or five, who ran away out of the army to
carry the news to their confederates. Captain Stone, Colonel Peirce,
Captain Gerrard, Captain Lewis, Captain Fendall, Captain Guyther
Major Chandler and all the rest of the councillors, officers and sol-
diers of the Lord Baltimore, among whom were a great number of
Papists, were taken; and so were all their vessels, arms, ammunition,
provisions. About fifty men were slain and wounded. (Mr. Thomas
Hatton, late secretary of the province, was one of the slain). We
lost only two in the field, but two died since of their wounds. God
did appear wonderful in the field and in the hearts of the people;
all confessing him to be the worker of this victory and deliverance."

Heamans adds : " All the arms, bag and baggage was taken,
together with the boats that brought them; wherein was the pre-
parations and fuses for the firing of the ship 'Golden Lyon.' And
amongst the rest of their losses, all their consecrated ware was
taken, viz : their pictures, crucifixes, and rows of beads, with a great
store of reliques and trash they trusted in."

Dr. Barber records: "After the skirmish, the governor, upon
quarter given him and all his company in the field, yielded to be
prisoners; but two or three days after, the victors condemned ten

26 FouxDEES OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

to death, and executed four, and had executed all had not the in-
cessant petitioning and begging of some good women saved them,
and the soldiers, others. The governor himself being condemned by
them, and since begged by the soldiers; some being saved just as
they were leading out to execution."

The four who were shot were William Eltonhead, of Governor
Stones' council. Captain William Lewis, John Legatt and John Pedro.
Governor Stone was wounded. His wife, Virlinda Stone,, wrote a
confirmatory letter of the above contest to Lord Baltimore, in which
she called Heamans of the "Golden Lyon," "& very knave, for he
hath abused my husband most grossly."

The deposition of Henry Coursey, one of Governor Stone's mes-
sengers, sheds this further light on the contest: "Governor Stone
and most of his party, (after their surrender), were transported over
the river to a fort at Anne Arundel, where they were all kept prisoners,
and about three days after, the said Captain Fuller, William Burgess,
Richard Ewen, Leonard Strong, William Durand, Roger Heamans,
John Browne, John Cuts, Richard Smith, one Thomas, and one Bes-
son, Samson Warren, Thomas Mears, and one Crouch, sat in a council
of war, and there condemned the said Governor, Captain Stone,
Colonel John Price, Mr. Job. Chandler, Mr. William Eltonhead, Mr.
Robert Clark, Nicholas Geyther, Captain Wilham Evans, Captain
Wm. Lewis, Mr. John Legat and John Pedro to die, and not long
afterward they sequestered all the estates of those of Lord Balti-
more's council and other officers there."

Mr. Coursey further adds, in opposition to Strong's statement:
"When Mr. Barber and said deponent went up to the Severn with
Governor Stone's proclamation, the said Captain Fuller would not
suffer them to read it. They found the people all in arms, and refus-
ing to give any obedience thereto they were dismissed; but suddenly,
before they could get away, were taken prisoners, whereby Governor
Stone was prevented of any answer."

The Severn men being thus masters of the province, the dominion
of the proprietary seemed now at an end. The pretensions of Vir-
ginia were renewed. Documents in opposition of the restoration
poured in upon the Protector, but the committee on trade and plan-
tations, to which Cromwell had referred Lord Baltimore's claim,
reported in his favor in 1656. A strong party in Maryland were
still loyal to him. Among these advocates was Josias Fendall, who
received, in 1656, a commission from Lord Baltimore as Governor
of Maryland, to be aided by the following councilors: Captain Wm,
Stone, Mr. Thomas Gerald, Colonel John Price, Mr. Job. Chandler
and Mr. Luke Barber. Before Fendall could organize his govern-
ment, the Severn's Provincial Council, composed of Captain William
Fuller, Edward Lloyd, Richard Wells, Captain Richard Ewen,
Thomas Marsh, and Thomas Meeres, in August, 1656, caused Fen-
dall's arrest on the charge "of dangerousness to the public peace."
He denied the power of the court to try him. The verdict of the
court was: "Whereas Josias Fendall, gent, hath been charged,

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 27

contrary to his oath, with disturbance of public peace, for assuming
a pretended power from Captain William Stone, he the said Josias
Fendall, shall go to the place from whence he came a prisoner, and
there abide in safe custody until the matters of goA'^ernment in the
Province of Maryland be further settled by his Highness Lord Pro-
tector." Fendall, tired of imprisonment, took an oath that he
would abide by the present government until there be a full deter-
mination of the matter."

Each party was now anxious to defend itself before the Pro-
tector. Dr. Luke Barber, who stood well with both Lord Baltimore
and the Protector, though detained by the Puritans, wrote a letter
to the Protector, but when released, carried it with him and delivered
it in person. It, no doubt, had its effect in the subsequent fair
treatment of Lord Baltimore's claim by the Protector. Bennett
went to England to settle matters with Cromwell and labored hard
by a recital of all the provocations, to defend the action of his asso-
ciates in their abuse of the law of nations. He gave an extended
review, in which he assigned many reasons why the Proprietary's
claim should be abrogated, but the favorable report of the Board of
Trade a had marked effect in strengthening the claim of Lord Balti-
more. Bennett was a diplomatist of no mean order, and he saw the
time had come for compromise. He, therefore, met Lord Baltimore
in a conciliatory spirit and finally secured about all for which he had
contended. Whilst this compromise was being accomplished in
England, a commission was issued October 25th, 1656, to Josias
Fendall, as Governor of Maryland, wdth instructions to carry out
the proclamation guaranteeing religious liberty to all. He granted
"his faithful friends, Fendall 2,000 acres, Luke Barber 1,000 acres,
Thomas Trueman 1,000, George Thompson 1,000, John Sandford
1,000, and Henry Coursey 1,000 acres. He further ordered that
especial care be taken of the widows of Thomas Hatton, William
Eltonhead and Captain Lewis.

Philip Calvert, his brother, was sent over as Secretary of the
Province and one of the Governor's Council. Mr. Barber was depu-
tised acting-governor during the absence of Governor Fendall.
At that time the settlers upon the Patuxent and Seyern numbered
about one-half of the population of the Province.

In 1657, Captain Fuller called an Assembly to meet at the home
of Colonel Richard Preston, on the Patuxent. The lower house con-
sisted of ten members, with Colonel Richard Ewen speaker. There
were present, besides the speaker. Captain Robert Sley, Captain
Joseph Weeks, Mr. Robert Taylor, Captain Thomas Besson, Mr.
Peter Sharp, Captain Phil Morgan, Mr. Richard Brooks and Mr.
James Johnson. They confirmed the "Act of Recognition." On
the 30th of November, 1657, Lord Baltimore and Richard Bennett
completed their compromise. In substance it was an agreement by
Lord Baltimore to overlook the disturbance of the Severn; to grant
patents of land to all the Puritan settlers who could claim them,
by taking an altered oath of fidelity, — whilst the law granting free-

28 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

dom of religion should stand as proclaimed in 1649. Bennett and
Matthews signed the agreement with Lord Baltimore. Governor )
Fendall, who had been called to England for further instructions, |
returned to the province in 1658. He called his council together/
at St. Mary's, and sent letters to Wm. Fuller, Richard Preston and
others composing the government at Providence, desiring them to
give him and his secretary. Captain Thomas Cornwalhs, a meeting
at Leonard's Creek, in Patuxent River, upon March 18th, following,
in order to carry out the agreement, already signed by Lord Balti-
more and Richard Bennett, a copy of which was sent them.

On account of the stormy season, the delegates of Anne Arundel
did not arrive until the 20th. They were Captain Wm. Fuller, Mr.
Richard Preston, Mr. Edward Lloyd, Mr. Thomas Meeres, Mr.
Philip Thomas, and Mr. Samuel Withers. The day being well spent
all business was postponed until Monday 22nd. Upon reading the
article of agreement. Captain Fuller and his council objected to
several articles, and urged that "indemnity on both sides" should
be added; this was agreed to. The oath of fidelity was amended
by the Anne Arundel men to waive it for all persons then resident
in the porvince, but to stand in force to all others. The Anne
Arundel men further urged and secured confirmation of all past
proceedings done by them in their assemblies and courts since 1652;
and, lastly, insisted that none of them should be disarmed, to be
left to the mercy of the Indians. Having thus secured still greater
compromises than their leader in England had asked, the final agree-
ment, as amended, was then signed by all present.

After which the Anne Arimdel commissioners proceeded to give
up the records.

After the lapse of six years, his Lordship's dominion was again
restored, yet the settlers were still independent. Governor Fendall
and his secretary had, in 1657, at a meeting on the Severn, taken /
up the settlement of Anne Arundel and ordered, " That Wm. Bur- '
gess, Thomas Meeres, Robert Burle, Thomas Todde, Roger Grosse,
Thomas Howell, Richard Wells, Richard Ewen, John Brewer, An-
thony Salway and Richard Woolman, gentlemen, should be com-
missioners for said county, to appear by summons of the sheriff, at
the house of Edward Lloyd, to take oath of Commissioners and
Justices of the Peace, and that the 23rd instant should be the first
court day. — (By order of the Governor and Secretary, Mr. Nathaniel
Utie, at Anne Arundel, July 12th, 1657)."

The warrant was issued by Captain John Norwood, Sheriff.
Wm. Burgess, Thomas Meeres and Richard Ewen refused to take
the oath of Commissioners of Justice, alleging, as an excuse, that
it was not lawful to swear.

Their pleas were refused and Captain Thomas Besson, Captain
Howell and Thomas Taylor were appointed in their stead.

Then was taken up the establishment of militia force. It was
resolved that the forces be divided into two regiments. One for
the Potomac and Patuxent Rivers, commanded by the governor

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 29

himself; the other, from the coves up to the Severn, and including
the Isle of Kent, to be commanded by Nathaniel Utie, assisted by
^ Captain John Cumber, Major Richard Ewen and Captain Thomas
' Howell, oiTSouth'River, up to the head of it.

These orders were made whilst Maryland was still under the
divided government. Fuller and his council were in control of the ;i
northern section, and Governor Barber, representing Fendall, ruled j
St. Maries. '

A writ was issued in 1657, to Captain John Norwood, to choose
burgesses for an assembly to be held at St. Leonard's, in the County
of Calvert. The assembly met at St. Leonard's in 1658. It was
there enacted, "That the oath of fidelity shall not be pressed upon
the people of the province, but instead, a promise to submit to the
anthority of the Right Honorable Cecilius Lord Baltimore, and his
heirs within the province, and that none should be disarmed."
' This was agreed to by Captain Josias Fendall and Philip Cal-

vert, principal secretary. It was also assented to by the Upper and
Lower House of Burgesses.

At the session of 1659, the House of Delegates demanded that
the governor and his council should no longer sit as an Upper House.
/ Fendall at first resisted this, but finally yielded and took his

I seat in the Lower House. The Upper House was then declared
' dissolved. Finally, Fendall resigned his commission from Lord Pro-
prietary, into the hands of the Assembly, and accepted a new one
from that body in their own name, and by their own authority.

This bold desertion was soon met by the appointing of Philip
/ Calvert governor, of the province. Fendall was arrested, tried but ;
I respited. Thirty years of prosperity and quiet submission now sue- ,
ceeded the stormy revolutions just recorded. Cromwell had passed '
away, and Charles II. had been proclaimed king.

When Philip Calvert assumed the government in 1660, the num-
ber of inhabitants was twelve thousand. During the succeeding
decade it had increased to twenty thousand.

Immigrants, direct from England, began to settle upon the
Severn and South Rivers, and in some cases, to buy up the claims
of the earlier settlers. Governor Calvert was authorized to use ex-
treme measures against the leaders of the late rebellion, but he
contented himself in issuing a proclamation for the arrest of Captain
Fuller for sedition. Even this was not carried out, and many re-'
mained in the province.

The impetus of immigration, after 1660, was distinctly shown
upon the Rent Rolls of the county. Upon Broad Neck Hundred
additional surveys reached up to the Magothy. Thomas Homewood,
William Hopkins, and Richard Young, were near the Magothy.

Matthew Howard resurveyed "Howard's Inheritance," adjoin-
ing WilHam Hopkins. Thomas Underwood located upon Ferry
Creek. Thomas Turner settled as a neighbor of Edward Lloyd and
Richard Young. These surveys extended north to the Patapsco, and
later to the Susquehanna, Bush and Deer Creek, of Harford County.

30 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

MIDDLE NECK HUNDRED AFTER 1660.

South-side Severn settlements were increased in 1662. Matthew
Howard, who had come up from Lower Norfolk, Virginia, in 1650,
with his neighbor and relative, Edward Lloyd, had died before 1659,
but his five sons now came. They were Captain Cornelius Howard,
of " Howard's Heirship and Chance" ; Samuel Howard, of " Howard's
Hope"; John Howard, of "Howard's Interest"; all adjoining near
Round Bay. Philip and Matthew were on North Severn. In 1664,
the three sons of Edward Dorsey, the immigrant of 1650 — relatives
of the Howards — took up and patented their father's survey of
" Hockley-in-the-Hole." They were Colonel Edward Dorsey, Joshua
and Hon. John Dorsey, prominent leaders in political movements,
and representatives in legislative measures.

Adjoining these, Nicholas Wyatt extended his surveys of "Way-
field," which was bought by Richard Warfield. Henry Sewell sur-
veyed " Hope" and " Increase." General John Hammond held a large
estate east of the Howards. James Warner adjoined them in " War-
ner's Neck." John Mackubin surveyed "Timber Neck," on Broad
Creek. Henry Pierpoint's "Diamond" adjoined Nicholas Wyatt,
Richard Warfield and Thomas Browne. These surveys were nine
miles west of Annapolis.

SOUTH RIVER HUNDRED AFTER 1660.

Patents were issued upon beautiful South River, in 1660, for
"Burgess Right," for Captain Edward Burgess; "Burgh" and
"Burgess Choice," for Colonel William Burgess; "Pole Cat Hill"
and "Round About Hills," for John Gaither; "Edward's Neck,"
for John Edwards; "Chaney's Neck," for Richard Chaney; "Bald-
win's Addition," for John Baldwin; "Watkins Hope," for John
Watkins; "The Landing," for Robert Proctor; " Larkins' Hills,"
for John Larkin; "Poplar Ridge," for Colonel Nicholas Gassaway;
" Herrington," for Samuel Chew; " Todd's Range," for Thomas Todd.

Chapter III.

THE QUAKERS.

In 1658, when the "Non-Conformists" had settled down to
accept "the engagement" instead of the "oath of fidelity," and
Edward Lloyd had been elevated to the governor's council, new
rebels appeared in the province. "The Governor (Fendall) took j;
into consideration the insolent behavior of some people called jf
Quakers, who, at court, would stand covered and refuse to sign " the
engagement.' He therefore ordered, 'That they must do so, or
depart from the province.' "

The coming of these Quakers had a marked effect upon the stern
Virginia settlers who had preceeded them. At first their refusal
to abide b}^ the orders to which the)'- were opposed, created much
discontent, but their gentle manners soon brought friends.

Elizabeth Harris, wife of a prosperous London merchant, was
among the first to brave the wilds to speak of the love of Jesus.

After her return to England, a convert named Robert Clarkson,
wrote as follows: "Dear Heart: I salute thee in tender love of
the Father, which moved thee towards us, and do own thee to have
been outward testimony to the inward truth, on me and others, even
as many as the Lord, in tender love and mercy, did give an ear to
hear. And likewise, John Baldwin and Henry Carline, Thomas Cole
and William Cole, have made open confession of the truth, (the
latter became a Quaker preacher in 1662, and was imprisoned at
Jamestown for violating the statutes). William Fuller abides un-
moved, (this was the Captain of the Severn). I know not but that
Wm. Durand doth the like. He frequents our meetings but seldom.
We have disposed of our books, which were sent, so that all parts
are furnished, and every one that desires it may have the benefit
by them. At Herrring Creek, Roads River, South River, all about
Severn, the Broadneck and there about, the Severn Mountains, and
Kent.

" With my dear love, I salute thy husband, and rest with thee
and the gathered ones in the eternal word, which abideth forever."

Thus, in 1657, before the arrival of Cole and Thurston, the
planting of Quakerism had commenced and Preston, Berry and the
more sober-minded citizens, listened gladly to the tenets of the
society. The Non-Conformists who came from Virginia, not able in
their scattered residences, to support a pastor, willingly listened to
preaching of the Gospel by the new sect, developed by the agitators
of the Cromwellian era.

Feeling that his stay must be brief, the feet of Fox had scarcely
touched the sands of the Fautuxent before he began to preach.

32 Founders of Axxe Aruxdel and Hoavard Counties.

He spoke at the Severn, where the members were so great that
no building was large enough to hold the congregation. The next
day he was at Abraham Birkheads, six or seven miles distant, and
there the Speaker of the Assembly was convinced. Then, mount-
ing his horse, he rode to Dr. Peter Sharpe's at the Cliffs of Calvert.
Here was a "heavenly meeting." Many of the upper sort of people
present, and the wife of one of the governor's councilors, was con-
vinced. From thence he rode eighteen miles to James Preston's^
on the Patuxent, where an Indian chief and some of his tribe came
to see the strange man, who was lifting up his voice like John the
Baptist, in the wilderness. His labors were incessant; neither
wintry sleet nor the burning sun detained. He forded the streams,
slept in woods and barns, with as much serenity as in the comfort-
able houses of his friends, and was truly a wonder to many.

Before he returned to England, he went up to Annapolis, at-
tended a meeting of the Provincial Assembty, and early in 1673^
sailed for his native land.

Mr. Edmondson, the Quaker preacher, when in Virginia, made
this report: "Richard Bennett stopped to hear me preach. He
was then known as Major General Bennett; he said he was a man
of great estate, and as many of our friends were poor men, he desired
to contribute with them. He asked me to his house. He was a
solid, wise man, receiving the truth and died in the same, leaving
two Friends his executors."

Another view of the early church in Anne Arundel, is here given.
Rev. John Yoe, of the Church of England, appeared in Maryland,
in 1675. He was disturbed by the movements of the Quakers,
Baptists, and Roman Catholics, and other Non-Conformists. From
the Patuxent, in 1676, he wrote to the Archbishop of Canterbury,
the following letter:

"Most Reverend Father, — Be pleased to pardon this presump-
tion of mine, in presenting to your serious notice these rude lines, to
acquaint your grace with ye deplorable estate and condition of the
Province of Maryland, for want of an established ministry.

" Here are, in this province, ten to twelve thousand souls, and
but three Protestant ministers to us, yet are conformable to ye doc-
trine and discipline of ye Church of England. Society here is in
great necessity of able and learned men, to confront the gainsa3^ers,'
especially having so many professed enemies. Yet one thing can-
not be obtained here, viz: consecration of churches and church-
yards to ye end ye Christians might be decently buried together.
Whereas, now, they bury in the several plantations where thev
lived."

This letter was referred to the Bishop of London, who returned
it to Lord Baltimore, who replied: "That the act of 1649, confirmed
in 1676, tolerated and protected every sect." And, he continued,
" Four ministers of the Church of England are in possession of planta-
tions which offered them a decent substance." The four referred to

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 33

were probably Rev. Mr. Yeo, Coode, the political agitator, Matthew
Hill, and a minister sent by Charles the Second.

Six clergymen came during Governor Nicholson's administra-
tion. Rev. Ethan Allen names. Rev. Duell Pead, Mr. Crawford,
Mr. Moore, Mr. Lillingstone and Mr. Vanderbush.

Rev. Thomas Bray, who in 1696, had been appointed Commis-
sary for the clergy, in company with Sir Thomas Lawrence, Secretary
of Maryland, waited on Anne, Princess of Denmark, to request her
acceptance of the respect shown her by naming the capital of Mary-
land, Annapolis.

Rev. Mr. Bray, having received a donation for libraries from
the Princess, presented books to the amount of ^400 to the capital.
On their covers is stamped, "De Bibliothica Annapolitana." Arriv-
ing in March, 1700, Rev. Mr. Bray preached before the Assembly
at Annapolis, when the Church of England was re-established.

(Neil.)

The Quakers, as seen by the above quotations, had meeting
houses in every section of Anne Arundel. At their meeting-house
at West River, there is still a well-preserved graveyard. To their
meetings came the Galloways, Murrays, Richardsons, Chestons, Jones,
Chews, Hookers, Lawrences, Birkheads, and many others of the in-
fluential families, who later joined the Episcopal Church. It was
in their meeting houses that George Fox was gladly received, when
during that remarkable visit, he won over the staunch Puritans
unto zealous Quakers. Governor Fendall, who had ordered them
to be banished, had " to depart the province" himself, but the gentle
Quakers w-on friends, and, like the Non-Conformists, did pretty much
as they pleased, yet still held their faith and kept their hats on. In
fact, the province was the resort for all kinds of rebels.

Governor Fendall was banished to Virginia, but returned and
defended himself with such ability, he was acquitted. As will be
seen later, he left descendants, who became leaders in the families
of Maryland.

In 1662, Philip Calvert was superseded by Hon. Charles Calvert,
son of the Lord Proprietary, who continued as governor until the
death of his father in 1675, by which he became proprietor.

In 1680 he assumed the government in person for four years.
During that time, Ex-Governor Fendall and Captain John Coode
attempted to excite another rebellion. This was under the pretense
of religion, but failing in it, they were arrested, tried and convicted,
but escaped.

This attempt was but the precursor of the coming revolution
in England, which later, was severely felt in Maryland.

From the victory of the Severn, in 1655, to the year 1683, when
Annapolis was made a port of entry, there in not a single event
recorded as a history of Anne Arundel. To fill this gap, I will now
give the outhnes of the county, some of its officers, and the biography
of many who made history in that quarter of the century.

Chapter IV.

BOUNDARIES OF THE COUNTIES.

The original and indefinite act of 1650, setting off Anne Arundel
County, "embraced all that part of the province, on the west side
of the Chesapeake Bay, over against the Isle of Kent, called Pro-
vidence by the people thereof."

The land grants show that the people of Providence extended
from Herring Creek on the south, to the Patapsco River on the
north, with the Severn as a central meeting place.

During 1650, an order was passed erecting Charles County out
of the territory on the south side of the Patuxent. This order was
a county grant to Hon. Robert Brooke, a special friend of Lord Balti-
more, who with his family of forty persons, including his servants,
had seated himself about twenty miles north of the mouth of the
Patuxent. When Robert Brooke later became a leader in the in-
dependent movement of the Virginia settlers, he was deprived of
his command by changing the name of Charles County to Calvert
County, which had its northern limit at "a creek on the west side
of the Chesapeake Bay, called Herring Bay."

After the Commissioners of Parliament had, in the ensuing
October, 1654, displaced Governor Stone, an ordinance was passed
declaring that "all the lands extending from Marshe's Creek down
the bay, including all the lands on the south side of the bay and
cliffs, with the north and south sides of the Patuxent River, shall
constitute a county, to be called, as it is, "Patuxent County."

Upon the restoration of the proprietary grovernment, in 1658,
all of the previous acts were annulled, and the boundaries and the
names made by the Council of July 3rd, 1654, were restored. The
question so rested until 1674, when the proprietary declared by pro-
clamation, "That the north side of the Patuxent River, beginning
at the north side of Lyon's Creek, shall be added to Anne Arundel
County."

One hundred years later, 1777, in order to determine the eligi-
bility of Mr. Mackall, the House of Delegates declared, "that the
creek, at present called Fishing Creek, was the reputed and long
received boundary between the two counties."

Nearly a half century later, 1832, an act was passed, appoint-
ing commissioners to ascertain and establish the divisional lines.

In 1823, the commissioners reported a compromise line beginning
at the mouth of Muddy, or Red Lion's Creek. Anne Arundel Coimty
did not claim that its limits extended to Herring Creek, the boundary
assigned by the order of 1652, but that Marsh's Creek, being the
conceded boundary, the dispute was as to the true location of that
creek. Calvert County claimed that Marsh's Creek, named for
Thomas Marsh, the first Anne Arundel commissioner, was a creek

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 35

falling into Herring Creek, near its mouth, and extending westward-
ly with that creek to one of the heads of Lyon's Creek, and thence
with Lyon's Creek to the Patuxent. Anne Arundel County claimed
that Marsh's Creek was what is now known as Fishing Creek, By
the act of 1824, Fishing Creek was made the division line on the bay
and the south, or middle creek, on the Patuxent. " In duration and
the difficulty of arriving at a satisfactory result, the contest between
Anne Arundel and Calvert was not unlike that between Lord Balti-
more and the Penns.

"But the identity of Marsh's Creek, (the admitted boundary),
with Fishing Creek, is clearly proved by the records in the land office.
The history of the title to "Majors Choice," taken up by the Honor-
able Thomas Marsh, near the Cliffs of Calvert, will readily develop
all the evidence upon this knotty question." — (Davis.)

The creation of Charles County in 1658, had no northern limit
except "as far as the settlements extended."

In 1695, Prince George County was formed out of its northern
territory, extending south as far as Mattawoman Creek, and a straight
line drawn thence to the head of the Swanson's Creek, and with
that creek to the Patuxent. The present divisional line of Charles
and Prince George slightly varies to the west by an artificial line
running from the Mattawoman to a given point on the Potomac,
nearly opposite Mount Vernon. — (Act of 1748, Chapter 14.)

On the north and east, Prince George has always been separated
from Anne Arundel and Charles by the Patuxent River.

Extending from the Patuxent to the Potomac, Prince George
received its definite western limits, in 1748, by the creation of Fred-
erick County, from which it was separated by a straight line, begin-
ning at the lower side of the mouth of Rock Creek, and running
thence north with Hyatt's plantation to the Patuxent River, at
Crow's mill, west of Laurel.

This line, in 1776, upon the erection of Montgomery County
out of the lower portion of Frederick, became the divisional line
between Prince George and Montgomery Counties. The eastern
boundary line of Frederick County, when erected, in 1748, touched
the western boundaries of Prince George, Anne Arundel and Balti-
more Counties.

Baltimore County was partly formed out of the northern por-
tion of Anne Arundel, in 1659. In the proclamation of 1674, the
southern bounds of Baltimore County shall be "the south side of
Patapsco River, and from the highest plantations on that side of
the river, due south two miles in the woods." In 1698, an act was
passed defining the line " beginning at three marked trees, standing
about a mile and a quarter to the southward of Bodkin Creek, on
the west side of Chesapeake Bay, and near a marsh and a pond:
thence west until they cross the mountains of the mouth of the
Magothy River, to Richard Beard's mill: thence continuing west-
ward with said road to William Hawkin's path, to two marked
trees: thence along said road to two marked trees: thence leav-

36 FouNDEES OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

ing said road by a line drawn west to William Slade's path to
two marked trees: thence continuing west between the draughts of
the Magothy and Patapsco Rivers, until they come to a mountain
of white stone rock: still continuing west to a road going to Patapsco,
to Peter Bond's, to two marked trees: thence continuing west to
the main road, to Patapsco Ferry, to two marked pines standing
near the Ready Branch, written at large on the north side of said
trees, Baltimore County; and on the south side Anne Arundel County.
Then with a line drawn west northwest to Elkridge road, to two
marked trees; thence continuing the same course of west northwest
to Patuxent River, and so on up the said river to the extent thereof,
for the bounds of Baltimore County. —

In 1725, an act was passed, limiting the southern border of
Baltimore County to the Patapsco River, from its mouth to its head,
but its western limits were still vague.

The head of the Patapsco was the western limit, as well as that
of Anne Arundel, by the act of 1725, until the formation of Fred-
erick County, in 1748, which enacted, "that its lines after reach-
ing the river, should run with it to the hues of Baltimore County,
and with that county to the extent of the province."

In 1750, a definite line was established between Frederick and
Baltimore Counties: "Beginning at a spring called Parr's Spring,
and running thence N. 35 E., to a bounded white oak, standing
on the west side of a wagon road, called John Digges' road, about
a mile above the place called Burnt House Woods: and running
thence up said road to a bounded white oak, standing on the east
side thereof, at the head of a draught of Sam's Creek: thence N.
55 E. to a Spanish oak, standing on a ridge near William Robert's,
and opposite to the head of a branch called the Beaver Dam: thence
N. 20 E. to the temporary line between the Provinces of Maryland
and Pennsylvania, being near the head of a draught called Conawajo,
at a rocky hill called Rattle Snake Hill." The western limit of
Anne Anclurel County was also the eastern limit of Frederick and
Montgomery line, which was a straight line from the mouth of the
Monocacy to Parr's Spring, where the Frederick and Baltimore
Coimty lines met. A branch from that spring to the Patapsco,
limited Anne Arundel on the west. By a more recent act, 1836,
creating Carroll County out of the portions of Frederick and Balti-
more Coimties, the western limits of Baltimore are near Woodstock,
B. & O. R. R.

In 1838, Howard District, extending on the east from Laurel
to Elk Ridge Landing, via the B. & 0. R. R., was set off from Anne
Arundel, and in 1851, became a county, though its actual settle-
ment was begun before 1700.

Western Maryland was, from 1658 to 1776, successively included
in the geographical limits of Charles, Prince George and Frederick
Counties, erected in 1658, 1695 and 1748 respectfully. On July 26th,
1776, the Provincial Convention of Maryland divided Frederick
County into three districts, upper, middle and lower.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

37

The first embraced Washington, Alleghany and Garrett: second
took Frederick and a part of Carroll: third embraced Montgomery
County. Each by ordinance was made a separate county on Sept.
6th, 1776.

OFFICERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY, FROM ITS ORGAN-
IZATION UNTIL IT CHANGED TO A ROYAL PROVINCE.

JUSTICES.
James Homewood,
Thomas Meeres,
Thomas Marsh,
George Puddington,
Matthew Hawkins,
James Menyman,
Henry Cathn.

Robert Brooke,
Col. Francis Yardly,
Mr. Job Chandler,
Capt. Edmund Winder,
Col. Richard Preston,
Lieut. Richard Banks,

1650.
DELEGATES
Jas. Cox,
George Puddington.

1651. No delegation sent.

COMMANDER.
Edward Lloyd.

1652.
PARLIAMENTARY COMMISSIONERS.

Administered the government.

OFFICERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

JUSTICES.

(Richard Bennett,
and
Wm. Clayborne.

JUSTICES.
Capt. Wm. Fuller,
Rich. Preston,
Wm. Durand,
Edward Lloyd.

Capt. John Smith,
Leonard Strong,
John Ijawson,
John Hatch,
Rich. WeUs,
Richard Ewen,

1653.
DELEGATES.
Governor Stone re-
appointed
Thomas Hatton,
Secretary.

1654.
DELEGATE.

Quorum.

COUNCILLORS.
Robert Brooke,
Capt. John Price,
Job. Chandler,
Col. Francis Yardly,
Col. Richard Preston.

Wm. Durand,

Secty. of State.

Richard Preston,

Speaker, Keeper of Records.

I Justices.

38 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

OFFICERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY.

1655.

Capt. Wm. Fuller's Council, as in 1654.

Council of War, after the Battle of the Severn, 1655.

JUSTICES.
Capt. William Fuller,
Wm. Burgess,
Richard Ewen,

DELEGATES.
Leonard Strong,
Wm. Durand,
Roger Heamans,

1656.

COUNCILLORS.
Mr. Besson,
Samson Warren,
Wm. Crouch.

Upon Governor Josias Fendall assuming the government, the following
had him arrested:

Capt. Wm. FuUer,
Edward Lloyd,

Richard Wells,
Col. Rich. Ewen,

1657.

Thomas Marsh,
Thomas Meeres.

Governor Fendall. Philip Calvert, Secty.

Capt. Fuller's Assembly of ten members, Richard Ewen, Speaker.

JUSTICES.
Wm. Burgess,
Robt. Burle,
Roger Grosse,
Rich. Wells.
John Brewer,
Thos. Meeres,
Thos. Todde,
Thos. Howell,
Richard Ewen,
Anthony Salway,
Rich. Woolman.

DELEGATES.
Capt. Robt. Sley,
Capt. Jas. Weeks,
Mr. Robt. Taylor,
Capt. Thos. Besson,
Mr. Peter Sharp,
Capt. Phil. Morgan,
Mr. Richard Brooks,
Mr. Jas. Johnson.

1658.

COUNCILLORS.
Edward Lloyd,
Capt. Wm. Fuller.

Compromise of Lord Baltimore and Bennett,
Commissioners :
Gov. Fendall,
Secty. Comwallis,

Capt. Wm. Fuller,
Rich. Preston,
Edward Lloyd,
Thomas Meeres,
Philip Thomas,
Saml. Withers.

JUSTICES.
Rich. WeUs,
Saml. Withers,
Thos. Todd,
John Brewer,
Robert Burle,
Roger Grosse,
Thomas Besson,
Edmund Townhill.
Anthony Galway,
Francis Holland.

Agreed to restore records to Fendall; to issue grants for
lands; to guarantee indemnity for passed acts.

1660.
DELEGATES.
John Brewer

and
Saml. Chew.

COUNCILLORS.
Edward Lloyd.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

39

JUSTICES.
Saml. Chew., Sheriff,
Capt. Wm. Burgess,
Richard Ewen,
George Puddington
Ralph Williams,
Thos. Taylor,
Capt. John Norwood.

JUSTICES.

Capt. Wm. Burgess appoint-
Sheriff, but called to field,
succeeded by Rich. Ewen,
1664-5.

1662.
DELEGATES.
Robert Burle.

COUNCILLORS.
Edward Lloyd.

Rich. Ewen, Sheriff.

1666.
Thos. Stockett, Sheriff.

Thos. Marsh,
John Ewen,
Robert Francklyn,
John Welsh, *>., — *
Sarnl. Chew.
George Puddington,
Robert Burle.

Thos. Stockett, Sheriff.

Wm. Burgess,
Saml. Lane,
Robert Brooke,
John Homewood, J
Richard Ewen.
Robt. Francklyn,
Thos. Hedge,
Richard Burton, Clerk

1663-1664.

DELEGATES.
Thos. Meeres,
Richard Beard,
John Homeswood,
George Puddington.

1665.
Robt. Burle,
Capt. Thos. Besson,
Richard Beard.
Thos. Taylor,
Edward Selby.

1667.
The Seal of A. A. Co. was
taken from Thos. Tay-
lor in 1667, and given
to Saml. Chew.

1668-1669.
Wm. Burgess,
Saml. Withers,

1671.
Wm. Burgess,
Thos. Taylor,
Cornelius Howard,
Robert Francklyn.

1674.

COUNCILLORS.
Edward Lloyd.

Edward Lloyd.

Edward Lloyd.

Saml. Chew.

Saml. Chew.

Sami. Chew.

Quorum.

Col. Wm.
Col. Saml. Lane,
Major John Welsh,
Robert Francklyn,
Capt. Richard Hill,
John Homewood,
Henry Stockett,
Thos. Francis,
Wm. Jones,
Henry Lewis.

1676.
Dedimus protestatimus to Col.
Wm. Burgess and Saml. Lane.
Quorum.

Saml. Chew.

40

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

\

John Welsh, Sheriff,

Col. Thos. Tailler,
Col. Wm. Burgess,
Capt. John Welsh,
Capt. Rich. Hill,
Thos. Francis,

Capt. Nich. Gassaway,
Edward Burgess,
Cornelius Howard,
John SoUers.

1678-1679.

Col. Wm. Burgess,
Jas. Rigby,
John Homewood,
Wm. Richardson.
Quorum.

1680-1682.

Henry Ridgely.
Edward Dorsey,
Richard Beard, Jr.

Henry Hanslap, Sheriff,
Capt, Rich. Hill, of Severn,
Edward Burgess, of Londontown,
Thomas Knighton, of Herring Creek.

Quorum.

Capt. Rich. Hill,
Major Nich. Gassaway
Capt. Edward Burgess,
Major Edward Dorsey,

JUSTICES.
Mr. Henry Ridgely,
Mr. Rich. Beard,
John SoUers,
Thos. Tench,
Thos. Knighton,
John Hammond,
Nich. Greenberry,
James Ellis.

Major Nich. Gassaway,

Major Edward Dorsey, "1

Capt. Nich. Greenberry, I /-»„«,,.„,

Mr John Hammond Quorum.

Mr. Thos. Tench, J

Mr. Edward Burgess,

Mr. Henry Ridgley,

Mr. Henry Constable,

Rich. Beard,

Thos. Knighton,

Mr. James Ellis,

Mr. John Bennett.

1683.

1685.

1687.

Col. Wm. Burgess.

Col. Wm. Burgess.

Col. Wm. Burgess.

1689.

Mr. Thos. Tench, \ p^,^„„^
Mr. John Bennett, / Coroners.
Mr. Henry Hanslap, Sheriff,
Mr. Henry Bonner, Clerk.

1692.

\

Quorum.

Capt. John Hammond,

Mr. Wm. Holland,

Mr. Saml. Young,

Major Henry Ridgely,

Henry Constable,

Capt. Nich. Gassaway,

Mr. John Worthington,

Mr. Abel Browne,

Mr. Edward Batson. Surveyor.

Mr. John Hammond,
Mr. Henry Ridgely,
Mr. James Saunders,
Mr. John Dorsey.

Col. Nich. Greenberry.
Thos. Tench.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 41

ORDINARIES,

In 1675, there were only three authorized ordinaries for the
accommodation of the public. One was at the Court House; one
at Richard Hills; and one at the Red Lyon.

The expenses for meat, drink and lodging, during the Assembly
. of Burgesses, to be paid to the in holder of St. Maries, in 1666, were
4,586 pounds of tobacco; also necessary expenses to each member
for hands and boat hire, until they arrive at their homes. In 1675,
the taxable rate of 816, taxable at 165 pounds of tobacco, per poll,
was 134,640 pounds.

BIOGRAPHIES OF THE FOUNDERS OF ANNE ARUNDEL CO.
RICHARD BENNETT.

Richard Bennett was the Moses from the Nansemond to the
Severn. He may be termed a settler of two States.

His uncle, Edward Bennett was a wealthy London merchant,
once Deputy-Governor of the English Merchants of Holland.

He was largely interested in the Virginia trade, and organized
the Virginia Company, already noted. As his representative in
Virginia, Richard Bennett, immediately rose to importance. In
1629 and 1631, he was in the House of Burgesses. In 1642-1649 he
was a Commissioner and member of the Council.

In the latter year he secured, from the Governor of Maryland,
a grant of "Towne Neck," on the Severn, for fifteen of his followers,
who wished to be close together. Our land records show that he
soon after disposed of this grant to his wife's kinsman. Colonel
Nathaniel Utie, secretary to the governor. As Governor of Virginia,
still later, his administration appears to have been acceptable,
even to the loyalists.

He remained a member of the Virginia Council until his death.

(Hening.)

In 1666, he was made Major-General of Militia. He was a friend
to the Quakers, and made provision for many needy families. His
will was probated in 1675. The bulk of his estate descended to
his grandson, Richard Bennett, 3rd, son of Richard Bennett, 2nd,
by Henrietta Marie Neale, daughter of Captain James Neale, at-
torney for Lord Baltimore, at Amsterdam, and former representa-
tive in Spain. Captain Neale came to America in 1666, and repre-
sented Charles County in the House of Burgesses. His wife, Anna
Gill, was the daughter of Benjamin Gill. Their daughter Henrietta
Marie, was named for her godmother, the queen. By her marriage
to Richard Bennett, Jr., they had two children, Richard Bennett
and Susanna (Bennett) Lowe, ancestress of Governor Lowe and
Charles Carroll, of CarroUton.

Richard Bennett, Jr., lived for a time upon the Severn. He
was in the Assembly of 1666, and was a Commissioner of Kent
County, in which he had an immense estate. In his early manhood

42 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

he was drowned. His only son, Richard, succeeded to an estate
which made him "the richest man of his majesty's dominion." He
died a bachelor, leaving his property to his sister, Susannah Lowe,
and to his step-father. Colonel Philemon Lloyd. His tombstone
still stands at "Bennetts Point."

Ann Bennett, of Major-General Bennett, became Mrs. Theo-
dorick Bland, of "Westover," Virginia. She died at Wharton's
Creek, Maryland, as the wife of Colonel St. Legar Codd, of Virginia
and of Maryland.

General Bennett and Commander Edward Lloyd were the staunch
leaders in opposition to a Catholic proprietary, yet their sons both
yielded to the eloquence of the good Catholic lady, Henrietta Marie
Neale; whilst a descendant of Commander Robert Brooke, another .•
rebelious subject, took for his wife, Dorothy Neale, sister of Hen- (
rietta Marie Neale. She was the progenitress of Chief Justice Roger
Brooke Taney. These two Catholic mothers not only united dis-
cordant religions, but the former gave to Maryland the following
distinguished sons: Governor Edward Lloyd, of 1709, and Hon.
Edward Lloyd, his son; Revolutionary Edward Lloyd, and his son,
Governor Edward Lloyd, of 1809, United States Senator and grand-
father of Governor Henry Lloyd.

She was the grandmother of Dorothy Blake, mother of Charles
Carroll, the "Barrister"; grandmother of Hon. Matthew Tilghman
and of Richard Tilghman, of "The Hermitage."

She was the grandmother of Governor William Paca's wife;
of Edward Dorsey's wife, and of Thomas Beale Bordley's wife. As
Maid of Honor to Queen Henrietta Marie, she received a ring, which
is now in possession of Mrs. Clara Tilghman Goldsborough Earle,
granddaughter of Colonel Tench Tilghman, great-grandson of Anna
Gill.

The descendants of this prolific mother are "Legion." They
have added many brilliant pages to the history of Maryland.

THOMAS MARSH.

This first Commissioner of Anne Arundel, coming up from Vir-
ginia with William Durand, he surveyed lands, first upon Herring
Creek, but later became a merchant of the Severn.

He was an active member in every movement of the early
settlers. Having become prominent in the Severn contest, the pro-
prietary government, in 1658, refused to recognize his right to lands.
His tract known as "Majors Choice," became historic as a long
disputed line dividing the Counties of Anne Arundel and Calvert,
He assigned a hundred acres upon the Chesapeake to Edward Dorsey
and Thomas jyianning. The latter in his petition for a title to the
land, recorded that it was taken up by Thomas Marsh, who, on ac-
count of his rebellion, was unable to secure title to the same.

Thomas Marsh assigned, also, to William Ayres, a tract upon
Herring Creek.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 43

Removing to Kent Island he was made captain of Militia.

In his will of 1679, he named his wife Jane, daughter of John
Clements; his son Thomas, and daughters Sarah and Mary.

Ralph Williams, of Bristol, England, residing, in 1672, upo«
"Towne Neck," made Thomas Marsh, senior, his residuary legatee.
He was, also, that same year, a witness to the will of Robert Burle,
an associate justice and legislator from the Severn.

The Foremans, of "Clover Fields" and "Rose Hill," and other
representative families of Eastern Maryland, descend from this first
Commissioner.

HAWKINS.

Closely allied to Bennett, Lloyd, Meeres, and others of the
Nansemond settlers, several families of Hawkins were early set-
tlers in the province. John Hawkins, through his attorney, Nicholas
Wyatt, assigned unto Giles Blake one hundred acres, due him for
transporting himself into the province. Henry Hawkins named
"his brother Philemon Lloyd," and left his property to Edward
Lloyd, Susanna Bennett and Maria Bennett.

Ralph Hawkins was on the Magothy River in 1657. He had
sons, Ralph and William, to whom he left "goods out of England."

His wife was Margaret Hawkins. William Hawkins wife, Eliz-
abeth, received from Thomas Meeres "a riding horse."

Thomas Hawkins, of Poplar Island, named "Margaret Hall,
daughter of Edward." His wife was Elizabeth.

Matthew Hawkins, of the Severn, was one of Edward Lloyd's
first commissioners, in 1650. From his daughter Elizabeth, came
State Senator George Hawkins Williams, and Mr. Elihu Riley, the
historian of Annapolis.

From John Hawkins, who married Elizabeth, daughter of
Nicholas Dorsey, descended Mr. James McEvoy, Dr. Frank Martin,
Augustus W. Martin, Mrs. Dr. Mills, and Miss Fannie Martin, des-
cendants of Dr. Samuel B. Martin, the " old defender," and his wife
Ruth Dorsey Hawkins.

The Hawkins, of Queenstown, sent down a judge of the provincial
court in 1700, and a surveyor-general of customs. T||irough the
Fosters and Lowes, they were connected with Lord \Charles) Balti-
more, the Lloyds, De Courseys, Marshes, Tilghmans and Chambers.

"Very interesting memorial remains," says Davis, "are now in
possession of the vestry of Centreville, showing a massive piece of
silver plate in excellent preservation."

HENRY HAWKINS.

An interesting case in Chancery gives us a view of some of our

y early fathers. The case is an inquiry to ascertain the owner of

f\ "Nathaniel Point," in Talbot County, on Wye River. Colonel Ed-

' ■ ward Lloyd called a commisison of Mr. William Coursey to take

depositions, and Captain John Davis gave this record:

44 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

"Mr. John Scott told me that a certain bachelor's tree, up on
the road passing through ' Nathaniel Point ' got its name from the
sale of said point by Mr. Nathaniel Cleeve to Mr. Henry Hawkins
for a case of spirits. Upon the delivery of the goods, Mr. Henry
Hawkins, Mr. Nathaniel Cleeve, Wm. Jones, Henry Catlin and four
others, all bachelors, under that tree consumed the whole case of
spirits and at the conclusion of the feast, Mr. Cleeve before all, pub-
licly expressed his entire satisfaction with the bargain.

Mr. Henry Hawkins held the tract, and delivered it over to his
kinsman. Colonel Philemon Lloyd, whose son was the party to the
Inquisition. This transfer was confirmed by three of the bachelor
party.

HENRY CATLIN.

This Commissioner and neighbor of Edward Lloyd, was a Justice
and Burgess of Virginia. He was also an active supporter of the
Independent Church in Virginia. He came up in 1649, bringing
" his wife Jane and his son," (stepson), presumably Richard Horner.
He did not remain long, but, in 1661, assigned his estate to Matthew
Howard, who resurveyed it as " Howards Inheritance."

JAMES MERRYHAN.

A neighbor of Henry Catlin, and a member of Lloyd's first com-
missioners, James Merryman, in 1662, assigned his certificate for
five hundred acres to John Browne, of New England. He left no
will, or other records. The Merrymans, of Hayfield, may thus des-
cend.

John Browne held this grant and assigned it to James Rigbie,
who sold to Colonel Nicholas Greenberry.

THOMAS MEERES.

Thomas Meeres was an important member of the Virginia As-
sembly before coming up to be one of Lloyd's council. He was
high in the church. He was an active participant in the Severn
contest and was upon the committee which arrested Governor Fen-
dall. He was a Justice of Anne Arundel, in 1657, and a delegate to
restore the records in 1658.

His will of 1674, shows him a man of means. His daughter,
Sarah Homewood, son John, and wife EHzabeth shared each one-
third of his estate. To the latter was given his "jewels, plate, bills,
and bonds."

John married Sarah, daughter of Philip Thomas. One daughter,
Sarah, was their only heir. She became Mrs. John Talbott. They
sold "Pendenny" to Captain John Worthington. This^iract was
Captain Worthington's homestead, just opposite the Naval Academy.
It was also the homestead of Commander Edward Lloyd, who as-
signed it to Thomas Meeres, who made the Quaker Society the final
court of resort, in case of any dispute of his will.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 45

The will of John Meeres left "lands bequeathed by my father,
Thomas Meeres, adjoining brother-in-law John Homewood," to
daughter Sarah Talbott. «,■ .^.v^ 'wj

He left legacies to the children of his sister-in-law, Elizabeth
Coale, and referred to his brother-in-law, Samuel Thomas.

HOMEWOOD.

James, John and Thomas Homewood were all upon the Magothy.
James was Commissioner under Edward Lloyd, in 1650.

John Homewood was a later Commissioner of Anne Arundel,
His wife, Sarah Homewood, was a daughter of Thomas Meeres.
She again became the wife of John Bennett, a Commissioner to lay
out Annapolis in 1694. She was the legatee of Henry Howard, in
1683, who gave her "a seal ring with a coat of arms, and a hooked
ring with the initials F. C."

John Homewood and Henry Howard were intimate friends.

Both were legatees of John Pawson, of the city of York, Eng-
land, who, in 1677, also named his friend, Dr. Stockett, in his list
of legatees. The Worthingtons and Homewoods were united in
marriage still later.

CAPTAIN GEORGE PUDDINGTON.

Honored as one of the first Commissioners under Edward Lloyd
and unanimously named as one of the first legislators of 1650, Captain
George Puddington took at once a foremost place in the new county.

Of his wife, the following record from the Virginia Magazine of
History, is of interest: "Colonel Obedience Robins, of "Cherry-
stone," born 1601, was a member, in 1632, of the first County Court
of Accomac, and was a brother of Edward, merchant of Accomac.
His name and associations seem to indicate that he was of Puritan
affinities. His wife was the widow of Edward Waters, of Bermuda.
When a girl of sixteen, Grace O'Neil arrived at the Bermudas in
the ship " Diana." Becoming Mrs Waters, they removed to Eliza-
beth City, now Hampton, where their first son, William, was born.
He became an active citizen of Northampton. Upon the death of
Edward Waters, the widow became the wife of Colonel Obedience
Robins. Jane, the wife of George Puddington, a member of the
Maryland Assembly, from Anne Arundel County in 1650, was a
sister-in-law of Colonel Obedience Robins."

Captain Puddington took up " Puddington Harbor," " Pudding-
ton Gift," and "West Puddington."

In 1667, he was an associate justice of Anne Arundel. He left
no son. His will was probated by Colonel William Burgess, in 1674.

Captain Edward Burgess, named for his grandfather. Colonel
Edward Robins, was Captain Puddington's residuary legatee. The
sons-in-law of Captain Puddington were Ex-SherifT Robert Franck-
lyn; Hon. Richard Beard, the surveyor; and grandson Neal Clarke.

46 FouNDEES OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

All named in his will as follows: "son-in-law Robert Francklyn; to
each of my son Richard Beard's children; to each of my grandson
Neal Clark's children; to George Burgess, William Burgess and Sus-
anna, children of Captain William Burgess, legacies. My loving
wife Jane, and Edward Burgess the rest of my estate."

PHILIP THOMAS.

With his wife Sarah Harrison and three children, Philip, Sarah
and Elizabeth, Philip Thomas came from Bristol, England, in 1651.
He was granted five hundred acres, " Beckley," on the west of the
Chesapeake.

To this he added "Thomas Towne," "The Plains" and "Phihp's
Addition." On this he erected his homestead, "Lebanon," a view
of which is still preserved. On his lands stands Thomas Point Light-
house.

His neighbor was Captain Wm. Fuller, the provincial leader.
With him, Edward Lloyd, Richard Preston, Samuel Withers went
to St. Leonards, and delivered up the captured records. With this
act he gave up political adventures and joined the Society of Friends,
under George Fox. The Quaker Society was made the final court
to settle his estate.

This estate was claimed by his son, Samuel Thomas, through a
verbal will which Edward Talbott, his brother-in-law resisted. The
question was finally decided by the Society in favor of all the heirs.

Sarah Thomas, the English born daughter, married John Meeres;
Elizabeth became the third wife of William Coale, and still later
the wife of Edward Talbott; Martha became Mrs. Richard Arnold.

Samuel Thomas — Mary Hutchins, of Calvert, whose mother was
Elizabeth Burrage. Their daughter Sarah — Joseph Richardson;
Elizabeth — Richard Snowden, son of Richard and Mary (Linthicum)
Snowden; John Thomas — Elizabeth, daughter of Richard and Eliza-
beth (Coale) Snowden; Samuel Thomas — Mary, daughter of Richard
and Elizabeth (Coale) Snowden; Ann Thomas — Edward Fell, of
England.

Philip Thomas, eldest son of Samuel and Mary Thomas — first
Francis Holland, leaving a son William Thomas; second, Ann,
daughter of Samuel Chew and Mary his wife. Their issue were
Samuel, Philip, Mary, Elizabeth — Samuel Snowden, Richard —
Deborah Hughes; John Thomas resided at West River, wrote poetry
and was President of the Maryland" Senate. He married Sarah,
third davighter of Dr. Wm. Murray — Anne: Philip, John and Sarah.
Samuel, eldest son of Philip and Ann Chew Thomas, removed to
Perry Point in the Susquehannah, and married his cousin Mary,
daughter of Samuel and Mary Snowden Thomas; issue, Ann, Philip,
Saml. Richard Snowden, John Chew and Evan William. Samuel
was a minister of Friends, and married Anna, daughter of Dr. Chas.
Alexander Warfield: Evan William — Martha Gray: John Chew, 4th,

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 47

son of Samuel, and Mary Thomas resided at Fairland, Anne Arundel:
was member of Congress, in 1799, and took part in the election of
President, in which three days and thirty-five ballots were required
to select Thomas Jefferson. He married Mary, daughter of Richard
and Eliza (Rutland) Snowden, of Fairland.

Having married an heiress and becoming a large slave holder,
he lost his membership in the Quaker church, which he only regained
by manumitting one hundred slaves. He sold his homestead for
$50,000.

The Thomas family, of Maryland, has already been fully traced
in the Thomas Book. Some descendants will be found more fully
in this work, in the biographical sketches of three governors of Mary-
land representing different branches of Philip Thomas' descendants.

FAMILIES CONNECTED WITH GOVERNOR FENDALL.

Governor Fendall's official life has already been noted. He
closed his life as a Marylander and left a distinguished line. His
son Colonel John Fendall, of "Clifton Hall," born 1672, married
Elizabeth Hanson, widow of William Marshall.

Benjamin Fendall, "of Potomack," born 1708, married Eleanor
Lee, daughter of Philip Lee and Sarah (Brooke). After her death,
he married Priscilla Hawkins, widow of John and daughter of Alex-
ander Magruder. His daughter, Sarah Fendall, was the beautiful
wife of Colonel Thomas Contee, of "Brookefield." This estate was
originally the homestead of Major Thomas Brooke, who received
many thousand acres on the west side of the Patuxent. His initials,
T. B., cut on a boundary stone, gave the name to the village "T. B."

The village of Nottingham stands on a portion of his grant.

In 1660, Major Thomas Brooke was commissioned major of the
Colonial forces. His vessel brought over many settlers. In 1673,
he became a member of the General Assembly. He married, in
1659, Eleanor Hatton, daughter of Hon. Richard Hatton, of London,
whose children came with their uncle, Hon. Thomas Hatton, of the
Council. He fell in the battle of the Severn in 1655. "Brooke-
field" descended to his son, Thomas, whose mother married Henry
Darnell, of "The Woodyard," land commissioner under Lord Balti-
more, his brother-in-law.

Mary Darnall, at fifteen, became the wife of Charles Carroll,
attorney-general for Lord Baltimore. Their son, Charles Carroll, Jr.,
was the father of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. Major Thomas
-^Brooke and wife were Catholics. Clement Brooke, the son, married
Jane Sewall, daughter of Major Nicholas Sewall, and Susanna,
daughter of Colonel William Burgess. Elizabeth Brooke, of Clement,
became the mother of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton.

Colonel Thomas Brooke, of "Brookefield," was repeatedly
elected to the General Assembly, and a member of his lordship's

48 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Council, becoming, in 1720, president of that body. He belonged
to the Church of England. His second wife was Barbara Dent,
daughter of Colonel Thomas Dent and Rebecca Wilkinson, his wife,

Sarah Brooke married Phihp Lee, of "Blenheim" — Issue: Richard
Lee, of " Blenheim," and Thomas Lee, father of Governor Thomas
Sim Lee, whose son, John Lee, gave the name to another, and later
governor of Maryland, John Lee Carroll, of "Doughoregan Manor."
Governor Fendall's descendants are traced in "The Bowies and
Their Kindred."

CAPTAIN THOMAS TODD.

V^

Thomas Todd passed his youth in England. He patented land
in Ehzabeth City, Virginia, in 1647. The "Rent Rolls" of Anne
Arundel show, that Thomas Todd, shipwright, surveyed a lot "on
ye south side of ye Severn River." It was a portion of the present
city of Annapolis. There was a contest in Chancery over the title
to this survey. It was decided against him, yet Lancelot Todd, of
Baltimore County, in 1718, sold it to Bordley and Bladen. Thomas
Todd resided there, in 1657; he was appointed, by Governor Fen-
dall, one of the justices of Anne Arundel.

The mansion of Charles Carroll, of Annapolis, was built upon
his survey.

Thomas Todd took up lands on Fells Point, Baltimore County,
and later patented land, including some seven hundred acres on the
Eastern Shore. He is supposed to have been the son of Robert
Todd, of York County, Virginia, in 1642.

-'" In 1664, Thomas Todd located at North Point. He also held
an estate, "Toddsbur}'^," in Gloucester County. Virginia, still held
by his descendants. In 1674-5, he was a Burgess in the Assembly
of Maryland, from Baltimore County. He married Ann Gorsuch,
daughter of Rev. John Gorsuch, rector of Walkham, Herfordshire,
whose wife was Ann, daughter of Sir William Lovelace. Her brother
Charles Gorsuch married Ann Hawkins, as shown by the West River
Quaker records.

Thomas Todd, before sailing for England, with eighty-seven
hogsheads of tobacco from his plantation, wrote a letter to his son,
Thomas, of "Toddsbury," Virginia, saying: "All my desire is to
see you before I go, for I fear I shall never see you, as I am very
weak and sick. I want some good cider to keep me alive, which I
suppose you have enough of. We intend to set sail to-morrow, if
it be a fair wind." He died at sea. His will was probated in Balti-
more, Annapolis and Virginia. His widow, Ann married David
Jones. Her son, James Todd, married a daughter of Mountenay,
and upon their estate was started the City of Baltimore.

Thomas Todd, 3rd, who styled himself "The Younger," was
the inheritor of " " North Point," and the father of Thomas Todd;

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, 49

4th, and Robert Todd, to whom he left his large estate. The old
homestead, that has always been owned by Thomas Todd, de-
scended to Thomas Todd, 4th. He married Eleanor Dorsey, of
" Hockley," They left a son Thomas, and four daughters, Eleanor,
Elizabeth, Francis and Mary. The first three inherited "Shawan
Hunting Ground," a beautiful estate adjoining Worthington Valley.
Mary Todd inherited "Todds Industry," and other tracts upon the
Patapsco. She married John Worthington; Elizabeth Todd — John
Cromwell; Eleanor — John Ensor; Francis — George Risteau; Mrs.
Eleanor Todd — 2nd WiHiam Lynch. Their daughter, Deborah —
Samuel Owings, Jr., of Owings Mills.

Thomas Todd, 5th, left sons, WilHam, Dr. Christopher, Bernard>
George and Thomas.

Mr. Thomas Bernard Todd, the present owner of " North Point,"
president of the school board of Baltimore County, descends from
Bernard Todd.

Lancelot Todd, neighbor of Cornelius Howard, in his will of
1690, named "his kinsman Lancelot Todd."

The latter married Elizabeth, daughter of Mary Rockhold.
Their two danghters were Ruth Dorsey, wife of Michael, and Sarah
Dorsey, wife of Edward.

As Lancelot, Jr., sold the surveys taken by Captain Thomas
Todd at Annapolis, he must have been the heir of James Todd, an
important man in the early days of Baltimore. See case in Chancery,
wherein Daniel Dulany, attorney-general for the Proprietary, enters
suit against Edmund Jennings, who married the widow of Thos.
Bordley, for the restoration of grant bought by Bordley and Larkins,
from Lancelot Todd, representative of Thomas Todd, the surveyor.
It is a very interesting review of the title to the site of Annapolis.

COLONEL WILLIAM BURGESS.

Two of the South River settlers from Virginia, were brothers-
in-law and neighbors.

They were Colonel William Burgess and Richard Beard. Their
wives were thus recorded in the Virginia Magazine of History : " Ed-
ward Robins, born in England 1602, came to Virginia in the bark
Thomas, in 1615. He was of Northampton, now Accomac County,
and built "Newport House," now Eyreville. His daughter Eliza-
beth married William Burgess, of Maryland. His daughter Rachel
married Richard Beard." — (Standard, Vol. 8.)

After William Stone, of Northampton, became the first Protes-
tant governor. Beard and Burgess removed to Maryland. The next
record from the same source mistakes the son for the father, when
it states: "Beard made the first map of Annapolis." It was Richard
Beard, Jr., surveyor of Anne Arundel, who made the map. His
father died in 1675, before Annapolis had been named. William
Burgess began, at once, his commanding career. In 1655, he was

50 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

one of the Council of War to condemn Governor Stone, — the very
man he had followed to Maryland,

In 1657, he was named, first by Governor Josias Fendall, a
commissioner and associate justice of the new County of Anne Arun-
del. Declining to take the necessary oath, on the groimd it was not
lawful to swear, his plea was rejected and another name was sub-
stituted. In 1660, when Governor Fendall had been banished, and
Philip Calvert had succeeded him, William Burgess sent in a peti-
tion reviewing his former refusal to take the oath, and ascribing it
to the influence of ill-advised friends. He announced his deter-
mination, henceforth, to devote his remaining days to the service
of the proprietary. His petition was favorably received and he was
set free without fine or trial.

In 1661, he was placed in command of the South River Rangers,
and was ordered to send all Indian prisoners to St. Mary's for trial.
In 1663, he was placed at the head of the Anne Arundel Commission-
ers.

In 1664, he was high sheriff of Anne Arundel. Upon receiving
orders to go against the Indians, he named his successor. Major Rich-
ard Ewen, from whose family he had taken his second wife.

In 1665, Charles Calvert, son of Lord Baltimore, having suc-
ceeded his uncle Philip, honored William Burgess in the following
commission :

Captain William Burgess,

Greeting, — Whereas, Diverse Forraing Indians have of late
committed divers murthers upon our people, I have thought fitt to
raise a sufficient number of men. Now know ye that I reposing
especial confidence in your fidelity, courage and experience in
martial affaires, have constituted, ordained and appointed you
Commander-in-Chief of all forces raised in St. Maries, Kent, Charles,
Calvert and Anne Arundel Counties.

Given under my hand, 34th year of his Lordship's Dom., 1665.

Charles Calvert.

Then follow instructions for the campaign.

Major Thomas Brooke was ordered "to raise forty men and
march to Captain William Burgess, in Anne Arundel, there to receive
orders from him as Commander-in-Chief. Ordered that Captain
William Burgess raise by presse, or otherwise, thirty men with arms
and ammunition to proceed according to former orders."

Charles Calvert.

Some Seneca Indians had killed several English settlers in Anne
Arundel. The following reward was offered: "One hundred arms
length of Roan Oake, for bringing in a cenego prisoner, or both of
his ears, if he be slain." In 1675, Colonel William Burgess and
Colonel Samuel Chew were ordered to go against the Indians on the
Severn.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 51

In 1679, it was ordered, "That Colonel Burgess supply Balti-
more County with twenty men from Anne Arundel, for the defense
of that county."

In 1681, Robert Proctor, from his town on the Severn, Thomas
Francis, from South River and Colonel Samuel Lane, from the same
section, all wrote urgent letters stating that the Indians had killed
and wounded both negroes and English men "at a plantation of
Major Welsh's," and "had attempted to enter the houses of Mr.
Mareen Duvall and Richard Snowden."

Major Francis wrote, and Colonel Nicholas Gassaway added:
" I have but nineteen men of all the Coll Troope, and cann gett noe
more — men are sick, and of them half have noe ammunition, nor
know where to gett it. There is such a parcell of Coll. Burges foote
Company in the like condition for ammunition. The head of the
River will be deserted, if we leave them, and they have no other
reliefe. Wee marched in the night to the releife. Major Lane sent
to our releife about thirty foote more, but we have noe orders but
to Range and Defend the Plantations, which we shall doe to the
best of our skill, and I suppose, if Baltimore County wants assist-
ance that at this time it cannot be well supply ed from Anne Arundel;
we have stood to our Arms all night and need enough. Just now
more news of three families robbed at Seavern.

Your humble servts.,

Tho. Francis, Nich. Gassaway."

Major Samuel Lane wrote: "The county of Anne Arrundll at
this time is in Create danger. Our men marched all Monday night,
the greatest part of South River had been most cutt off. Wee want
Ammunition exceedingly, and have not where-with-all to furnish half
our men. I hope your Ldpp. will dispatch away Coll. Burges with
what Ammunition may be thought convenient. I shall take all the
care that lyeth in me, but there comes daily and hourely Complaints
to me that I am wholly Imployed in the Country's Service.

In haste with my humble service,
Sept. 13th, 1681. Samuel Lane."

Robert Proctor wrote that Mr. Edward Dorsey had come to
him very late in the night, with the news of robberies by the Indians
upon the Severn.

Upon such information, followed the decisive order to Colonel
WilHam Burgess and Colonel Thomas Tailler, "to fight, kill, take,
vanquish, overcome, follow and destroy them."

Colonel Taylor commanded the horse, Colonel Burgess the foot,
and both were Protestants.

From that date on to 1682, Colonel Burgess was a delegate to
the Lower House; from 1682 to his death in 1686, he was in the
Upper House. He was upon many committees.

52 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

His epitaph is a most remarkable condensation of his eventful
life. It reads:

" Here lyeth the body of Wm. Burgess,

Esq., who departed this life on ye

24th of January, 1686,

Aged 64 years: leaving his

Dear beloved wife, Ursula and eleven

children, viz. : seven sons and four daughters,

And eight grand-children.

In his life-time, a member of

His Lordship's Deputy Governors;

A Justice of ye High Provincial Court;

Colon of a regiment of Trained Bands:

And sometimes General of all ye

Military Forces of this Province.

His loving wife, Ursula, his executrix

In testimony of her true respect,

And due regard to the worthy

Deserts of her dear deceased

Husband, hath erected this monument."

The historian, Geo. L. Davis, says of Colonel Burgess:

"He was himself, through his son Charles, the ancestor of the
Burgesses of Westphalia; through his daughter, Susannah, of the
Sewalls of Mattapany-Sewalls, closely allied to Lord Charles Balti-
more; through his granddaughter, Ursula, of the Davises of Mt.
Hope, who did not arrive from Wales before 1720; and through a
still later line, of the Bowies of Prince George."

Colonel Burgess left an exceedingly intelligent will of entail;
naming his sons and daughters, Edward, George, William, John,
Joseph, Benjamin, Charles, Elizabeth, Susannah, Anne. I give to
my Sonne William my message land where I now dwell, near South
River, together with eighteen hundred acres adjoining, which I pur-
chased of George Westall, and one part whereof is a Town appointed
called London, provided my wife, Ursula, shall live there until my
son is of age. I give unto Wilham, all of "Betty's Choice," in Balto,
Co., near Col. Geo. Wells, containing 480 acres. I give to my sonne,
John Burgess, four tracts, "Morley's Lott," " Bednall's Green,"
" Benjamin's Choice," and " Benjamin's Addition," lying near Her-
ring Creek, some 800 acres. I give to my sonne, Joseph, lands
purchased of Richard Beard, near South River, called "West Pud-
dington," and "Beard's Habitation," 1300 acres. I give to my
sonne Benjamin, a tract, " Bessington," near the Ridge, also "Bur-
gess Choice," near South River. I give to my sonne, Charles, a
tract, purchased of Vincent Lowe, at the head of Sasafras Hiver,
of 1600 acres, and another of Vincent Lowe, on the SusquehaVinah,
of 500 acres; provided, if any should die before attaining agei then
every such tract shall descend to the eldest then living. I give
all the rest of my estate, here or in England, to my dear wife, Ursula,

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 53

at pleasure, and she shall have the care of the education of my child-
ren and the use of their portions. I desire that she shall be my
executrix, with my friends Major Nicholas Sewall, Major Nicholas
Gassaway and Captain Henry Hanslap, as supervisors, and to each
of them I grant ^5. William Burgess, (seal.)

His sons, Edward and George, had been provided for before his
will. His daughters received ^300 in money, plate and other
personals.

His seal-ring of gold was willed to his daughter, Susannah, wife
of Major Nicholas Sewall. She was the daughter of Colonel Burgess, t
by Mrs. Richard Ewen. Colonel Burgess bore arms, as the existing
impression of his seal reveals, of a family of Truro, in Cornwall, but
was akin to the Burgesses of Marlborough, Wilts County. (Or a
fesse chequy, or, and gules, in chief, three crosses, crosslet fitchie
of the last.)

Except Charles Burgess, of Westphalia, who married a daughter
of Captain Henry Hanslap, the succeeding Burgess name was alone
handed down by Captain Edward Burgess, the son who came up
from Virginia with him. John and Joseph died early; Benjamin,
under the will, claimed their estates, but finally compromised with
Captain Edward. Benjamin sold his whole estate and went to Eng-
land. George, after holding the office of High Sheriff, joined his
wife Catherine, the widow Stockett, in deeding all their estate, and
removed to Devon County, England. >

Ann — Thomas Sparrow, and died the same year. Jane Sewall
of Major Nicholas and Susannah Burgess — Clement Brooke, son of
Major Thomas. Their daughter, Elizabeth Brooke, became the
mother of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. William Burgess, Jr.,
inherited the homestead; he married Ann (Watkins) Lord, daughter
of John Watkins, the stepson of Commander Edward Lloyd. Bur-
gess' will left 1,000 acres in Baltimore County to his wife's children
by her former husband, Mr. Lord.

His mother became the wife of Dr. Mordecai Moore, and re-
mained upon the homestead, near Londontown, until her death,
in 1700. She was the heir of Nicholas Painter, long clerk of the
Council, whose will left a large estate to her children. She was
buried by the side of Colonel Burgess.

Captain Edward Burgess, was in the life-time of his father,
commissioner for opening the port of Londontown; justice of the
Provincial Court and "Captain of the Foote." He was the executor
and heir of Captain George Puddington.

The Chew genealogy records: "Sarah, daughter of Samuel
Chew, of John of Chewtown, married a Burges." She was the wife
of Captain Edward Burgess, whose oldest son, Samuel, was named
for Samuel Chew. Captain Burgess' will left his estate to his sons
Samuel and John, having already deeded lands to his daughter,
Mrs. Margaret Ware and Mrs. Elizabeth Nicholson. Mrs. Sarah
Burgess, his widow, left hers to " my daughters Ann White, Sarah

54 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Gaither and Susannah Richardson." Benjamin Gaither, her son-in-
law, was made executor. Samuel Burgess (of Captain Edward),
married Mrs. Elizabeth Durbin. Issue, Edward, Benjamin and
Elizabeth.

John Burgess (of Captain Edward) married, first Jane Mackle-
fresh (of David). Issue, William, Benjamin, Samuel, Sarah, Ann
and Susannah.

y-^' He married second, in 1733, Matilda Sparrow. Issue, John,
Joseph, Edward, West and Caleb Burgess, all revolutionary patriots,
whose history belongs to Howard County.

Upon the homestead tract of the late General George Stewart,
of South River, is the original site of Colonel William Burgess' home;
from which, upon a commanding hill, may be seen his tombstone,
quoted above. Surrounding General Stewart's home are massive
oaks, which bear the imprint of ages. Upon this site, too, stood
the home of Anthony Stewart, of the "Peggy Stewart," who came
into possession of Colonel Burgess' home tract, which later passed
into General Stewart's possession. The two families, with similar
names claim no relation to each other. The road leading past the
historic place and on to All Hallows Church, about three-fourths of
a mile west, is the same over which General Washington passed from
Annapolis to Mt. Vernon, in 1783. Along this road are yet to be
seen wayside oaks, that reveal the remarkable richness of this South
River section, when occupied by our early settlers.

Along this road, beautiful views of the broad South River may
be enjoyed.

Between Colonel Burgess' homestead and his Londontown tract,
there still stands a well-preserved old brick homestead, with massive
chimneys and steep roof. It is within sight of the Alms House upon
the southern bank of South River. I have not found its builder.

All of the property passed through Colonel Burgess and his son,
William Burgess, Jr., to Mrs. Ursula Moore, wife of Dr. Mordecai
Moore. From that family, through recorded transfers, it may be
traced to the present owners. The most of it is now in the estate of
General George Stewart, whose linage has been clearly traced to
Kenneth, 2nd, the first Scottish king.

Colonel Burgess' son-in-law. Major Nicholas Sewall, son of Hon.
Henry Sewall, of "Mattepany," was a member of the Council from
1684 to 1689. His sons were Charles and Henry. Elizabeth
Sewall, widow of the latter, married Hon. William Lee, of the Council,
and became mother of Thomas Lee, father of Governor Thomas Sim
Lee.

Nicholas, son of Henry and Elizabeth Sewall, married Miss
Darnall, of " Poplar Hill," Prince George County.

Their descendants were: Hon. Nicholas Lewis Sewall, of "Cedar
Point," member of the convention for ratification of the Constitu-
tion of United States; and Robert Darnall Sewall, of "Poplar Hill.'^

This was a part of the famous " Woody ard," the house of Colonel
Henry Darnall of 1665, whose brother, John Darnall, held " Port-

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 55

land Manor/' in Anne Arundel. Colonel Henry Darnall's daughter,
Eleanor, became the wife of Clement Hill. Eleanor Brooke Darnall,
of the "Woodyard," was the mother of Archbishop John Carroll^
and Mary Darnall, of "The Woodyard," became the wife of Charles
Carroll, of Carrollton. Robert Darnall, grandson of Colonel Henry,
lost all the magnificent estate except "Poplar Hill," about eight
hundred arces, which came into possession of the Sewalls, through
the marriage above mentioned. — (Thomas.)

Lady Baltimore, wife of Charles Lord Baltimore, and widow
of Hon. Henry Sewall, was the danghter of Vincent Lowe and Anne
Cavendish, of London, and a sister of Colonel Vincent Lowe, of
Maryland.

Her daughter, Jane Sewall, became the wife of Hon. Philip
Calvert, and her daughter Elizabeth, married second Colonel Wm.
Digges, member of the Maryland Council, son of Governor Edward
Digges, of Virginia. Colonel Digges was in command at St. Mary's,
when compelled to surrender to Captain John Coode's revolutionary
forces in 1689. He later removed to "Warburton Manor," nearly
opposite to Mt. Vernon.

It was in the garrison of Mattapany, a large brick mansion, the
property of Lady Baltimore, descending to her son, Colonel Nicholas
Sewall, where Governor Calvert had erected a fort, that his forces
retired when attacked by Coode; and it was there that the formal
articles of surrender were prepared.

The house and property of the proprietary were confiscated,
but came back to the possession of the Sewalls in 1722, by a grant
from the second Charles Lord Baltimore, to Nicholas Sewall, son of
the original proprietor, and so remained until the present century.

There are on record, at Annapolis, the wills of two residents of
Wilts County, England, viz: Anthony Goddard, of Suringden, of
Wilts, England, in 1663, left "to William Burgess, of Anne Arundel,
his entire estate, in trust for Hester Burgess, of Bristol, England.
Joseph Burgess, of Wilts, in 1672, named his brother, William and
others. Our records show that Colonel Burgess, of Anne Arundel
County, settled the estate.

EDWARD DORSEY.

In the Land Office of Annapolis, may be seen the following
warrant, which explains ilself:

"Warrant MDCL, granted to Edward Dorsey, of Anne Arundel
Co., for 200 acres of land, which he assigns as followeth; as also
200 acres more, part of a warrant for 400 acres, granted John Nor-
wood and the said Dorsey, dated XXIII of Feb., MDCLI. Know
all men by these presents that I, Edward Dorsey, of the County of
Anne Arundel, boatwright, have granted, bargained and sold, for
a valuable consideration, already received, all my right, title, in-
terest of and in a warrant for 200 acres, bearing date 1650, and
also 200 acres more, being half of a warrant of 400 acres — the one

56 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

half belonging to Captain Norwood, bearing date, 1651, both of
which assigned to George Yate. — Edward Dorsey, Sealed."

Signed in the presence of Cornelius Howard, John Howard, Oct.
22nd, MDCLXVII, (1667).

That same year the same Edward Dorsey assigned to Cornelius
Howard, his right for land for transporting seven persons into the
province. Edward Dorsey and Thomas Manning held a certificate
from Thomas Marsh, for 600 acres adjoining Captain Norwood.
"Norwood's Fancy," held by Captain Norwood, was near Round
Bay. " Dorsey," held by Edward Dorsey, gave the name to " Dor-
sey's Creek," upon which was located Thomas Gates, whose will of
1659, reads: " I give to Michael Bellott and John Holloway my plan-
tation. I desire that they give to Edward Dorsey's children free out-
let to the woods and spring as formally I have given them." The
following transfer, of 1668, further locates the above testator: "George
Yate, 1668, assigned to Colonel Edward Dorsey, sixty acres called
"Dorsey," on the south side of the Severn, on Dorsey's Creek, run-
ning to a cove called Freeman's, then up said cove to Captain John
Norwood's, then bounding on a line of a place formally held by
Thomas Gates."

Colonel Edward Dorsey, son and heir of Edward Dorsey, the
immigrant, held this tract of "Dorsey" during life. It was sold by
his widow, Margaret, the wife of John Israel, in 1706, to Wm. Bladen,
of Annapolis. The following record is taken from " Our Early
Settlers." — A list of our early arrivels up to 1680.

" Robert Bullen demands lands for bringing over a number of
passengers, amongst whom was Edward Dorsey, in 1661."

The same record adds, " Aug. 25th, 1664, patented to him, John
and Joshua Dorsey, a plantation called " Hockley-in-the-Hole," four
hundred acres."

In 1683, this land was resurveyed for John Dorsey, and found
to contain 843 acres. 400 acres first surveyed being old rents
remaining new, whole now in the possession of Caleb Dorsey.

Such is the record of "Hockley" upon our Rent Rolls, at
Annapolis.

Among the restored records, collected by a commission, Hon.
Wm. Holland, president, Samuel Young, Captain Richard Jones and
Mr. John Brice, appointed after the fire of 1704, to renew the land
records then destroyed, is the following :

"Came 1707, Mr. Caleb Dorsey, of Hockley, and petitioned the
honorable members to have the following recorded:

"To all Christian people to whom this writing shall come, be
heard, read, or seen, I, Edward Dorsey, of the County of Anne
Arundel, son and heir of the late Edward Dorsey, gentleman, de-
ceased, for the consideration of 24,000 pounds of good merchant-
able tobacco, transfer my right in a tract of land called " Hockley-
in-the-Hole," granted to Edward, Joshua and John Dorsey, in 1664,
to my brother, John Dorsey, and I further covenant to guarantee
his right to said land against any demand that may descend from

Founders of Anne Akundel and Howard Counties. 57

my said father, Edward Dorsey, for or by reason of any right due
to him in his hfe time, or by reason of any survey by him made, or
warrant returned, or for any other reason of any other matter."
After his signature, fully attested, follows a deed from Joshua Dor-
sey, for his right in said tract for a consideration of 8,000 pounds
of tobacco, to his brother, John Dorsey. After which, also, John
Dorsey petitioned for a resurvey and increased it to 842 acres. The
date of Edward Dorsey 's transfer was 1681. He states that his
father, who was living in 1667, was then dead.

Edward Dorsey, the last mentioned, in 1679 and 1685, was
recorded one of the justices of Anne Arundel. His name was written
both Darcy and Dorsey.

From 1680 to 1705, Major Dorsey was in every movement look-
ing to the development of the colony. From 1694 to 1696 he was
Judge of the High Court of Chancery, during which time he was
commissioned to hold the Great Seal, In 1694, he was a member
of the House of Burgesses for Anne Arundel, and from 1697 to his
death, in 1705, was a member from Baltimore County (now Howard).
He was one of the subscribers and treasurer of the fund for building
St. Anne's church, and a free school for the province also received
his aid. He signed the protestant address from Baltimore County
to the King's most gracious Majestie, upon the succession of King
William III — an appeal in behalf of Charles Lord Baron of Balti-
more, whose proprietary government had been wrested from the
family through the influence of Captain John Coode. Though a
Protestant, he was found in support of a government which left
religious faith untouched.

Mrs. Potter Palmer, of Chicago, a descendant, reviewing the
record, writes: "Edward Dorsey and others were joined in the
protestant effort to have Lord Baltimore's government taken from
the hands of the Catholics, and made a Crown Colony under a Pro-
testant governor. They took part in all the movements to that
end, but having been personal friends of Lord Baltimore, and lovers
of justice, after the Protestant government was established, they
joined in a petition to the king to restore Lord Baltimore's lands
to him. The king acted favorably on this petition and did so re-
store these lands, which were enjoyed, with all their private rights,
rents and revenues, by the Baltimores during all the time the govern-
ment was vested in the Crown and the Protestants in power.

" Edward Dorsey would not have been given position and honors
by the royal government had he been against it. He must have
been one of the most influential Protestants in the colony, for the
new capital was taken to his land in Annapolis, and not to that of
William Burgess on the South River, or to that of Nicholas Green-
berry, opposite on Town Neck. He seems to have been the pre-
siding genius on all committees to build the town."

Major Edward Dorsey married, first, Sarah, daughter of Nich-
olas Wyatt, the pioneer surveyor of the Severn, who had come up
from Virginia with his wife, Damaris, and her daughter, Mary, after-

58 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

ward the wife of Major John Welsh. She was the half-sister of
Sarah (Wyatt) Dorsey. Upon "tlie^ death of Nicholas Wyatt, in 1673,
he left a will made in 1671, in which Mrs. Wyatt was made execu-
trix. Upon her subsequent marriage to Thomas Bland, the attorney,
there was a contest in chancery, in which Major Edward Dorsey,
as the representative of his wife, the heir, contended for the admin-
istration of the estate, on the ground of a subsequent revocation
of the will of 1671. From that case in chancery, a view of Nich-
olas Wyatt's neighbors is given.

Captain Cornelius Howard wrote the will, and testified that the
testator did not appear to be in condition at that time, to remember
what he owned. He stated that Richard Warfield and Edward
Dorsey knew more than he did of the revocation. Thomas Bland
asked for a " Commission to Samuel Chew to call before him Captain
Cornelius Howard, Robert Gudgeon, Nicholas Shepherd, Richard
and Ellen Warfield, John Watkins, Mary Evans, Sarah Cooper,
Benjamin Stringer, Guy Meeke, Johanna Sewell, John and Mary
Welsh and Maurice Baker; and that they be cross-examined con-
cerning the revocation, or confirmation of the said deceased." The
case, after an extended discussion by both leading lawyers, in which
Major Dorsey contended that "the heir, not the administrator can
alone make good the warranty," was decided in favor of Major
Dorsey, who administered.

As Major of the Horse, he joined Captain Edward Burgess, in
asking for additional arms and ammunition for defense.

In 1694, Major Dorsey was upon the committee with Major
John Hammond, Hon. John Dorsey, Captain Philip Howard, Major
Nicholas Greenberry and John Bennett, to lay out town lots and a
town common for "the town of Proctor," or Annapolis. In 1705,
he sold a row of houses upon Bloomsbury Square, Annapolis, which
had been entailed to his children, but which, for want of tenants,
had greatly depreciated.

At the time of his death, he was living on "Major's Choice,"
now Howard County. The second wife was Margaret Larkin,
daughter of John Larkin. He left five minors by her. She after-
wards became Mrs. John Israel, and as executrix, sold "Dorsey"
and houses in Annapolis, lately owned by Colonel Edward Dorsey,
her late husband."

Colonel Dorsey's will, of 1705, recorded in Baltimore City and
in Annapolis, reads: "To my son Lacon, my tract "Hockley," on
the Patapsco Falls. To sons Charles, Lacon, Francis and Edward,
my lands on the north side of Patapsco River. (These were deeded
to him by John and Thomas Larkin, 1702). To my beloved wife,
Margaret, my personal estate. To my daughter, Ann, a lot of negroes.
To Joshua, " Barnes Folly." To Samuel, "Major's Choice." To
Nicholas," Long Reach," at Elk Ridge. To Benjamin," Long Reach."
To son John, all the remaining part of "Long Reach" and a lot of
silver spoons, to be delivered at the age of sixteen. All the remain-

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 59

ing portion of my estate to my wife and executrix. — Edward
Dorset. (Seal.) "

Colonel Edward Dorsey's heirs will be found in Howard County
records.

Samuel exchanged with his brother, Joshua, his interest in
"Major's Choice," and held the lands of his mother, upon "Wyatt's
Hill," on the Severn. His wife was Jane Dorsey. Their daughter,
Patience — Samuel Howard, of Philip, in 1740.

After the death of Colonel Dorsey, Samuel contested the sale
of Bloomsbury Square, on the ground that it was entailed property,
and though he was of age at the time of sale, he was not consulted
by his father. The title remained in the purchaser.

JOSHUA DORSEY, OF **HOCKLEY/'

There is but little information obtainable of this middle patentee
of Hockley. After the deed, in 1681, of his interest in Hockley to
his brother, John, he located upon "Taunton," a tract taken up by
Lawrence Richardson and left by him to his sons, one of whom,
Lawrence, Jr., conveyed his interest to Joshua Dorsey. The will of
Lawrence Richardson, in 1666, names his daughter, Sarah. She
later became the wife of Joshua Dorsey, and after his death, the
wife of Thomas Blackwell, who held another tract, " Burnt Wood,"
taken up by Lawrence Richardson. It was assigned by Richardson's
heirs to Wm. Gudgeon, who conveyed it to Thomas Blackwell, and
by him it was conveyed to John Dorsey, only son of Joshua. These
same tracts were conveyed to Amos Garrett by John Dorsey, heir-
at-law of Joshua, in which he recited the above transfers, to him
from his father, Joshua Dorsey, and his father-in-law, Thomas Black-
well. Joshua Dorsey's will, of 1687-8, granted one-third of his es-
tate to his widow, Sarah Dorsey, and made his brothers, Edward
and John, guardians for the education of his son, John Dorsey, to
whom he left his estate. His will further reads:

"To my loving cousin, John Howard, a grey gelding; to cousin
Samuel Howard, two hogsheads of tobacco. I bequeath to my
cousin, Sarah Dorsey, twenty shillings, to buy her a ring."

John and Comfort Dorsey sold the above tracts to Amos Garrett.
Comfort Dorsey was the daughter of Thoinas and Rachel Stimpson.
The latter was the widow of Neale Clarke, and the daughter oi . ^^
Richard and Rachel Beard, of South River. Mrs. Stimpson became ■^^-'"^
later, Mrs. Rachel Killburne, and still later, Mrs. Rachel Freeborne.
John and Comfort Dorsey had issue — John Hammond Dorsey, Vin-
cent, Captain Joshua, Greenberry, Sarah and Venetia Dorsey. John
Hammond, of Cecil County, left his estate, "Success," to John Ham-
mond Dorsey, Vincent Dorsey, Sarah and Venetia, children of
John and Comfort Dorsey, of Joshua. Mrs. Comfort Dorsey, in her
will, named her legatees, "Vincent and John Hammond Dorsey."
To her sons, Joshua and Greenberry, she left one shilling each. " To
John, of Greenberry, a memorial, and to Comfort, of Greenberry,
gold ear rings."

60 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Vincent Dorsey married Sarah Day. His will names, "John,
of Greenberry; also Greenberry and Elizabeth, of John; and Vin-
cent Cromwell."

John Hammond Dorsey, of "Success," married Francis Watkins,
of John. Issue, John Hammond Dorsey, Jr. — Anne Maxwell, whose
daughter, Mary Hammond Dorsey — John Hammond Cromwell, son
of Thomas Cromwell, of Huntingdon, England, whose wife was
Venetia Woolguist, of Wales; yet husband and wife were cousins.
James Maxwell Dorsey, in 1789, married Martha McComas and
removed to Ohio. Issue, Dr. G. Volney Dorsey, of Ohio. Sarah
Dorsey — Alexander Cromwell, in 1735.

John Hammond Cromwell and his brother, Vincent, after the
death of their father, came to Cecil and claimed relationship with
the Cromwells, of Anne Arundel. Vincent Cromwell removed to
Kentucky. The house of John Hammond Cromwell still stands.
Its family cemetery is surrounded with a box hedge six feet high.
The following recent death in that homestead gives an interesting
history of the family. It is quoted from the Baltimore American.
"Elkton, Md., October 20th, 1902.— Mr. Henry B. Nickle, who
was buried last week, at Oxford, Pa., near Cecil County line, was a
descendant of Oliver Cromwell. "Success Farm" was the name of
his homestead. It lies between Susquehanna River and Octararo
Creek, and is a part of Lord Baltimore's Susquehanna Manor, in
Cecil County.

" Henry B. Nickle was a great-grandson of John Hammond
Cromwell, who inherited the farm from his mother, Venetia Crom-
well (nee Dorsey), who inherited it from her mother, Mary Dorsey
(nee Hammond), who inherited it from her father, John Hammond.
Soon after the close of the Revolutionary War, John Hammond
Cromwell, eldest son of Venetia and Woolguist Cromwell, and his
niece, Mary Hammond Dorsey, settled on Success Farm.

" The old mansion stands as originally built by Lord Baltimore,
from whom it was purchased by Lady Lightfoot, and given to her
son, John Hammond. Across the lane, in front of the house, is
the family burying ground, with a shaft in the centre of which are
the names of those buried there: John Hammond Cromwell, 1745-
1819; Mary Hammond Dorsey Cromwell, wife of John Hammond
Cromwell, died 1795; Oliver Cromwell, 1775-1792; Eliza Cromwell,
1789-1796; Ehzabeth Cromwell, 1786-1787; ; Mary Cromwell,
1792-1793; Rebecca Cromwell Wilson, 1708-1806; Benedict Crom-
well, 1780-1806; Lewis Harlen, 1760-1825; Matilda Cromwell, wife
of Lewis Harlen, 1774-1825; Frances Dorsey, died 1820, sister of
John W. Cromwell; J. Cromwell Reynolds, M, D., late a surgeon
in the army of the United States, born February 6, 1810, died Feb-
ruary 20, 1849.

"John Hammond Cromwell, by will, devised money to be
divided among his children to be used in the purchase of mourning
brooches, each to contain some of his hair. The brooches were
made in a design of onyx, inlaid with silver, in the centre of which

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 61

was an oval of braided hair under glass. Mr. Cromwell was wealthy,
entertained largely, and was prominent in politics. He had large
peach orchards, and manufactured peach brandy. In a grove west
of his mansion may be seen the ruins of the old still-house.

"Among the Nickle heirlooms is John Hammond Cromwell's
silver sugar tongs. \ Another is an old fashioned sampler embroidered
by Rebecca Cromwell, August 16, 1796.J1--

Greenberry Dorsey, of John and Comfort — Mary Belt, daughter
of John and Lucy Lawrence, daughter of Benjamin and Elizabeth
Talbott. Issue, John Dorsey and Thomas Edward Dorsey.

Greenberry Dorsey, as heir-at-law of Colonel John Dorsey, who

held " Dorsey's Plains," on the Gunpowder, deeded the same to his

son, Thomas Edward Dorsey, of Harford County. John Dorsey, of

this family — Cassandra Carnan. Their son, Ehsha, of "Dorsey's

Plains," — ^I\lary vSlade, whose son, Nicholas Slade Dorsey-sJIaria

Hance, of Baltimore, descendant daughter of the Hances, of Calvert,

connected with the Dukes, Irelands, Clares and Calverts, of that

county.

^ They were the parents of Rev. Owen Dorsey, late of the In-

terior Department, who collected considerable data of the family.

-^ Captain Joshua Dorsey, of John and Comfort — Flora Fitzim-

'^' mons, and resided in St. Margarets Parish, on the Severn. Their

K children are all recorded in that parish. His widow, in 1784, named

^ her six absent sons, Frederick, a mariner. Peregrine, Greenberry,

Joshua, John and James, granting them a nominal rememberance,

if they be living. To her son Nicholas and her daughters, Providence

Lane and Rebecca Dorsey, she left her estate, "Mascalls Rest."

I have seen a saucer that belonged to Providence Lane. Upon

it is a sea gull on a rock, surrounded by ten stars. It was inherited

— X^y ^^rs. Reuben M. Dorsey, daughter of the Prussian^ Minister, I.

^-^ P. Krafft, who married Eliza Brice, daughter of Providence Lane.

Judge Reuben M. Dorsey, wishing to depart from the old Dorsey

custom of marrying cousins, sought the hand of his wife; but when

he began to study her genealogical record, found that she, too, came

from one of the three Dorsey brothers, who took up Hockley, in

1664. The sons of Judge Dorsey are Dr. Reuben M. Dorsey, of

Baltimore; the late Charles Krafft Dorsey, attorney-at-law; Dr.

Caleb Dorsey, of Baltimore; Phihp Hammond, Nicholas and Frank

Dorsey, of Howard. Phillip Hammond Dorsey married Miss Duvall,

of Anne Arundel County. He holds the homestead.

HON. JOHN DORSEY, OF ^'HOCKLEY/*

Coming into possession of "Hockley," in 1683, Hon. John Dor-
sey married Plesance Ely, who later took up a tract of land on Elk
Ridge, which she named ''The Isle of Ely." In 1694, Hon. John
Dorsey, was a commissioner for the development of Annapolis. He
was upon many important committees during his service in the
Lower House of the Assembly. In 1711, he was advanced to the

62 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Upper House, and there remained until his death, in 1714. Dur-
ing his hfe-time he was a surveyor of a vast estate of valuable lands.
He left an exceedingly intelligent will of entail, which gives a sum-
mary of his large estate. It reads: "My wife, Plesance, is to have
one-third of my estate, and also the choice of my estate on South
River, or my now dwelling place on Elk Ridge. To my grandson,
John Dorsey, son of my son, Edward Dorsey, deceased, my Patuxent
plantation and lands thereunto adjoining, called " Dorsey's Search,"
lying in Baltimore County. If no issue, to go to the three yoimgest
grandchildren of my daughter, Deborah.

"I give to my grandson, Edward Dorsey, son of my son, Ed-
ward Dorsey, deceased, 'Dorsey's Adventure' and 'Whitaker's Pur-
chase' adjoining it. If he leave no issue, then to John, of Edward,
and if he leave none, then, as above, to Deborah's youngest three
children. To my grandsons, Charles and William Ridgely, of Deb-
orah, my tract called 'White Wine and Claret,' south side of the
middle branch of the Patuxent. If they leave no issue, to go to
Martha, Elinor and Edward Clagett.

"I give to my two grandsons, Samuel and Richard, of Caleb,
my son, my plantation on South River, called 'South River Quarter,'
it being the remainder of a tract given to my son, Caleb. In case
of no issue, the same to go to granddaughters, Achsah and Sophia,
of Caleb.

"To grandson, Basil, of Caleb, my plantation on Elk Ridge,
called 'Troy.' If no issue, to my grandsons, John and Caleb, of
Caleb. My son, Caleb, to be my administrator. — John Dorsey.
(Seal)."

Mrs. Plesance Dorsey became Mrs Robert Wainwright. Her
tract, "The Isle of Ely," was sold by her grandson, "Patuxent John
Dorsey," to Basil Dorsey, of Caleb, whose homestead, "Troy Hill,"
was the former residence of Hon. John Dorsey. It is now the
Pfeiffer property, in Howard,

CALEB DORSEY, OF "HOCKLEY/'

Caleb was born at "Hockley," in 1686. In 1704, he married
and came into possession of the whole estate. His wife was Elinor
Warfield, youngest daughter of Richard and Elinor (Browne) War-
fijgld. They lived in the old mansion house, which stood only a few
feet from the railroad, just west of "Best Gate."

On the east, looking toward Annapolis, was the Carroll estate.
On the north was General John Hammond's, in the valley of which,
long after the last relics of his homestead had disappeared, was
found a memorial tablet, which now rests in the grounds of St.
Annes. To the northwest of old Hockley, reaching back to Round
Bay, were the three Howard brothers, — Samuel, Cornelius and John
Howard — running with Hockley branch. On the southwest was
" Todd's Gap," which opened up the way to Lancelot Todd's. Upon
a hill to the south of the mansion, is the old Dorsey burial ground,

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, 63

now succeeded by a later one in the beautiful gardens of new Hockley,
upon the southern border of the estate. Upon the site of the old
coachhouse, the plowshare turned up a silver plate, which was evi-
dently used upon some family carriage. It represents a bended
arm in armor, holding a sheaf of wheat. (This is claimed to be
Eden's arms).

Caleb Dorsey increased his father's estates upon the Severn,
and took up an extensive body of land in what is now Howard County.
It extended from Elk Ridge Landing back to the old brick Church,
upon which he placed his three sons, John, Basil and Caleb of Bel-
mont. Still later, the three sons of Thomas Beale Dorsey, of Caleb,
surveyed a still more valuable estate west of Ellicotts City. In
1732, Caleb Dorsey deeded to his son, Richard, the attorney, the
homestead. After its destruction by fire Richard built upon the
present site, upon the southern border. Caleb Dorsey's will, of 1742,
gives us a view of the extensive farming systems of that period.
"To my sons, Basil, John and Caleb, whom I have sufficiently pro-
vided for, I give £b each. To Richard, Edward and Thomas Beale,
I give twenty head of cattle, and twenty head of sheep, each.

■^ — > To Thomas Beale, the two tracts of land I bought of Thomas
Higgins, after the death of my wife."

A large part of his estate had been deeded to his children through
his trustee, John Beale.

His widow survived him ten years, and in her will, of 1752
named her son Edward, daughter Sophia Gough, grandson Henry
Woodward, goddaughter Mary Todd, goddaughter Elinor Dorsey,
of John. She made her sons, Edward and John Dorsey, her execu-
tors.

Achsah Dorsey, her oldest daughter, married Amos Woodward,
nephew of Amos Garrett, first Mayor of Annapolis.

Henry Woodward was their only son. Their daughters were,
Mary, Elizabeth, Eleanor and Achsah Fotterall.

Henry Woodward married Mary Young, daughter of Colonel
Richard Young, of Calvert County, and Rebecca, his wife. Their
issue were, Rebecca — Philip Rogers; Eleanor — Samuel Dorsey;
Mary — first, Mr. Govane, second, Mr. Owings; Harriet — first. Colonel
Edmund Brice, whose son , James Edmund Brice, was consul to
St. Domingo; second. Colonel Murray.
.--^ Achsah Woodward, of Henry, died young. •

The early death of Henry broke the male line of Amos Wood-
ward. Mrs. Mary (Young) Woodward married, second, John Hes-
silius, the artist, whose portrait of her is now owned by Dr. Wm. G.
Ridout. Her home was "Belfield," upon the Severn. She was a
lady of strong Christian character, interested in the religious move-
ments of the early days of Methodism. She was a member of the
Church of England. "Primrose" was her later home.

Sophia Dorsey, of Caleb, of "Hockley," married Thomas Gough,
of England. Their son, Harry Dorsey Gough, inherited a fortune
from England, "and built 'Perry Hall.' " This has thus been

64 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

described by a Methodist minister: "For the first I saw Perry Hall,
the seat of Harry Dorsey Gough, when we got in sight of the house,
and it could be seen far off. I felt some strange sensations. Ferry
Hall was the largest dwelling house I had ever seen, and all the
arrangements, within and without, were tasteful and elegant; yet
simplicity and utility seemed to be stamped on the whole. The
garden, containing four acres of ground, orchards and everything
else were delightful indeed, and looked to me like an earthly para-
dise. But what pleased me better than anything else, was a neat
chapel attached to the house, with a small cupola and bell that
could be heard all over the farm. In this chapel morning and even-
ing prayers were offered, when the manager and servants from the
farm house and servant's quarters, together with the inhabitants of
the great mansion house, repaired to the chapel, sometimes num-
bering fifty persons at prayers. The whole family, including children,
numbered about one hundred; all seemed to know their duty and
did it. Mr. and Mrs. Gough, (who was Miss Carnan), were con-
verted under Mr. Asbury, and became members of the first Metho-
dist class organized in Baltimore; and Mr. Gough sometimes preached,
though the sect was often times persecuted. At a camp-meeting
near the Belair road, Mr. Gough rode up on horse back, and his
family in a coach drawn by four splendid white horses. Never
before had I seen people in a coach of four to hear a back-woods
preacher, in a log cabin. Our house was too small, and we got up
a subscription for a larger one. When Mr. Gough heard of it he
went to them and said, "Take what you have and build a school-
house for your children, and I will get you a meeting-house." Gen-
eral Ridgely, of " Hampton," Mrs. Gough's brother, gave them an
acre of ground for a meeting-house and a burial ground. Mr. Gough
advanced the money and paid all expenses. He named it "Camp-
Meeting Chapel."

After Mr. Gough's death, Mrs. Gough took up the cross and led
the worship of God in her family. She was a woman of uncommon
fortitude and courage. The very day of the battle of North Point,
I preached to a few old men and some females, among whom was
Mrs. Gough. The report of the guns was very plainly heard while
I was preaching, and the bombs were heard at " Perry Hall," twelve
miles from Baltimore, nearly all night. Mrs. Gough determined to
send away a part of her family, but to stay herself and plead her
own cause. It was in the mouth of eyeryone, ' the prayers of the
good people of Baltimore saved the city.'

"Mrs. Carroll, daughter of Mrs. Gough, was an accomplished
lady, and what is still better an humble Christian. Her end was
most triumphant. Bishop Asbury 's journal notes the following:
' 'Perry Hall' was always hospitably open to visitors.'

"Harry Dorsey Gough's funeral sermon was preached; there
might be two thousand people to hear. My subject was pretty much
a portraiture of Mr. Gough's religious character. His hospitable
home was burned down many years ago, with the portraits paneled

Founders of Axne Aeundel axd Howard Counties. 65

in its dining room. The present mansion was built by Mr. James
Carroll; the property has passed out of the family, but a member
has a picture of the original building. The portraits of Mr. Gough
have only recently been destroyed by fire. The approach to ' Perry
Hair is the Belair road."

The only daughter and child of Mr. Govigh was Sophia, who
married James Mackubin, son of Nicholas and Mary Clare Carroll,
sister of "The Barrister." At the latter's request, to perpetuate
his name and fortune, Mr. James Mackubin took the name of James
Carroll. His heirs were Harry Dorsey Gough Carroll — Eliza Ridgely,
daughter of Governor Charles C. Ridgely, of " Hampton." Prudence
Gough Carroll — John Ridgely, son of Governor Ridgely. Charles
Ridgely Carroll — Rebecca Anna Pue. Issue, Charles Arthur Car-
roll — Sally Heath White. Their heirs were the late Charles Ridgely
Carroll, Harry Dorsey Gough Carroll, and Sally Heath White Car-
roll, all of New Brighton, Staten Island.

Rebecca, daughter of Charles Ridgely Carroll, married Hon.
Carroll Spence; Sophia — George B. Milligan; Susan — Thomas
Poultney; Mary — Robert Denison. Their daughter is the wife of
Colonel Henry Mactier Warfield, of the Fifth Maryland Regiment.

When we were subjects of King George III, Mr. Harry Dorsey
Gough built a block of houses on Baltimore Street, extending on
the south side from Light Street to Grant Street. In these houses
were Grant's Fountain Inn, the Post-Office under Miss Goddard; the
American office, and Colonel Wm. Hammond's, the merchant.
Several of these were lately condemned. The Carrollton Hotel
stood upon the site of the old Fountain Inn, where Washington
made his headquarters. The disastrous fire of February, 1904,
destroyed this whole block. Upon the same site to-day, a new
order of beautiful architecture has been located.

RICHARD DORSEY, OF "HOCKLEY/*

Richard Dorsey, the attorney, came into possession of the home-
stead in 1732. He built upon the present site. His wife was Eliza-
beth Nicholson, widow of William Nicholson, and daughter of John
and Elizabeth (Norwood) Beale.

John Beale was the son of Thomas Beale, of St. Mary's. He
was Caleb Dorsey's trustee. He bought from Andrew Norwood,
"Norwood's Intact" and "Proctor's Chance," in the city of Annap-
olis. His coat of arms may be seen upon his original will, in 1734.
Mrs. Elizabeth Beale, that same year, deeded to her daughter, Eliza-
beth, then wife of Richard Dorsey, of "Hockley," her father's es-
tate; a portion of which had been deeded to Beale Nicholson, only
son of William, both then deceased. A portrait of Beale Nicholson
is one of the heirlooms of "Hockley."

Mrs. Elizabeth Dorsey was a sister of Mrs. Anne Rutland, wife
of Thomas, who in her will, of 1773, named her nieces, Ann Beale,
Jlliza Harrison and Mary Dorsey, children of my sister, Elizabeth

66 FouNDEES OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Dorsey, Mary Dorsey, of Richard and Elizabeth, married John
Weems; Elinor — Chancellor John Hall; Ann — John Beale; Eliza-
beth became Mrs. Harrison. Caleb Dorsey, only son of Richard,
inherited Hockley. He married Mary Rutland, of Thomas, the
Annapolis importer, who built "Rutland Row," in Annapolis.

Caleb and Mary Dorsey had Richard, of " Hockley," who mar-
ried Anne Warfield, daughter of Captain Philemon Warfield, thus
uniting again descendants of the two neighboring houses of Dorsey
and Warfield. Their issue were, Caleb — Elizabeth Hall Dorsey,
whose dancing slippers are still at "Hockley." Issue, Colonel Ed-
ward Dorsey, who was with Colonel Harry Gilmonr's dashing troop-
er's; Bartus Dorsey, of Baltimore; Richard Dorsey, and Mary
Elizabeth, who married the late Magruder Warfield, of Baltimore.

Edward Dorsey, of Richard and Anne — Elizabeth Worthington;
Mary, of Richard and Anne — Hon. John Stevens Sellman, of the
" Nineteen Van Buren Electors," who, by entering the Senate Cham-
ber, when others refused, helped to bring on the compromise during
the administration of Governor Veazey."

Anne, of Richard and Anne, inherited "Hockley" — Essex
Ridley Dorsey, of Vachel and Elizabeth Dorsey, grandson of Vachel
and Ruth Dorsey, and great-grandson of John and Honor (Elder)
Dorsey. Vachel Dorsey, Jr., and Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, were
surveyors of "Vacant Land." Essex Ridley Dorsey's mother,
Elizabeth Dorsey, was the daughter of Joshua and Elizabeth (Hall)
Dorsey, and granddaughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Worthington)
Dorsey.

" Hockley," taken up by two brothers. Major Edward and Hon.
John, is thus held by the combined descendants of those brothers,
viz.: Vachel Charles, who holds the old "Hockley" estate, upon
which he has built a modern house; Miss Anne Elizabeth, who
presides at "Hockley," Evalina, Andrew Jackson and Richard Dor-
sey, of " Hockley." Evalina — Richard Dorsey Sellman, son of Hon.
John Stevens Sellman. Issue, Mary Laura, Anne Elizabeth Dorsey,
Eleanor and Gertrude Sellman. Mrs. Sellman died, January 1st,
1900. Her first three daughters are of the household of " Hockley."
Miss Gertrude Sellman resides in Baltimore.

The original patent for "Hockley," under the seal of Lord
Charles Baltimore, perfectly legible and well-preserved, is an heir-
loom of "Hockley." A silouette of Mr. Essex Ridley Dorsey hangs
upon the walls of " Hockley," in the charming gardens of which,
among the flowers and shrubs, he now sleeps beside his wife and
her ancestors.

Samuel and Joshua Dorsey, of Caleb and Ehnor, both died
bachelors, and left their estates to their brothers and sisters.

Edward Dorsey, of Caleb and Elinor, was an attorney and residd^d
in Annapolis. He took up an extensive estate in Frederick County,
and became a member of the Council from that county. He wgis
engaged in many important legal cases in the Court of the ChancerV
Governor Sharp, in his correspondence with Lord Baltimore, note,^

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 67

the fact that the then existing Council was composed of relatives
of Mr. Edward Dorsey, all of whom were opposed to the proprietary.
As Frederick Calvert was then at the head, it was only an honor
to be in opposition. Edward Dorsey was in partnership with his
brother, Caleb, of Belmont, in smelting iron ore. After his early
death, and the death of all his heirs, Ely Dorsey, husband of Ed-
wards' sister, Deborah, entered a suit in chancery for the recovery
of a large share of the property of the firm, then held by Caleb of
Belmont. After a long and exhaustive trial, the case was com-
promised.

Edward Dorsey loaned money on many tracts in Howard and
Frederick Counties, and made extensive transfers in real estate.
He was his mother's executor. He was a brother-in-law of Governor
Paca. He was a member of the Tuesday Club, of Annapolis, in its
palmy days, and was one of its eloquent debaters. His wife was
Henrietta Marie Chew, daughter of Samuel and Henrietta Maria
Lloyd, of Colonel Philemon and Henrietta Marie (Neale) Bennett,
In early manhood, whilst on a trip to Boston for his health, he died
at New Port, in 1760.

His widow followed him in 1762. Their two daughters, Eleanor
and Henrietta Marie Dorsey, both died before reaching womanhood,
leaving their estate of ^30,000 to their Dorsey relatives.

The Annapolis Gazette, in reviewing the eminent service of
Captain Edward Dorsey, gave him the title of "Eminent Councilor."

Eleanor- Dorsey (of Caleb and Eleanor), married Thomas Todd,
of "Todd's Neck," Baltimore County, whose genealogy has already
been traced. Their only son was Thomas Todd, the fifth, who left
four sons, Thomas, Bernard, Dr. Christopher and Robert Todd. The
daughters of Thomas and Eleanor Todd were Elizabeth, Eleanor,
Francis and Mary, already noted elsewhere.

Mrs. Todd married again, William Lynch, and resided near
Pikesville. Their daughter, Deborah Lynch, married Samuel Ow-
ings, founder of Owings Mill, son of Samuel and Urith (Randall)
Owings. From this marriage descends Mr. Thos. B. Cockey, of
Pikesville, and Richard Cromwell, of Baltimore.

(The remaining heirs of Caleb and Eleanor will be found in
Howard County.)

THE HOWARDS, OF THE SEVERN.

An early certificate in the Land Office at Annapolis reads:
"Laid out, July 3rd, 1650, for Matthew Howard, on the Severn,
southside, near a creek called Marsh's, beginning at a hollow, called
"Howard's Hollow," and binding on said creek, a tract containing
350 acres; also another tract running with Howard's swamp, con-
taining 350 acres more." These surveys of Lloyd were not
patented.

This record indicates clearly, that Matthew Howard came up
with Edward Lloyd, in 1650. In support of this, the records of

hy,

68 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Lower Norfolk County, Virginia, give us the following history of
the Howards, of Virginia.

V "There were three Howards, or Haywards, among the Eng-
lish members of the Virginia Companies," records Alexander Brown,
in his "First Republic." "They were Master John, Rev. John, and
Sir John Howard, Knight. They contributed, in all, ^112 and 12s.

Master John, the historian, was born in Suffolk, in 1560; was
D. C. L. of Cambridge; pleader in ecclesiastical courts; was knighted
1619, and an M. P. in 1621; married Jane Pascal; died in London
1627. His "Life of Edward VI." was pubhshed after his death.

Rev. John Howard, was reported in Stiths History of Virginia,
as "John Howard, Clerk."

He subscribed ^37. He was the author of "Strong Helper,"
in 1614.

Sir John Howard subscribed £15. He was the second son of
Sir Rowland, by his second wife, Catherine Smythe. He was knighted
at Windsor, July 23rd, 1609; was High Sheriff of Kent in 1642.

In 1622, a John Howard, who had come with Edward Bennett's
first company, in 1621, was killed by the Indian massacre of 1622.
His plantation formed the border Hne of the Isle of Wight, Virginia.
From some of these Howards, members of the Virginia Company,
descended Matthew Howard, a close friend, relative and neighbor of
Edward and Cornelius Lloyd, in Virginia, and with the former, came
to Maryland.

Matthew Howard was in Virginia, in 1635, as shown by a court
record, in which he had a suit with Mr. Evans. In 1645, he was
the executor of the will of Richard Hall, a merchant of Virginia,
who, in 1610, was one of the "Grocers Coiu-t," of England, which
contributed 2^100 toward the plantation in Virginia.

Colonel Cornelius Lloyd was a witness to Richard Hall's will,
in 1645. The testator's property was left to Ann, Elizabeth, John,
Samuel, Matthew and Cornelius Howard, children of Matthew and
Ann Howard.

Philip Howard, the youngest son of Matthew and Ann, was
evidently not born in 1645, for his name was not included in the
hst of legatees. But, in 1659, Commander Edward Lloyd surveyed
for him, after the death of Matthew, the Severn tract of " Howard-
stone," for "Philip Howard, Orphant."

In 1662, the sons of Matthew Howard, came up to the Severn,
and seated themselves near their father's surveys. John, Samuel
and Cornelius Howard, all transported a number of settlers, and
received grants for the same upon the Severn. They located ad-
joining each other, near Round Bay.

In 1661, Henry Catlin, one of Edward Lloyd's commissioners,
also, of the Nansemond Church, assigned his survey to Matthew
Howard, Jr., who resurveyed the same, with "Hopkins Plantation"
added, into "Howard's Inheritance."

In 1662, the five brothers, John, Samuel, Matthew, Cornelius
and Philip, had nine hundred acres granted them as brothers.

Pounders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 69

It was upon one of these many hills of Severn, in the neighbor-
hood of Round Bay, that John Howard slew the lion.

John Howard, heir-at-law of Matthew and namesake of his
grandfather, John, was a progressive surveyor of lands. He located
at Round Bay. In 1663, with Charles Stephens, he took up "The
Woodyard" and "Charles Hills," on the south side of the Severn.

Upon the death of Charles Stephens, John Howard married
Susannah Stephens, the widow. She was the heir of Captain John
Norwood. The only issue of John and Susannah Howard was Cap-
tain John Howard, Jr. John Howard, Sr., extended his surveys to
Baltimore County, and took up "Timber Neck," upon the mouth
of the Whetstone. It later became a part of Baltimore City. He
also took up lands in Harford County. John Howard's second wife
was Elinor, widow of John Maccubin, by whom there was no issue.
She was of the Carroll family. Her daughter, Sarah Maccubin, be-
came the wife of William Griffith, the immigrant. John Howard's
will, of 1696, left his extensive estate to his son, John Howard, Jr.,
and to his wife's grandson, Orlando Griffith.

Captain John Howard, Jr., increased his father's estate by
yearly surveys. About 1690, he married Mary, daughter of Richard
and Elinor (Browne) Warfield, his neighbor on Round Bay. Their
issue were Benjamin, Absolute and Rachel Howard, all minors at
the death of his wife. Captain Howard married again, Katherine,
widow of Henry Ridgely, and daughter of Colonel Nicholas Green-
berry. Their only issue was one daughter, Katherine Howard. Mrs.
Howard died before her husband, leaving five minors by her former
husband, Henry Ridgely.

Captain John Howard soon followed her, and left, in 1704, the
following will:

"I give unto my son, Benjamin Howard, my dwelling planta-
tion, whereon I now do live, and all the land adjoining it, during
his natural life, and to the lawful heirs of his body, and for want
of such heirs, to go to the next of blood in the name.

"I give to my son Benjamin, 'Howard's Cove,' lying at Round
Bay; also, a plantation on the Patapsco, bought of James Greeniffe,
and another parcel, lying near the head of Bush River, and upon
the branches of Deer Creek, containing four hundred acres, called
'Howard's Harbor,' and, also, a half part of 'Howard's Chance.'

"I give to my son. Absolute Howaird, two tracts on Patapsco,
called 'Yates Inheritance,' and "Howard's Point,' also 'Howards
Cattle Range,' south side of Patapsco on Mill Branch; also a tract
on ' Bush River.' I give to my two daughters, Rachel Howard and
Katherine Howard, all that parcel of land called " Howards Timber
Neck,' lying at the mouth of Whetstone, to be equally divided be-
tween them, during their natural life, and to their lawful heirs,
and, for want of such heirs, to my son Benjamin and his heirs.

I desire that the orphans of Mr. Henry Ridgely have their portion
paid, according to their father's will, and I give to my son, Charles
Ridgely, ' Howard Luck,' lying at Huntington, A. A. Co. I .iiive to

70 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Mr. Henry Ridgely's five children, twenty pounds apiece, to be paid
them at the day of marriage, or at the age of twenty-one.

" I make and ordain my loving brothers, Mr. Richard Warfield
and Mr. Alexander Warfield ,to be my full, whole and only executors
of this my last will and testament. And my loving brothers, Mr.
Charles Greenberry and John Hammond, I make and ordain over-
seers of this my will, and I give each of them thirty shillings to buy
them a ring to wear for my sake. I desire my son Benjamin shall
have my silver-headed cane, that has come in this year; and my
son Absolute, shall have my silver tobacco box, that has my name
on it; and my son-in-law (stepson), Henry Ridgely, shall have the
other silver tobacco box, that has his father's name; and that Joshua
Dorsey shall have my silver-hilted sword, that is at John Green-
iffe's house, which his father Dorsey gave me. If you find three
gold rings, given by me, I desire you to let Anne Ridgely have her
first choice, and Betty and Rachel have the other ones. I desire
to be buried by my father, on his left hand, and have the grave-
yard pailed.

"I desire you to send for a ring, equal in value to the others,
for my daughter, Katherine Howard.

"I do advise that you take care that all the lands I have sur-
veyed this year, have patents issued in the names of the orphans,
I desire that you will give honorable satisfaction to my friend, Mr.
Edward Rumney, for any trouble I may be when I draw my last
breath, and that you will give his wife a ring at that period.

"I give to Mrs. Eleanor Howard, twenty shillings, to buy her
a ring." John Howard, (seal.)

Witnesses: Joseph Hill, Cornelius Howard, Zachariah Taylor,
Zachariah Maccubin, Benjamin Warfield, John Warfield, William
Maccubin.

The above will was supplemented by seven codicils, as after
thoughts, during this critical period, with both wives dead and nine
young children to dispose of.

SAMUEL HOWARD.

There is still one living neighbor of the Severn, who remembers
seeing, when a boy, the terraced grounds which surrounded the old
stone house of Samuel Howard, and he read from the tombstone in
the graveyard, the name of " Patience Howard, daughter of Samuel
Howard." She was the daughter of the later Samuel Howard.

Samuel Howard married Catherine, daughter of James and
Elizabeth Warner, daughter of William Harris, of South River.
The will of James Warner, names "his son Samuel Howard, to whom
he left his cloth suit, and to his grandson Philip Howard, another
suit of 'stuff e.' "

Peter Porter, the second, in his will names "his father Samuel
Howard," and made him heir and executor. His wife was Sarah

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 71

Porter, daughter of Samuel Howard. Samuel Howard's will, of 1703,
throws considerable light on his family. He named his wife, Cath-
erine; his son Philip; his grandsons John and Samuel Maccubin,
and his granddaughter, Elizabeth Maccubin, to whom he left ^^20
each. To "cousin" John Howard, "cousin" John Hammond, "cou-
sin's Sarah Brice, Hannah Hamm.ond, Cornelius and Joseph How-
ard, and "cousin" Elizabeth Norwood, he left twenty shillings each.
It is well known, all these "cousins" were his nephews and nieces.
John Howard was the only son of John Howard, brother of the
testator; John Hammond was the son of Major John Hammond,
and Mary Howard his wife, sister of the testator. Sarah Brice was
the daughter of Matthew Howard, brother of the testator. Hannah
Hammond was the daughter of Philip Howard, another brother.
Cornelius and Joseph Howard were the sons of his brother Cornelius,
and Elizabeth Norwood was the wife of Andrew Norwood, and
daughter of Cornelius Howard. Samuel Howard made his nephews,
John Hammond and John Howard, overseers of his will, with his
son Philip, executor. This will establishes, beyond question, that
the above five Howards were brothers. As executor of his father,
Philip Howard had a case in Chancery, leading out of the will of his
grandfather, James Warner, who left "Warner's Neck" to his
daughter, Joanna Sewell, with the provision that it would descend
to, and remain always in possession of her heirs. It was sold by
her son, James Sewell, to Samuel Howard. This sale was contested
by other Sewell heirs, but the Rent Rolls show the same tract "in
possession of Henry Pinkney, by his marriage to the widow of Philip
Howard." The latter died two years after his father and "Henry
Pinkney, Cornelius Howard and Joseph Howard were made guardians
of Samuel, James, Priscilla and Rachel Howard, children of Philip
Howard." Samuel, in 1744, married Patience Dorsey. Annie Ho-
ward, of the city of Annapolis, in 1744, named her children Samuel,
Harvey, Annie, Philip, Charles, Benjamin and Thomas Howard.
Samuel Howard married Miss Higginbottom.

CAPTAIN CORNELIUS HOWARD.

Named for Colonel Cornelius Lloyd, this Severn settler was
made Ensign in command of the Severn. From 1671 to 1675 he
represented Anne Arundel County in the Legislative Assembly. His
colleagues were Robert Francklyn and Colonel Wm. Burgess. This
official position enabled him to increase his surveys and take up
surveys for his neighbors. He was frequently called upon to write
the will and become a witness of the same for his neighbors. He
was sole executor and legatee of Wm. Carpenter, in 1676. Captain
John Sisson, in 1663, named Cornelius Howard, "my brother" and
executor. Mrs. Elizabeth Howard, wife of Cornelius, was "aunt"
of Mary Todd, daughter of Lancelot.

Captain Cornelius, of 1680, left the homestead to his wife and
son Joseph. Captain Cornelius Howard, Jr., the boatwright, heired

72 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

adjoining lands. The daughters were Sarah, Mary, the spinster, and
EHzabeth, wife of Andrew Norwood, whose daughter married John
Beale.

JOSEPH HOWARD, OF CAPTAIN CORNELIUS.

The homestead, near the old Indian trail, and a later survey of
"Howards Inheritance," became Joseph's estate in Anne Arundel.
He was twice married: first to Anne Burroughs, widow of Joseph
Burroughs, who held land on South River; second to Margery Keith.
Joseph Howard took up, for his sons, the following tracts in Howard
County, in the neighborgood of Clarksville. In 1722, he and others
took up a tract of 2,590 acres, called "Discovery." This was fol-
lowed by 500 acres known as "Howards Passage," in 1728. And
"Joseph's Hazard," of 100 acres, in 1727. His will of 1736, records:
"I give to my son, Henry Howard, "Kil-Kenny" and "Howards
Hazard" adjoining, ouf^ a tract of "Howards Passage," and 300
acres of "The Second Discovery." I give to son Ephriam, 500 acres
of "Discovery." (This was later deeded by EphriaiTrto his brother
Henry). I give to my son Joseph, 200 acres called "Discovery,"
adjoining Ephriam. I give to my son Cornelius the remainder of
said "Discovery," and 400 acres of "Howard's Passage." I give
to Joseph the plantation on which I now live, known as " Howards
Inheritance," 380 acres, and it is my desire that my friend, Dr.
Richard Hill, will instruct in the knowledge of phisick, and be his
guardian. I give to my grandson, Joseph Higgins, 100 acres of " The
Second Discovery." To daughter Sarah, was left money; to daughter
Ruth Duvall, and daughter Hannah Jacob, twenty shillings each.
I desire my friends, Colonel Henry Ridgely, Joshua Dorsey, and John
Dorsey, of Edward, to be overseers to look after the interests of my
sons." Joseph Howard.

Witnesses: John Howard, John Burgess, William Phelps.

Margery Howard, his widow, in 1739, gave to her sons, Cor-
nelius, Ephriam, Joseph Howard, and daughter Sarah, a number
of negroes.

In 1737-8, Ephriam Howard deeded his portion of "Discovery"
to his brother Henry. This tract was on the east and south of Car-
rolls Manor. 500 arces of the original body of 2,590 acres, were
patented to John Beale; 1090 acres, to Joseph Howard; 200 acres,
to Abel Browne; 800 acres, to Thomas Bordley. The tract known
as "Second Discovery" began at a line of "Altogether," which w^as
on the western border of Carroll's Manor, and extended west and
north toward Glenelg and West Friendship. It was surveyed for
John Beale, Vachel Denton, Priscilla Geist and Joseph Howard, and
patented to Vachel Denton and Joseph Howard, who held 910 acres.
Denton sold his interest to William Worthington. Joseph Howard,
Jr., was the only one who remained in Anne Arundel County. His
will, of 1783, granted to his wife one-half of the dwelling place,
"Howards' Inheritance," a part of "Rich Neck" and "Chaney's

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 73

Hazard." After her death it was to go to Joseph Howard, Jr., and
Margery, wife of Major Henry Hall; to son Benjamin the other half
of the above lands. *' It is my will that Benjamin give up his claim
to his part of his grandmother's, Margaret Gaither's estate, willed to
him by her, and he is to receive no part of my personal estate, but
that it be divided equally between my granddaughter, Margaret
Howard, daughter of my son Joseph, and my grandson Henry, son
of my daughter Margery, wife of Henry Hall. To grandson Thomas
Rutland, son of my daughter Mary, one shilling. To my son Joseph,
all my tract lying at South River, known as " Howard's Angle."
If Benjamin will not make over his grandmother's part, then Joseph
is to have Benjamin's part." Richard Burgess, Charles Stewart, Jr.,
and Samuel Burgess, witnesses.

Mrs. Joseph Howard was Margaret Williams, daughter of Mrs.
Margaret Gaither, widow of Edward. She inherited "Folkland."
Joseph Howard, Jr., gave to his daughters the old dwelling house,
whereon, as tenant, lived Richard Rawlins. After them, it was to
go to Joseph Howard his son, his wife, Martha Howard, and brother
Benjamin, executors. She was Martha Hall, daughter of Rev. Henry
Hall, of St. James Parish. She later married Nicholas Hall. Ben-
jamin Howard, brother of the above testator, left his estate of 500
acres to Joseph, of Joseph, and a part of the dwelling and residence
to his nieces, Elizabeth, Eleanor, Martha, Margery and Kitty, and
to his nephew, John Washington Hall; sister Martha Howard, widow
of brother Joseph, executrix.

JOSEPH HOWARD, OF '* HOWARD'S GROVE."

In r|36, the above testator left his "Mansion House" to his
wife Catherine, with power to control it as he was accustomed to
do, and to live in the same style; to command servants, horses
and teams at her will; sons Thomas and Joseph, to assist her in
its management; daughters Elizabeth, Margaret and son Allen, all
to hold their interests in common. The property to be held to-
gether imtil the marriage of all his daughters, and then to be divided.
He desired that all of his children should be baptised, and paid a
high tribute to his wife. Robert Welsh, of Benjamin, Thomas G.
Waters and John Thomas were witnesses. A codicil, modifying some
of the provisions, was witnessed by Richard Duckett, Martha Howard
and Thomas Duckett.

The above testator has been recorded in " The Bowies and Their
Kindred," as descending from Matthew Howard, of Matthew, as seen
by the following quotations, " Matthew Howard, of Matthew, of 1650,
through his son Joseph Howard, who married Martha Hall, daughter
of Rev. Henry Hall, of the Episcopal ministry, of England, left
Joseph Hov^^ard, Jr., born 1786, who married Elizabeth Susannah
Bowie, daughter of Captain Fielder Bowie. Issue: Dr. Joseph
Howard, of 181 1, married Eleanor, daughter of William Digges Clagett
and Sarah Young; second Thomas Contee Bowie Howard, born 1812,

74 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

married Louisa, daughter of John Selby Spence, of Worcester Co.,
United States Senator. Issue: Margaret Louisa Howard, married
Nicholas T. Watkins, of Howard Co. ; Thomas Contee Bowie Howard,
Jr., married Sally Stevens, of Cambridge, and lived near Annapolis;
third Margaret Howard, married Dr. Thomas S. Duckett. Issue:
Marion and Ella Duvall; Allen Bowie Howard, of Joseph, Jr., mar-
ried Anna Maria Spence, sister of his brother's wife and lived at
"Mulberry Grove," Anne Arundel. Issue: John Spence Howard,
married Mary E. Hodges. Issue: Mary, John Spence, Jr., Mar-
garet, Ellen Howard, Sophia and James Hodges Howard; Allan
Bowie Howard married Rose Alexander, of Philadelphia; Sarah
Maria Howard." Captain Thos. Howard, the popular commander
of the Oyster Navy, under both Governors Smith and Warfield,
descends from this branch of Howards.

CAPTAIN PHILIP HOWARD.

"Our Early Settlers" notes the arrival of Philip Howard, in
1669, and his demand for fifty acres for transporting himself. In
1659, a grant was made to Philip Howard, orphan," under the title
of " Howard's Stone." This was on the north side of the Severn,
adjoining Edward Lloyd. Philip Howard bought lands also from
Cornelius Howard, on the south side of the Severn. He bought,
also, from Robert Proctor. He was one of Her Majesty's Justices
in 1694, and during that same year, was a commissioner in laying
off the town of Annapolis. He married Ruth Baldwin, daughter
of John Baldwin, and Elizabeth, his wife. She was a sister of John
Baldwin, who married Hester (Larkin) Nicholson, and also a sister
of Mrs. Thomas Cruchley, of Annapolis. She was the aunt of Anne
Baldwin, wife of Judge Samuel Chase and Hester, wife of Judge
Jeremiah Townley Chase.

Captain Philip and Ruth Howard had one daughter, Hannah,
who married her cousin, Charles Hammond. In his will, of 1701,
Captain Howard named his grandsons, Charles and Philip Hammond,
sons of his daughter, Hannah. Mrs. Ruth Howard was made execu-
trix. The Rent Rolls record: "Ruth Howard, relict of Captain
Philip Howard, enters a tract of land called 'Green Spring,' pur-
chased by said Howard from Robert Proctor. She also claims
'Maiden,' and 'Howard and Porters Range,' — conveyed from Cor-
nelius Howard to said Philip; also a tract called 'The Marsh.' She
further claims that Cornelius Howard, Sr. , left a portion of ' Howard
and Porter's Range' to Mary Howard, spinster, and that she con-
veyed it to Cornelius Howard, Jr., who conveyed it to her husband,
Philip Howard." All of these claims stand as demanded.

From Hannah Howard, only daughter of Philip and Ruth
(Baldwin) Howard, descended a long line of Hammonds, the
largest land holders in both Howard and Anne Arundel Counties.

FOUNDERS OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 75

MATTHEW HOWARD.

Matthew Howard, Jr., was in the province as early as his
brothers, in 1662. Yet the following record from "Our Early Set-
tlers" re-tTS to him: "May 7th, 1667, Matthew Howard demanded
land fox transporting Sarah Darcy, his wife, John Pine, Thomas
Gleve.; Thomas Madloe, Wm. Cooke, Joseph Windoes, Sarah Driven,
Elizabeth Warrenton, Samuel Doyle, Joane Garnish. Warrant, then
issued in the name of Matthew Howard, for five hundred acres of
land, due him for transportation of said persons."

Matthew Howard surveyed and bought extensively upon the
neciv of the Severn and Magothy Rivers. He was an associate
justice of the county, and upon the committee of the port of entry.

Two sons and one daughter were his heirs. John held " Howard's

P^irst Choice," which he and his wife Susannah, transferred to Lance-
lot Todd, in 1698. He resided upon the Magothy. St. Margaret's
Parish shows the births of his sons, Matthew, John and Abner. He
died in 1702, when his widow, the same year, married William
Crouch, who held "Poplar Plains," suryeved in 1683, by Matthew
Howard, Sr., for Matthew Howard, Jr., the minor. The two sons
of John and Susannah Howard, were progressive surveyors in the
upper districts of Baltimore and Anne Arundel Counties. They
made the following record in Annapolis: "Matthew Howard and
John Howard, of Baltimore County, planters, eldest sons of John
Howard and grandsons of Matthew Howard, both of Anne Arundel,
and Ruth Howard, wife of said John Howard, grant to John Brice,
"Hopkins Plantation," northwest of the Severn; said land assigned
to Matthew Howard, in 1663."

John Howard, also, sold "Left Out," a tract near Dayton,
Howard County, to John Gaither. Ruth Howard, his wife, was the
widow, first of Edward Dorsey, and second of Greeniffe. Her will
of 1747, named her sons, and executors John and Edward Dorsey;
her grandson, John Greeniffe Howard, and her granddaughter Eliza-
beth Hammond. She was then residing near her sons, or with
them, at Columbia, Howard County.

Sarah Howard, only daughter of Matthew and Sarah Darcey,
inherited a large portion of her father's Severn estate; finally, by
her two marriages to Captain John Worthington and Captain John
Brice, she held all of the estate; dying in 1735, in the old Worth-
ington homestead, just opposite the Naval Academy. Matthew
Howard, her brother, held by the will of his father, in 1692, " Hop-
kins Plantation," "Poplar Plains" and "The Adventure," on the
Patuxent. He sold, in 1728, "Poplar Plains" to Anne Price, and
left no other records at Annapolis. Matthew Howard, of Frederick
County, sold lands to Edward Dorsey, the attorney of Annapolis.
There was, also, a Matthew Howard, of Kent County, "who left a
considerable estate to his heirs." He named in his will, several
tracts in Anne Arundel. I have not followed these testators.

76 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard CountiS.

HENRY HOWARD, THE BACHELOR.

Henry Howard, of Anne Arundel, appeared as a witness for
John Homewood, in a case brought by the latter against Sheriff
John Welsh. Henry Howard held lands on the GunpowaPr River,
but he is recorded as a resident of Anne Arundel. In hiJa"'"''!!! of
1683, he left to "John Howard his wearing apparel," and to ''John
Howard and to Matthew Howard, of Anne Arundel, each a silver
seal ring." To John Bennett and Sarah, his wife, "a seal ring with
the coat of arms," and a hooked ring with the initials F. C." vThe
above Sarah wife of John Bennett, was the widow of John Ho^^
wood, and the daughter of Thomas Meeres, the Quaker, of Edw^-^^
Lloyd's commissioners, in 1650.) He also left "to Sarah Dasey;
wife of Joseph Dasey, two hundred acres of land upon the Gun-"
powder." His personal estate was granted to Edward Skidmore;
Elizabeth Skidmore and Michael Skidmore. To Theophilus Hacketti
his administrator, he left a pair of silk stockings and sixteen hundred
pounds of tobacco. Richard Howard was a witness. Edward Skid-"
more, gentleman, of Cecil, left a remembrance to his friend, Henry'
Howard, and made the above Skidmores legatees.

This testator was evidently a connection of the five Howard:
brothers, and may have been the traditional "Sir Henry Howard/'
to whom descendants of a later namesake refer.

CAPTAIN CORNELIUS HOWARD, JR. 1

As a mariner he held but a small estate in realty. He was of-
the vestry of St. Anne's church, upon its organization, in 1696, with'
Thomas Bland, Richard Warfield, Jacob Harness and William Brown.
His wife was Mary Hammond. The will of her mother, Mary (Heath)
Hammond, in 1721, named her grandson, John Howard, grand-
daughter, Sarah Howard; grandson, Thomas Howard; grand-
daughter, Eleanor Howard; grandson, Cornelius Howard.

Mrs. Cornelius Howard died in 1714, and her husband in 1716.
His will reads: "My son Charles, is already provided for. To my
son John Howard, my lands on the Choptank. To my son Thomas'
Howard, my lands on the Patapsco. To Cornelius, the homestead."'

His son Charles died in 1717. His will reads: "I give to my'
brother Thomas one-half of a tract conveyed to me by Richard^
Freeborne, called "Freeborne's Progress," in Baltimore County. To"
brother Thomas I give my part after my brother, Cornelius Howard,'
has had his moiety mentioned in a deed of a gift to my said brother.""

"This gift to my brother Thomas, is to be void unless he gives|
a tract left by his father on the Patapsco, to such person my wife,^
Mary Howard, shall sell the said tract of fiftj^ acres to. I authorize^
my wife Mary, to sell my lands on the Patapsco, called "Roger's,
Increase," and the money thus raised, to be paid over to my brother
Thomas, as a part which I gave him by deed of gift, not signed. i

"To my wife Mary and son Benjamin, all my personal estate,^
and appoint her my executrix." Witnesses, Jno. Beale, Jno. Cun-
ningham and James Howard.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 77

Thomas Howard surveyed "Hazard" in 1724, adjoining lands
laid out for Samuel Dorsey. In 1731, he sold the same to Mr. Wright,
who sold to William Gumming. The will of Thomas Howard,
in 1771, left all his estate to his wife Anne, and made her executrix.

Cornelius Howard, of Captain Cornelius, Jr., lived upon the
homestead in Anne Arundel. His wife was Elizabeth, and their
son, Cornelius Howard, was born in 1728. A Thomas Howard of
this line and his wife, Priscilla Selby, were granted "Freeborn's
Progress" by Robert and Sarah Ridgely, of Elkridge, which they
sold to Mr. Peele, in 1728. In the deed of transfer, Robert Ridgely
stated it came to his wife by inheritance.

Still later, a Thomas Howard married Ruth Dorsey, daughter
of Elias and Mary Lawrence, daughter of Benjamin Lawrence, of
"Delaware Hundred."

^ COLONEL HENRY RIDGELY.

From the manuscript of Judge Nicholas Ridgely, of Delaware,
now in possession of Mrs. Henry Ridgely, of Dover, and from the
records of Annapolis, I find the Ridgelys, of Annapolis, and of Dela-
ware, descended from the "Hon. Henry Ridgely, of Devonshire,
England, who settled in Maryland, in 1659, upon a royal grant of
6,000 acres. He became a Colonel of Militia, member of the Assembly
of the Governmental Council, Justice of the Peace, and Vestryman of
the Parish Church of St. Ann's."

The above is taken from the Ridgely manuscript of a grandson,
and confirms the record made by Mr. Creagar, who indexed " Our
Early Settlers." He assumed that the following record was intended
for the above Colonel Henry Ridgely : " Henry Ridley demands lands
for transporting himself, which is entered in Buries book, and Eliza-
beth Howard, his wife, and John Hall, Stephen Gill, Richard Ravens
and Jane his servants, in the year 1659."

The next entry is 1661, when "James Wardner (Warner) and
Henry Ridgely were granted a certificate for 600 acres, called ' Ward-
ridge,' on the north side of South River, joining a tract, * Broome/
formally Richard Beard's, adjoining Neale Clarke's."

In 1665, James Warner assigned his right to Henry Ridgely.
This transfer was one of the burnt records of 1704. It was restored
by Colonel Charies Greenberry, in the interest of his sister's children.

Judge Nicholas Ridgely 's bible-record throws more light on
Colonel Henry Ridgely's wife; it reads thus, "Nicholas Ridgely,
son of Henry, (who was the son of Colonel Henry and Sarah, his
wife), and Catherine, his wife, (who was the daughter of Colonel
Nicholas Greenberry and Ann, his wife), all of Anne Arundel County,
in the Province of Maryland), the said Nicholas was born the 12th
day of February, A. D., 1694, and was married to Sarah Worth-
ington, (the daughter of Captain John and Sarah, his wife, of Anne
Anmdel County, aforesaid), the 26th day of December, 1711."

78 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

This record shows that if Colonel Henry Ridgely's wife was
Elizabeth Howard, she was not the mother of Colonel Ridgely's son
Henry. His mother evidently belonged to the house of James
Warner and Elizabeth Harris, his wife. In 1679, Henry Ridgely,
Sr., was commissioned associate Justice of Anne Arundel; in 1689,
he was appointed "Captain of the Foote"; in 1692, he was a mem-
ber of the Lower House; in 1694, he was promoted Major, and in
the same year was advanced to Colonel in the Militia. In 1685,
Colonel Henry surveyed "Ridgely's Forrest." It covered all the
land surrounding Annapolis Junction and Savage Factory. In 1699,
he granted to his son Henry, 220 acres of "Broome" and 200 acres
of "Wardridge." Upon this combined plantation, Henry Ridgely,
Jr., having removed from his Annapolis homestead, died in early
manhood, thirty years of age, in 1699. There in the reserved grave-
yard stood, for years, the well preserved tablet to his memory. In
1702, Colonel Henry sold Charles Carroll "the house and lot in
Annapolis, lately in the tenture of my son, adjoining the lots of
Charles and Rachel Kilburne."{f In 1696, Colonel Henry Ridgely
married Mary (Stanton) Duvall, widow of Mareen Duvall, the
Huguenot, and with her administered on Duvall's estate. He then
removed across the river to Prince George's County, where he
became a merchant. .'^His will, written in 1705, with codicils, was
probated in 1710. It reads: "I give to my wife Mary, my home,
plantation, 'Cotton'; 'Mary's Delight' and 'Larkin's Folly,' which
I bought of Thomas Larkin, to an unborn child. To son Charles
Ridgely, all that plantation called 'Hogg Neck,' and 300 acres of
'Ridgely's Lot,' lying at 'Huntington, A. A.', excepting lands sold
to Thomas Reynolds and Neale Clarke, near Wm. Griffiths. I give
also, to son Charles, 300 acres of ' Wardridge,' adjoining ' Hogg Neck.'
My wearing apparel to my brother, William, and my son, Charles.
'Larkin Forrest,' if there be no heir, to be divided between Henry
Ridgely and Nicholas Ridgely, sons of his deceased son, Henry,
and Henry, son of his son, Charles Ridgely. The remaining part of
'Wardridge,' to go to grandson, Henry Ridgely, son of Henry,
deceased, after Charles had 300 acres out of it. If 'Mary's Delight'
is not possessed by an heir, it is to be divided between John Brewer,
Joseph Brewer, Thomas Odall and Henry Odall, sons of Thomas
Odall, (elsewhere written Odell). I give to my daughter, Sarah
Odall, wife of Thomas, a negroe girl; to all my grandchildren, ^10;
to my god-daughter, Martha Duvall, ^51, and a cow and calf. To
St. Barnabas Church, Queen Parish, Prince George, ^20. Grandsons,
Henry and Nicholas Ridgely, to be under the care of Thomas Odall
and Charles Greenberry, until of age. The remaining part, whether
here or in England, to go to my wife and executrix." Witnesses
were Louis Duvall and Thomas Reynolds.

The will of John Brewer mentions his wife, Sarah, his sons, John
and Joseph, and his father, Henry Ridgely, whom he made his
executor, with his wife Sarah.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 79

"Wardridge," or "Waldridge," and "Broome " the inheritance
of Henry Ridgely, the second, lay southwest of " Hockley," on the
road leading to the head of South River. In its old graveyard,
which had been reserved, stood the following tablet:

" Here lyeth the body of Mr. Henry
Ridgely, who was born the 3rd of
Oct., 1669, and departed this life on
ye 19th day of March, 1700."

Having been fractured by the encroachment of a neighboring
settler, the " Peggy Stewart Chapter of the Colonial Dames," ordered
its removal to the grounds of St. Ann's Church, Annapolis. His
widow, Katherine (Greenberry) Ridgely, his executrix, later married
Captain John Howard, who named in his will, 1704, "the five
orphans of Henry Ridgely," and requested his executors to grant
them their portions, as expressed in the will of their father. They
were: Henry Ridgely, the third, later known as Colonel Henry
Ridgely, of Howard County; Judge Nicholas Ridgely, of Delaware;
Charles Ridgely, who inherited "Howard Luck" from Captain John
Howard, and died soon after; Ann Ridgely, wife of Joshua Dorsey,
and Elizabeth, wife of Thomas Worthington; Nicholas Ridgely, of
Henry and Katherine, married Sarah Worthington; lived, after
marriage, on "Wyatt's Ridge." Uppn a, portion of this stands
"Belvoir," in sight of Round Bay. He also inherited a portion of
"Ridgely's Forrest," near Guilford, Howard County. Upon remov-
ing first to Cecil County, he sold the former tract to his brother-
in-law, John Worthington, Jr., and his wife's inheritance on the
Severn, to her mother, Mrs. Sarah Brice. The heirs of Nicholas and
Sarah, all named in his bible record, were, Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel,
Ruth and Ann. His wife died in 1721. His daughter, Rebecca, was
married "Where I lived in Cecil Co., Md., on Wed., October, 1731, to
Benjamin Warfield, son of Mr. John Warfield, of Anne Arundel, Md.
by the Rev. Richard Sewell, Rector of Shrewsberry Parrish, Kent
Co., Md."

The will of Mrs. Brice, in 1725, named her granddaughter,
Rebecca Ridgely, to whom she left, "one quart silver tankard, one
dozen silver spoons, and ^50, in money." Similar legacies were
given to her sisters. In 1727, Mr. Nicholas Ridgely's wife was Ann
French Gordon, daughter of Robert French, and widow of James Gor-
don. She bore him one daughter, Mary, who, became Mrs, Patrick
Martain. In 1727, Nicholas and Ann Ridgely' of Cecil County, sold
to John Brown, his inheritance "Ridgely's Forrest,' which was re-
surveyed into "Browne's Purchase." His daughter Rachel, became
the wife of John Vining, Speaker of Delaware Assembly, who owned
a large estate in New Jersey. On one of his visits there, he was
taken sick, died, and was buried at St. John's Church, Salem,
Under the aisle, a stone with an inscription, marks the sepulcher.
Mrs. Rachel Vining died in 1753, and was buried under the pew of
her father. Judge Ridgely, in Christ Church, Dover.

80 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

In 1741, Governor George Thomas, commissioned Nicholas
Ridgely as follows: "Reposing a special trust in your loyalty and
courage, I have nominated you to be Captain of the Militia Foote,
in the upper part of the county of Kent. You are, therefore, to
take said Company into your charge, as Captain, and duly exercise
both the officers and soldiers in arms, and for so doing, this is
your commission. Given under my hand and seal as arms, at the
town of New Castle, on the Delaware, 3rd Feb., 1741,

Geoege Thomas."

Governor Warfield, a descendant, has the original commission
in his possession.

In 1745, Judge Ridgely became the guardian of Caesar Rodney,
who later became the most distinguished patriot of the state. To
his training, also, was due the successful careers of his son. Dr.
Charles Ridgely, and of the brilliant John Vining, his wife's grand-
son.

Quoting again from the Ridgely manuscript: " Nicholas Ridgely
second son of Henry Ridgely, was born at 'Wardridge,' in 1694.
He was thirty-eight years of age when he moved to 'Eden Hill,' a
handsome plantation near Dover. Mr. Ridgely at once took his
place among the leading citizens of his adopted state, filling, with
honor, the offices of Kent County, Clerk of the Peace, Justice of
the Peace, Prothonatory, Register in Chancery, Judge of the Supreme
Com-t of New Castle, Kent and Sussex Counties; enjoying the honor
until his death, in 1755. In 1735, as foreman of the Grand Jury
he signed a petition to King George II, against granting a charter
to Lord Baltimore, in abrogation of the rights of the Penn family,
in the three lower counties."

In 1743, his daughters, Sarah and Rachel, granted a power of
attorney, attested by Nicholas Ridgely and Rebecca_ Warfield, to
their uncle, Henry Ridgely, to receive legacies from" their grand-
mother's estate. They were then located, "in Kent Co., on the
Delaware, in Territories of Pennsylvania." Judge Ridgely's third
wife was Mary Middleton Vining, widow of Captain Benjamin
Vining, a lady who held a large estate. Her son. Judge John Vining,
married Phoebe Wyncoop. Their son, John, was "the Patrick
Henry of Delaware," of brilliant wit, lawyer, member of the first
Continental Congress, and "the pet of Delaware." His sister, the
beautiful Mary Vining, the admiration of General LaFayette,
became the bethrothed wife of General Anthony Wayne, who died
before the wedding day. Judge Ridgely's daughter, Elizabeth,
became the second wife of Col. Thomas Dorsey, of Elk Ridge.

Dr. Charles Ridgely, of Judge Nicholas and Mary, was born in
1738. He became an eminent physician, residing at "Eden Hill,"
but later in the house upon "The Green," purchased by Judge
Ridgely, in Dover. His son, Nicholas, by his first wife, Mary
Wyncoop, was the first chancellor of Delaware, universally respected
as an able jurist, a courteous gentleman of the old school, in dress
and demeanor, holding to provincial customs.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 81

Dr. Charles Ridgely's second wife, Ann Moore, bore him five
children. Henry Moore Ridgely, his oldest son, succeeded to the
homestead, in 1735; he was admitted to the bar, in 1802; was in
Congress, in 1811; Secretary of State, 1817, and again in 1820 He
there collected the scattered archives of the State. Repeatedly
elected to the Legislature, he framed the most important laws of
the State. In 1827, he was sent to the United States Senate, where
he advocated a high protective tariff. He died in the old house
on "The Green," upon his eighty-second birthday, 1847. He left
five children. His oldest son, Henry (V.) Ridgely, in 1889, was in
serene old age, an honored resident of Dover, and "Eden Hill."
His brother, Henry Ridgely, was the father of Henry Ridgely (V),
a prominent lawyer, of Dover. He married Matilda Lloyd, a
descendant of the distinguished Maryland family, a notice of whom
will be found in the list of governors. They occupy the family
homestead, the exterior of which is severely plain. The interior is
captivating. The floral designs of the low ceilings, are the work of
a Dover artist. The delicate tints of the drawing room walls, and
the artistic hangings of the guest chamber, contrast harmoniously
with the dark panelings of the wide hall, which is also the library,
in which is a chair known as William Penn's. In the garden, where
the box bushes have grown in a century or more, into great trees
and hedges, on the top of which one may walk fearlessly, as upon
a wall. Judge Nicholas Ridgely and his family liked to take tea, all
summer long. A rear view of the Ridgely house reveals a cluster
of ivy." — Marion Harland.

Henry Ridgely, of Henry and Katherine, of "Wardridge," on
coming to manhood, in 1711, sold his homestead to his brother-in-
law, Thomas Worthington, and removed to his grand-father's
extensive survey, at Huntington. His biography will be found in
the history of Howard Coimty.

Sarah Ridgely, only daughter of Colonel Henry, first became
the wife of John Brewer, and after his death, she married Thomas
Odell. A sketch of the Brewer family will be found elsewhere.

'^ WILLIAM RIDGELY, OF SOUTH RIVER.

William Ridgely came to this province of Maryland, in 1672.
Colonel Henry's will shows him to be his brother. His first survey,
in 1697, was " Ridgely's Beginning," northside of South River. In
1690, he bought, of James Finley, a portion of " Abbington," at the
head of South River, and made it his homestead.

William and Ehzabeth Ridgely, his wife, sold in 1710, "Ridge-
ly's Beginning," to Amos Garrett, the Annapolis merchant. Only
one son, WilHam Ridgely, Jr., was named by them. Upon his
marriage to Jane Westall, daughter of George Westall, of South
River, in 1702, WilHam Ridgely, Sr., and Elizabeth, his wife, deeded
to WilHam Ridgely, Jr., and Jane, his wife, their homestead tract,
"Abington." During that same year, another deed for a portion

82 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties,

of the home tract was made by WilHam Ridgely, Sr., and Ehzabeth,
his wife, and WilHam Ridgely, Jr., and Jane, his wife, to Mrs. Mary
Ridgely, late widow of Colonel Henry.

William Ridgely, Sr., died in 1716, as shown by his testamentary
record, intestate, William Ridgely, Jr., also died intestate. His
widow, Jane (Westall) Ridgely, left a will in 1748.

Upon a twelve hundred acre tract of her father's estate, Colonel
Wm. Burgess located the once flourishing town of London. In his
will of 1686, he named this tract as once the property, of "Mr. George
Westall, upon a portion of which is a town laid out, called London-
town."

Mrs. Jane (Westall) Ridgely named her heirs, William, Westall,
Sarah, John, Martha Maccubbin and Alice Woodward.

John Ridgely was made executor, and heired the homestead,
"Abington." He married Elizabeth Mayo, of South River, and
bought of "Edward Gaither, of 'Edward,' the whole of 'Gaithers
Collection.' "

Westall Ridgely inherited "Ridgely's Chance," in Frederick
County, and in his will of 1772, named his heirs, Sarah, William,
Jane, Deverella, Isaac, Jacob, Ahce, Martha, Richard and Jemima.

William Ridgely, the third, in 1726, married Mary Orrick,
daughter of James and Priscilla (Ruley) Orrick. By the will of
Anthony Ruley, of South River, 1710, his daughter, Priscilla Orrick,
came into possession of "Beetenson's Adventure," on South River.
This tract was taken up by Edward Beetenson and Lydia Watkins,
his wife. By the will of James Orrick, his daughter Mary Orrick
inherited one-third of his estate. Her mother, inheriting one-third,
became the wife of Abraham Woodward, son of William Woodward, of
London. William Woodward (of Abraham), married Alice Ridgely,
daughter of William and Jane (Westall) Ridgely. William Wood-
ward, Jr., — Jane, daughter of William and Mary (Orrick) Ridgely.
Their son Henry, born 1770, married Eleanor, widow of Philip
Turner, and daughter of Colonel Thomas Williams by his wife,
Rachel Duckett. Their daughter, Jane Maria, became the wife of
Judge William Henry Baldwin, of Anne Arundel, and the mother
of a distinguished family of merchants.

William and Mary (Orrick) Ridgely, had issue William, Nicholas,
John, Henr}^, Greenberry, Priscilla Griffith, Jane Woodward, Mary
Pumphrey, Sophia Pumphrey and Ann Rigby. William Ridgely's
will, of 1768, probated in 1780, granted to sons John, Henry and
Greenberry, four tracts of land, "Ridgely's Chance," "Spanish Oak,"
"Good Luck" and "Piney Grove." One-third of his estate was
left to his wife Mary.

Greenberry Ridgely, youngest son of William and Mary (Orrick)
Ridgely, born 1745, married Rachel Ryan, daughter of John
Ryan, who held an estate on Elk Ridge. She joined him in deed-
ing his estate upon South River, and with him removed to Elk Ridge,
where Rev. Greenberry Ridgely took charge of a Methodist Church.
About 1800, he moved to Baltimore and became a merchant. His

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 83

9

sons were Lloyd, Lot, Noah, Silas, Greenberry, Isaac, James and
Nicholas, born 1800. This last son removed to Springfield, Illinois,
where he acquired a large estate. His son and successor, Mr. Charles
Ridgely, of the Springfield ironworks, and president of a bank, mar-
ried Miss Barret, daughter of James Winston Barret, son of Captain
William and Dorothy (Winston) Barret. Their son Hon. James
Barret Ridgely, is now Comptroller of the Currency.

Greenberry Ridgely, Jr., in 1814, married Harriet Talbott,
descendant of Richard and Elizabeth (Ewen) Talbott, daughter of
Maj. Richard Ewen. Harriet Talbott's father was Benjamin Talbott.
whose wife was Sarah Willmot — son of Edward Talbott and Tem-
perance Merryman, his wife, son of Edward Talbott and Mary
Waters, his wife, son of Edward Talbott and Elizabeth (Thomas)
Coale, his wife, son of Richard Talbott, the immigrant.

Greenberry and Harriet Ridgely had issue: Charles W. Ridgely,
of Lutherville; James H. Ridgely, the "Odd Fellow," grandfather
of Mrs. Frank Brown ft Dr. Benjamin Rush Ridgely, of Warren,
Baltimore County, now over three-quarters of a century old, yet a
vigorous writer and able genealogist.

Alice Ridgely, of William and Jane (Westall) Ridgely, will be
found in the Woodward sketch; so will Jane Ridgely, of Mrs. Mary
(Orrick) Ridgely.

RICHARD WARFIELD, FIRST VESTRYMAN OF ST,
ANN'S CHURCH.

A Warfield record, one hundred years old, states that " Richard
Warfield settled near Annapolis, in 1639." There was no settle-
ment there until 1649, and Richard Warfield was not one of those
settlers. He came among them, however, in 1662, and located
west of Crownsville, Anne Arundel, "in the woods." His estate
reached back to the beautiful sheet of water, — Round Bay, of the
Severn. Our Rent Rolls show that he held, during his life, " Way-
field," " Warfield's Right," " Hope," " Increase," " Warfield's Plains,"
" Warfield's Forest," "Warfield's Addition," "Brandy," "and "War-
field's Range."

In 1670, he married Elinor, heiress of Captain John Browne,
of London, who, with his brother. Captain Peregrine Browne, ran
two of the best equipped merchant transports between London and
Annapolis.

Richard Warfield's wife inherited "Hope" and "Increase."
two adjoining tracts, the history of which is as follows:

They were taken up by Henry Sewell; transferred by him to
John Minter; willed by him to his daughter, Elizabeth, wife of
Henry Winchester. These two joined in deeding them, in 1673, to
Captain John Browne, mariner, of London. No further transfers
are to be found, but in 1705, Richard Warfield appeared before
the commission, to restore the burnt record of 1704, and requested
a record of the above history.

84 FouNDEES OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

In 1675, Richard and Elinor Warfield were summoned as
witnesses to the chancery contest over the will of their immediate
neighbor, Nicholas Wyatt. In 1689, Richard Warfield signed, as a
military officer, the address to King William. In 1696, Richard
Warfield's name was returned as one of the Vestry of St. Ann's
Church. This was before the first building was completed. Dying
at an advanced age, in 1703-04, he left an intelligent will, in
which he named his heirs, John, Richard, Alexander, Benjamin,
(Mary, late wife of Captain John Howard), Rachel, then wife of
George Yates; Elinor, the prospective bride of Caleb Dorsey, of
"Hockley."

In his old age, he began the first westward movement of the
early settlements to the unexplored frontier of Howard. His sons
and executors, in 1704, resurveyed "Warfield's Range," and in-
creased it to fifteen hundred acres. John, his oldest son, lived upon
"Warfield's Plains," the homestead of which still stands just
opposite Baldwin Memorial Church, half-way between Waterbury
and Indian Landing. "Warfield's Plains" extended up to Millers-
ville, and "Warfield's Forest" was near Indian Landing. In 1696,
John married Ruth Gaither, oldest daughter of John Gaither, of
South River. Their sons were Richard, John, Benjamin, Alexander,
Edward and Philip, all of whom located upon the frontier out-posts,
in Howard. John Warfield's daughters were Ruth, wife of Richard
Davis; Mary, wife of Augustine Marriott and Elinor who died a
maiden. John Warfield, like his father, passed his life in develop-
ing his estate, but died in early manhood, 1718, before completing
his surveys and transfers. His son, Richard, as heir-at-law, deeded
his estate to his brothers. Returning to the homestead, he married
Marion Caldwell, and had issue, John, Seth, Richard and Luke War-
field. The first two were located upon " Warfield's Range." Richard
and Luke remained upon the Severn.

Richard Warfield, by his second marriage to Sarah Gambrill,
of Augustine, had Joseph and Rachel who became the wife of Philip
Turner. Their son, Richard Warfield Turner, heired the homestead
from Joseph Warfield, his uncle, who died a bachelor.

Richard Warfield, Jr. was a vestryman of St. Ann's Church,
in 1751. His estate was " Warfield's Forest." By his wife, Hamutel
Marriott, he had Richard, Luke, Silvanus and John, none of whom
left any descendants of their name. The homestead was willed to
Joshua Gambrill.

Ruth Warfield, of John and Ruth, married Richard Davis,
from whom descended Captain Richard Davis, Caleb, Thomas, Ruth
and Elizabeth, wife of John Marriott.

Mary Warfield, of John and Ruth, married Augustine Marriott.
Their son John married Nancy Warfield, of Alexander, and Dinah
(Davidge) Warfield: Achsah Marriott— John Hall, of "White Hall,"
whose daughter, Sarah Hall, became Mrs. Francis Rawlings, and
second wife of Captain Harry Baldwin.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 85

Marj' Marriott married John Sewell whose descendants are
noted in the Sewells.

Sarah Marriott, youngest daughter of Augustine, married Wil-
liam Yealdhall, leaving no heirs. Their estate was left to Thomas
Furlong.

l^ RICHARD WARFIELD, THE SECOND,

By the will of Richard Warfield, Sr., his son Richard, after the
marriage of his sister, Elinor, came to the homestead.

In 1723, he was one of the first organizers of the public school
system of the county. He was for many years "one of his lord-
ship's justices." He was also, in the Vestry of St. Ann's, from 1710
to 1729. He married, about 1700, Ruth, daughter of Thomas Cruch-
ley, an attorney of Annapolis. Her mother was Margaret Baldwin,
daughter of John and Elizabeth Baldwin. Richard and Ruth had
one son, Alexander Warfield. Their daughter, Ruth, became Mrs.
Jos. Hall. Rachel became Mrs. Robert Davidge, and Lydia became
the wife of Dr. Samuel Stringer, and of Colonel Charles Ridgely, of
Hampton. " Warfield's Contrivance," in Howard County, adjoining
tract to "Warfield's Range," was heired by these daughters.
Richard Warfield out-lived all his brothers and sisters, dying at an
advanced age, in 1755. The Maryland Gazette, of that year, thus
records his death: "Sunday last, died of Pleurisy, at his plantation,
about nine miles from Town, on the Patapsco road, Mr. Richard
Warfield, in the 79th year of his age, who formally was one of the
Representatives in many Assemblies of the County, and for many
years, one of our Magistrates. A gentleman of an upright and
unblemished character."

Alexander Warfield, his only son, inherited the homestead and
became a member of the vestry of St, Ann's. He had located,
during his father's life-time, upon "Warfield's Contrivance" and
" Wincopin Neck," during which time he extended his surveys along
the Frederick turnpike from Cooksville to Lisbon. He married
Dinah Davidge, and had twelve children. They were Dr. Joshua
Warfield, of Simpsonville; Azel Warfield, near Snell's Bridge; Basil
Warfield, the surveyor, removed to the Eastern Shore; Davidge
Warfield adjoined his brother Azel; Rezin Warfield, of "Warfield's
Contrivance." Captain Philemon Warfield inherited the homestead
in Anne Arundel, and Colonel Charles Warfield, went to Sams Creek,
now Carroll County.

Alexander Warfield's daughters were Mrs. Sophia Simpson, Mrs.
Dinah Woodward, Mrs. Sarah Price and Mrs. Ann Marriott, after-
wards Mrs. Richard Coale.

Voa These sons settled elsewhere. Captain Philemon alone remained
in Anne Arundel. He was in command of the Severn Militia Com-
pany, which conveyed the Tories to Queen Anne County. He
married Assantha Waters, and had two daughters, Mary and Ann

86 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Warfield. Mary became the wife of her cousin Lancelot Warfield,
of "Brandy." Ann married Richard Dorsey, of "Hockley."

The old Warfield homestead was divided between them, and,
in 1845, then known as "The Black-Horse Tavern," was sold to Mr.
Gott.

During the construction of the Elk Ridge and Annapolis rail-
road at that time, the old building was used for the engineer corps.
It was later destroyed by fire, and now only an out building marks
the spot, at Gott's station. It was a long building, sixty feet in
length, forty feet wide, with dormer windows.

Many descendants of Richard Warfield, will be found in the
history of Howard County.

"^ ALEXANDER WARFIELD, OF ^'BRANDY/'

One mile south of Millersville, is the only remaining survey of
Richard Warfield, stil held by a descendant. It was granted to his
third son, Alexander, the surveyor.

Alexander was upon the committee for extending Annapolis.
He was, also, one of the executors of his brothers-in-law. Captain
John Howard and Amos Peirpoint. The latter made him sole heir
of his estate. From Amos Peirpoint's will it is shown that Sarah,
wife of Alexander Warfield, was a daughter of Francis Peirpoint
and Elizabeth, his wife, who held an estate upon South River.
Alexander Warfield's children were all baptised at "All Hallows."
He surveved a thirteen hundred acre tract near Savage, known as
"Venison Park," in 1720.

His will, of 1740, granted "Benjamin's Discovery" to his son,
Samuel, and also, "Warfield's Addition." "Venison Park" was
divided between his sons, Alexander and Absolute. The home-
stead, " Brandy," was left to his youngest son, Richard. His three
daughters inherited slaves and money. They were Rachel, Eliza-
beth and Catherine.

Samuel, of Alexander, married Sarah Welsh, daughter of Cap-
tain John, by his first wife, Thomasin Hopkins, of Gerard. Issue,
John, Samuel, Gerard, Vachel, Richard and Welsh Warfield. All
except Samuel and Gerard remained in Anne Arundel County.
Samuel removed to Pennsylvania. Gerard married Susanna Ryan,
of John, who inherited "Duvall's Delight." They lived in Augusta
County, Virginia.

John, of Samuel, married Mary Chaney, in 1761. Issue, Samuel
— Susannah Donaldson; Richard — first Nancy Benson, second Eliza-
beth Lucas; Eenjaaxun— Rebecca Spurier; John — Miss Mewshaw;
Nancy — Edward Smith; Betsy — Charles Carroll; Nelly — William
Westley; Polly — Thomas Forsythe; Rachel — David Clarke.

Richard, of Samuel, married a daughter of Thomas Welsh, and
resided near Annapolis Junction. His children all removed to the
west. Mr. John Hollister Warfield, of Salem, Oregon, who married
a daughter of Wm. J. Brent, of Virginia, is one of their decendants.

Founders of Anxe Arundel and PIoward Counties. 87

He holds lands in the Red River Valley. Another decendant was
Rev. James Welsh Warfield, who married Hannah McCoy, a cousin
of Jas. G. Blaine.

Vachel, of Samuel, resided at Portland, Anne Arundel County.
His wife was Eleanor Griffith, daughter of Charles and Ann Davidge.
Their issue were Charles Griffith Warfield, Vachel, Jr., William,
Allen and Henrietta. The latter became Mrs. Joshua Marriott.
Charles Griffith and Allen, her brothers, were bachelors. Vachel,
Jr. — Achsah Marriott. Issue, George Warfield, of Jessups, a promi-
nent man in both political and church circles, during the war of
States. His issue are: Achsah, Joseph, Mordecai, John, George,
Jr., Evamina and Fannie Warfield.

Mr. Joseph Warfield is in charge of the courthouse in Annapolis,
and George T., Jr., is a prominent lawyer of Baltimore.

William, of Vachel, removed to Baltimore City, and became a
real estate broker. He married Sarah Ann Merryman. Issue, Oliver
Charles Warfield — Adah Gartrell; Wm. Vachel, bachelor, and Adah
Warfield. The firm is now known as Wm. Warfield & Sons, on St.
Paul Street.

Richard, of Alexander, inherited " Brandy." His wife was Sarah
Gaither, daughter of John and Agnes (Rogers) Gaither. "Brandy"
was left to their two sons, Lancelot and Richard, Jr. The former
bought out his brother, who removed to Frederick County.

Lancelot became an officer in the militia, and was upon the com-
mittee of the present courthouse of Annapolis. He married, first
Mary, sister of Major Robosson. Issue, Charles, Lemuel, Lancelot.
Charles, of Lancelot, — Miss Sewell; dying he left an infant, George
Warfield. The widow, removing to Baltimore, became the wife of
Rev. Mr. Gambrall, grandfather of Dean Gambrall.

George Warfield, of Charles, — Ellen Schekels. Issue, William,
Elizabeth, Sarah, Margaret, Achsah S., Richard, Joseph, Washing-
ton, Ellen, Maria and George. The last was president of the^Chester
River Steamboat Co. ; director of the Fidelity & Deposit Co. ; sheriff
of Baltimore, and now a member of the City Council. He married
Ellen Fryer. His father was in the war of 1812, and his brother,
Richard, was in the Civil War, after which he removed to Florida,
and married Ellen Williard. His older brother, William — Sarah
Brushwood, of Virginia. The daughters of Mr. George Warfield,
Sr., became Mrs. Wm. H. Sheets, Mrs. E. C. Chickering, Mrs. Mat-
thias Hammond, of Nebraska.

Lemuel Warfield was a shipping merchant, of Baltimore; lost
three ships laden with flour for the West Indian ports; became a
British subject, and died a bachelor, 1820, at St. Bartholomew.

Lancelot Warfield, Jr., inherited the entire estate of his father,
whose will required him to pay $1,000 each, to his half brothers,
Captain Allen and John Warfield, sons of Rachel Marriott, second
wife. Captain Allen commanded the militia at the reception of
LaFayette, in 1825.

88 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Lancelot Warfield, the second, married Mary Warjfield, daughter
of Captain Philemon — thus inheriting the homestead of Richard
Warfield, the immigrant. Issue, Philemon, Lancelot, third, and Ann
Maria, wife of Thomas Owings, of Richard and Ruth (Warfield)
Owings.

To Philemon was granted, " Hammond's Inclosure," " Ham-
mond's Connection," and " Friendship," lying upon the Millers-
ville and Annapolis road. He married Ann Wright, and left Mary
Ann Turner, Camilla Howell, later Mrs. Young and afterwards Mrs.
Hartwick, of Minneapolis, whose daughter married Earl M. Golds-
borough, son of S. Brice Goldsborough.

Captain Lemuel Warfield, of Philemon, was upon the staff of
General O. M. Mitchell, U. S. Army; married Miss Miller, of Tria-
delphia; died of yellow fever at Beaufort, S. C, 1862. She removed
West and died recently, leaving a son, Lemuel Warfield, of Kansas
City; Mrs. George T. Webb, Mrs. Eben D. Marr, and Mrs. Chas.
G. Gaither, of Kansas City.

P» Lancelot Warfield, third, held "Brandy"; sold the old home-
stead of Richard Warfield, to Mr. Gott; married Elizabeth Sarah
Hodges, (of Thomas). Issue, Lancelot, Charles, Elizabeth, Sarah —
Dr. William Edwin Hodges.

Lancelot, fourth, came into possession of "Brandy," in 1882;
married Margaret E. Beard, descendant of Major Richard, the sur-
veyor of South River. Issue, Lancelot, fifth, died in infancy; Dr.
Clarence Warfield, formerly of Galveston, now, after a tour of the
globe, residing in San Antonia, Texas; John Warfield, of Australia,
and;the late Victor Warfield, who died in New Mexico, and lies
buried beside his father at "Brandy." In a well-preserved garden
graveyard, of this homestead, are the remains of Richard, of Alex-
ander, four Lancelot Warfields, and other members of their lines.

The recent death of the last owner, and the absence of his sons,
may soon result in the sale of "Brandy." Mrs. Warfield resides in
Baltimore.

Richard Warfield, of Richard and Sarah Gaither, lived at
"Brandy" during the life of his first wife, Nancy Gassaway of
Thomas. Their only daughter, Sarah, became the wife of Amos
Warfield, of "Warfield's Range." Removing to Frederick County,
Richard Warfield married again, Anna Delashmutt, daughter of
Elias and Betsy (Nelson) Delashmutt, daughter of John Nelson,
and sister of Dr. Arthur Nelson. Issue, Lindsey Warfield and Eliza-
beth Warfield.

Lindsey Warfield entered the war of 1812, and was stationed
in the Genessee Valley. He was engaged in the battle of Lundy's
Lane. Pleased with the country of that valley, he returned after
the war, and settled there. He married Elizabeth L'amoreaux.
Issue, Richard Nelson Warfield, of Rochester, Delashmutt Warfield,
Andrew Walker, Charles Henry, Myron Franklin, Rowena, Hester,
Jane and Sarah Warfield, all of Rushville, New York.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 89

Richard Nelson Warfield married Rachel Elone Hill, daughter
of Whitney Hill, who was one of "The Minute Men, of Lexington."
Issue, General Richard Henry Warfield, of San Francisco, Cal.;
Emma Elizabeth Warfield, wife of Colonel Samuel B. Williams, City
Treasurer, of Rochester; and Luella A. Warfield, wife of W. A.
Gracy, of Geneva, New York. A few years before his death, Mr.
Richard Nelson Warfield visited Maryland in search of information
of his family, and by correspondence through many states, accumu-
lated much data, all showing that Anne Arundel was the family
starting point.

His son, Brigadier-General Richard Henry Warfield, is thus
mentioned: "General Warfield is of the Warfields of Maryland,
who still hold lands granted by the Crown of England. His grand-
father figured gallantly in the battle of Lundy's Lane, while his
great-grandfather, on the distaff side, Whitney Hill, was one of the
Men of Lexington. General Warfield was studying at the Univer-
sity of Rochester, when the Civil War broke out. In 1862, he joined
the Fiftieth N. Y. Engineers, rising to first lieutenant. In 1876, he
went to Healdsburg, California, as cashier of the Farmers' and
Mechanics' Bank. He is now in charge of two of the leading hotels
of California. In 1894, he was made Brigadier-General, command-
ing the Second Brigade of the National Guards of California. When
the national encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic was
held, in Washington, in 1892, he was elected Senior Vice Com-
mander-in-Chief, an honor seldom conferred upon a comrade in any
other city than the one in which the comrade lives. He is a mem-
ber of the "Sons of the American Revolution," of the "Loyal
Legion," a "Shriner," a "Knight Templar," and 32nd Degree of
the A. & A. Rite.

"General Warfield has two sons, George H. and Richard Emer-
son Warfield. The first is cashier of the Farmers' and Mechanics'
Bank, of Healdsburg, California; the second was a student in Stan-
ford IJniversity.

General Warfield has been twice married. His present wife was
Lula Emerson, eldest daughter of Colonel William Emerson, who
was Colonel of the 151st New York Volunteers, and, for a time, in
command of one of the Brigades of the Third Division of the Sixth
Army Corps.

"At the outbreak of the Spanish War, in 1898, General Warfield
personally mobilized his Brigade of the National Guard as United
States Volunteers of California; and the First Calif ornian, of his
brigade, was the first twelve-company regiment of the United States
Volunteers mustered out, in the United States service from any
state. General Warfield was later in charge of the whole Militia
of California, but after promotion resigned."

The farm of four hundred acres, of Lindsey Warfield, in Yates
County, New York, is still held by Walter Walker Warfield and his
wife, Sarah. Myron Franklyn Warfield, youngest son of Lindsey,
born 1836, married Francis Helena Green, October 25th, 1866.

90 Founders of Axne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Issue, Charles Henry Warfield, born 1867, Carrie Isabelle Warfield,
Anna Delashmutt, Richard Nelson, Frederick Parkman, Augustus
Bennett, born July 24th, 1878.

Charles Henry Warfield was principal of Little Falls High School,
New York. On June 28th, 1900, he married Janet Cook Jessup, to
whom was born, May 1st, 1901, Janet MacDonald Warfield. Mr.
C. H. Warfield in now a resident of New York City. Frederick
Parkman Warfield is of Duell, Megrath and Warfield, Patent law-
yers, of New York.

Carrie Warfield married Charles H. Barton, and has a daughter,
Francis Green Barton. Augustus Bennett Warfield is now First
Lieutenant, Artillery Corps of U. S. A.

Dr. Andrew Walker Warfield married Delight Weir. Charles
Henry Warfield was a druggist of Rushville. Hester Jane Warfield
married Alvin Chamberlain. Rowena Warfield married Dr. Jas. A.
Bennett.

'" BENJAMIN WARFIELD, OF "LUGG OX/*

The youngest son of Richard and Elinor (Browne) Warfield,
was Benjamin, who joined his brother, Richard, in surveying " Win-
copin Neck," in the forks of Savage and Middle River, immediately
at Savage Factory. This was willed to his daughter, Elizabeth
Ridgely, by both himself and his brother Richard.

Benjamin Warfield's inheritance in "Warfield's Range" was
never occupied by him. He surveyed "Benjamin's Discovery," in
Anne Arundel. He married Elizabeth Duvall, daughter of Captain
John and Elizabeth (Jones) Duvall. Her marriage dower was a
tract of 780 acres, known as "Lugg-Ox," in the forks of the Patuxent.
This adjoined his own survey. One son, Joshua, and a daughter,
Elizabeth, were their issue. Benjamin Warfield died in early man-
hood, in 1717, leaving his children minors. His widow married John
Gaither, the second, who administered.

Joshua, of Benjamin, held the homestead. By his wife, Ruth
Davis, of Thomas, he had Benjamin, Joshua, Henry, Thomas, Caleb,
Mary, Elizabeth and Elinor. ''Lugg-Ox" was divided among these
heirs. Benjamin removed to Frederick County. Joshua left no
records. Henry was an attorney, and died a bachelor. Thomas
and Caleb remained upon the homestead and left heirs. Thomas
was executor. He was an officer in the militia. He married, first,
Elizabeth Holliday, and second, Elizabeth Marriott, and had issue,
Mary, Lydia Ellender, wife of Captain Francis Bealmear; William,
merchant of Annapolis; Dr. Anderson, legislator; Thomas Wheeler,
Singleton — William Warfield and David Ridgely were merchants of
Annapolis, and loaned money on real estate. At the time of his
death, William Warfield held most of " Lugg Ox." His wife was
Mary Tyler Worthington, granddaughter of Hon. Brice Thomas
Beale Worthington. Issue, Thomas Henry Warfield and Elizabeth
Holliday Warfield, legatees of Mrs. Mary Tyler Warfield; Thomas

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 91

Henry married Mary Worthington. Thomas Wheeler Warfield sold
his interest in " Lugg Ox" to William; his wife was Sarah White.

Dr. Anderson Warfield, the bachelor, was a ready writer, in-
dependent politician, legislator, and closed his career as a physician,
of Baltimore, leaving his house and practice on Eutaw Street, to
Dr. Bealmear, stepson of his sister. Caleb Warfield, of Joshua, sold
his interest in "Lugg Ox" to Dr. Anderson Warfield, and resided
upon his wife's interest in the Sappington estate. His daughters,
Elizabeth and Elinor, died maidens. Thomas Warfield, of Caleb,
married Margery Browne, daughter of Philemon Browne and Mar-
gery Gaither, sister of Colonel Edward Gaither, Jr. Their issue
were, Thomas Warfield, of "Good Hope," and Caleb Warfield, who
removed to Kentucky. ~'

Thomas Warfield, of "Good Hope," — Margaret Foster — issue,
Abel Davis Warfield, of Alexandria, Virginia. — Sarah Ann Adams
issue, Geo. Thos. Warfield, of 17th Virginia Infantry, killed in de-
fence of Richmond, 1862. Edgar Warfield, druggist, of Alexandria,
Virginia and commander of Lee's Legion of Confederate soldiers —
Catherine Virginia Batcheller — issue, Edgar Warfield, Jr., — Abbia
Virginia Belles — issue, Edgar Ashley, George Elmon — Nellie J. Soud-
son. Wm. Ryland — Alice Down; Marion Roberts— Thomas F.
Burroughs; Andrew Adgate Warfield — Jane Elizabeth Pattie; Ada
Francis Warfield — B. P. Kurtz; Susan Alice — Walter Gahan; Frank
Warfield — Cora May Smith, Richmond, Virginia. Harry Lee War-
field — Lizzie Allen. Caleb Warfield, of Thomas and Margery Brown,
removed to Kentucky, — first, Nancy Livingstone; second, Nancy
Ray; third, Anne Steel. Issue by second, Thomas Brown, Jphn,
Louisa, James, George; issue by third, William Warfield.

Thomas Brown Warfield — first, Sabra Ann Steele — issue, Sabra
Steele Warfield; second, Margaret Rebecca Campbell — issue, Charles,
Thomas, Myra Alice, Clara Maria, Nancy Margaret, and William
Campbell Warfield, who married Dora Rawlings. Issue, Edwin,
Herbert, Theodora Margaret. William Campbell Warfield is Super-
intendent of Public Schools, and State Secretary of the Reading
Circle, Mt. Stering, Kentucky.

'^ MAJOR JOHN WELSH, HIGH SHERIFF, OF A. A. CO.

In 1667, Major Welsh was a Commissioner of Anne Arundel
County. In 1675, as the husband of Mrs. Anne Grosse, widow of
Hon. Roger Grosse, he was executor of the large Grosse estate, and
summoned John Grosse, Richard Snowden and his wife, Elizabeth,
lately Elizabeth Grosse, Roger Grosse, Jr., Wm. Grosse and Francis
Grosse, in settlement of the estate.

Mrs. Elizabeth (Grosse) Welsh was the mother of Silvester and
John Welsh, Jr. The latter was known later as Major and Colonel
John. She died before 1675, when Major Welsh married Mary,
stepdaughter of Nicholas Wyatt, and half-sister of Sarah (Wyatt)
Dorsey, wife of Colonel Edward.

92 FouxDEKS OF Anxe Arundel and Howard Counties.

In 1679, Major Welsh was one of "The Quorum," and was
High Sheriff in 1678 and 1679. In the former year, he was defend-
ant against John Homewood in a suit against his deputy. In 1683,
Major Welsh was a commissioner for building the courthouse, and
in the same year, a commissioner for the advancement of trade in
Anne Arundel. In short, Major Welsh was continuously in the pub-
lic service. His will, of 1686, left his South River lands, " Arnold's
Grey," to Sjdvester and John, because they came through his Grosse
wife. Benjamin Welsh was installed in the South River homestead.
The four daughters, Mary, Elizabeth, Sarah and Damaris Welsh,
were joint heirs of his lands upon the Gunpowder. " Unto my wife,
Mary, ' Preston's Enlargement,' near River Dam, Herring Creek. I
give to my brother, Henry Welsh, my tobacco box, silver headed
cane, broadcloth suit and one thousand acres of land." This brother
I could not find in our records. Though named an executor, the
estate was settled by son, Sylvester, and his widow, Mary, then
wife of James Ellis. """^^ ^.-^- —

Sylvester's wife was Elinor. They had issue, Sylvester, Jr.,
Elinor and Lucia.

Captain, or Colonel John, married, first, Thomasin Hopkins,
daughter of Gerard and Thomasin Hopkins, of South River. Their
daughter, Sarah, became Mrs. Samuel Warfield. Colonel John's
second wife was Rachel, without doubt, daughter of John and Ann
(Greenberry) Hammond. By her were Ann, wife of Nathan Ham-
mond, son of Major Gljarles and Hannah Howard. (2.) Rachel;
(3.) Captain John, who married Hannah Hammond, daughter of
John and Ann (Dorsey) Hammond; (4). Thomas; (5.) Benjamin;
(6.) EUzabeth; (7.) Henry O'Neale; (8.) Comfort.

The above testator was a large shipping iron merchant. His
partner was his cousin, Richard Snowden, son of Richard and Eliza-
beth (Grosse) Snowden, a half-sister of Colonel John Welsh. They
bought and sold lands also as partners. His will of 1733-34, reads:
"I give to my son, John Welsh, my lands, 'Arnold's Grey' and
'Neglect.' To my sons, Thomas and Benjamin, I give 'Welsh's
Discovery.' I give to William Davis, ' WiUiam's Delight.' " Lands
and monej' were left to wife, Rachel, and daughters, Rachel and
Comfort. The married daughters also named were Sarah, wife of
Samuel Warfield, and Sophia Hall. "To my brother, Robert, my
wearing apparel, my watch, and my gold ring. My cousin, Richard
Snowden, my brother, Robert, and my wife, Rachel, to administer."

Benjamin Welsh, his brother, married Elizabeth Nicholson.
The daughters of Major John Welsh were: ^ Mary, wife of
Josias Toogood; Sarah — John Giles; Elizabeth — Dailiel Richardson;
Damaris — Thos. Stockett. A thousand acre tract in Baltimore
County, known as "Three Sisters," was sold by these sisters.

Robert, the youngest child of Major John Welsh, born after the
death of the Major, married Katherine Lewisy' Issue, James, Lewis,
Robert, Jemima Edwards, Elizabeth Tongue, Grace Elliot, Kath-
arine Stewart, John, and Benjamin, inheritor of "Preston's En-
largement."

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 93

John Welsh, the third — known also as Captain — inherited the
homestead, but married in Howard County, Hannah, daughter of
John and Ann Dorsey Hammond, whose residence was adjoining
the "Old Brick Church." John Welsh took up an immense tract
in Northern Howard, and on it placed his sons, John, PhiHp, Henry
and Samuel.

These sons married kindred wives. The fourth John Welsh,
married both a Hammond and a Dorsey — Lucretia, daughter of
Colonel Nicholas, and Sarah (Griffith) Dorsey. Philip Welsh — Eliza-
beth Davis, daughter of Caleb and Lucretia Griffith. Samuel Welsh
— Rachel Griffith, daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Dorsey — all
daughters of sisters and a brother, heirs of Orlando Griffith and his
wife, Katherine Howard.

The grounds upon which St. Ann's Church stands, and the Peggy
Stewart house, in Annapolis, were held by Major John and his heirs.

Dr. Welch and his brother, Robert, of Annapolis, who thus
write their names, are descendants of the High Sheriff and Member
of "The Quorum."

^ THE STOCKETT BROTHERS.

My record of this family is the work of a descendant of Annap-
olis, whose daughter kindly presented a copy.

Our Rent Rolls show surveys made near the Susquehanna River,
in Harford, in the name of Stockett. In 1658, four brothers, Thomas,
Lewis, Henry and Francis, came to the province and obtained grants
imder the Calverts.

The family was of the Church of England, loyal to King Charles.
After the crushing defeat of the royal cause at Worcester, in 1651,
these worthies gathered up all they could from the wreck of their
property and came to Maryland.

Captain Thomas Stockett, of "Bourne," had in his family,
George Alsop, who wrote the tract on Maryland, known as " Alsops
Character of Maryland." Dr. Francis Stockett, was appointed Clerk
for the Court of Baltimore, in 1658, but, resigning it, was in the
Assembly of Delegates at St. Maries in, 1658-59.

Captain Thomas Stockett was in the Assembly, 1661-66.

Captain Thomas and Henry Stockett were also Judges of the
County Courts until 1668, in which year Captain Thomas Stockett
was appointed High Sheriff of Anne Arundel, to which he had
removed. A commission was issued to Lewis Stockett, of Baltimore
County, from 1636 to 1667, as Colonel and Commander-in-Chief of
all the forces of Baltimore County, on the Susquehanna and Bay,
as well as Kent Island.

In 1668, all three brothers removed to Anne Arundel, and
located on "Stockett's Run," near Birdsville. Captain Thomas
Stockett held " Obligation," 664 acres; Henry Stockett held " Bridge
Hill," 664 acres; Dr. Francis Stockett held "Dodon," 664 acres.
They there lived and died.

94 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Among their old family papers, was a description of the coat
of arms, and one engraving on the silver tankards, "or, a lion ram-
pant, Sa, on a chief of the last, tower tripple toured, or between two
bezants; Crest on a stump of a tree, couped and eradicated or a
line sejant, Sa."

Another interesting paper was that of Joseph Tilly, the register
or clerk of All Hallows Parish, in Anne Arundel County, in which
the Stocketts were located.

" About or in ye year of ye Lord 1667 or 8, I became acquainted
with four gents ye were brothers, and then dwellers here in Mary-
land. The elder of them went by the name Colonel Lewis Stockett:
ye second by the name of Captain Thomas Stockett; ye third was
Doctor Francis Stockett, and ye fourth brother was Mr. Henry
Stockett.

"These men were but newly seated or seating in Anne Arundel
County, and they had much business with Lord Baltimore, then
ppetr of ye Province.

"My house standing convenient, they were often entertained
there.

"They told me they were Kentish men, or men of Kent, and
yet they were concerned for King Charles, ye First: were out of
favor with ye following government, they mortgaged a good estate
to follow King Charles, the Second, in his exile, and at their
return, they had not money to redeem their mortgage, which was ye
cause of their coming hither. — (Signed.) Joseph Tilly."

Captain Thomas Stockett married Mary Wells, daughter of
Richard Wells, of Herring Creek, who was prominent in the Puri-
tan colony of Virginia. He was one of the Commissioners appointed
to represent the parliament in 1654, with Captain Wm. Fuller, and
others, and we find him in the Council of 1658, after the Calverts
had regained the province. He was, also, a Justice of the Peace,
owning a considerable estate.

Captain Thomas and Mary (Wells) Stockett left one son, Thomas
Stockett. After Captain Stockett's death, in 1671, his widow mar-
ried George Yate, the surveyor, and had issue, George Yates, John
Yates and Ann Yates — sometimes written Yeates. She survived
her second husband, whose will, of 1691, left his seal and silver
marked with his coat of arms to his son George. The latter married
Rachel Warfield, of Richard. Mrs. Yate's will, of 1699, left her
daughter Frances, wife of Marius (Mareen) Duvall, her silver seal
in a lozenge shield; and to her son, Thomas Stocket, " a black walnut
box which hath his father's coat of arms engraved in ye bottom
thereof."

Thomas Stockett married Mary Sprigg, daughter of Thomas,
of West River, who owned, also, a large tract in Prince George.
Upon portions of this were located the descendants of Colonel John
Francis Mercer and the Stewart family, connected with, and des-
cended from, the Sprigg family. Thomas Stockett, Jr., surveyed
many disputed tracts of land — leaving b}^ his first wife, Thomas

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 95

and Eleanor. The latter married Richard Williams. His second
wife was Damaris Welsh, (or Welch), daughter of Major John and
Mary Welsh, of South River, and of Annapolis. Issue, Benjamin,
Lewis, Mrs. Elizabeth Beale, Mrs. Beard, Mrs. Brewer, Mrs Mayo,
Mrs. Rollins, or Larkin.

Thomas Stockett, the third, built the brick dwelling near Bird-
ville, in 1743, and planted choice selections of fruit brought by him
from England. He made an attractive home. He married Eliza-
beth, daughter of Joseph and Mary Noble, of Piscataway, Prince
George County. Issue, Thomas, Mary Elizabeth and Thomas Noble
Stockett. Mary Elizabeth — Samuel Harwood, son of Captain Rich-
ard, and Ann Watkins Harwood. They removed to Montgomery
County, Maryland. Their daughter, Mary Stockett, married Alex-
ander Warfield, son of John Worthington Warfield, of the Big Seneca,
from whom descends Captain Noble Creager, of the United States
Army, and his sister. Miss Virginia Creager, of Baltimore.

Thomas Noble Stockett, born 1747, married Mary Harwood,
daughter of Captain Richard Harwood and Ann Watkins. Mary
Harwood was the only daughter.

Dr. Thomas Noble Stockett took an active part in the war of
the Revolution, and was a member of the Sons of Freedom.

He was appointed by commission, a copy of which is now in
possession of his descendants in Annapolis, as surgeon— assistant to
Colonel Thomas Ewing's Battalion of Militia, for the Flying Camp.
He soon after was commissioned Surgeon, and joined the arm}^ under
General Smallwood, of the Maryland Line, then in the North. The
Valley Forge hardships so impared his health that he had to return
home, and was employed afterwards in the recruiting service. He
was large, robust, florid complexion, over six feet in height. The
issue of Dr. Thomas Noble, and Mary (Harwood) Stockett were:
Mary — Wm. Alexander, merchant of Annapolis; Richard Galen
Stockett, M. D., of Stockwood, Howard County — Margaret Hall,
daughter of Major Henry Hall and Margery Howard, of Joseph.

Thomas Mifflin Stockett was second in command of a ship, and
was killed, in 1799, in an engagement with a French privateer.
Joseph Noble Stockett — first, Ann Caroline Battee, and left no issue.
Second, Ann Sellman, daughter of General Jonathan Sellman, whose
handsome portrait now hangs in the Stockett house in Annapolis.
Her mother was Ann Elizabeth Harwood, daughter of Colonel Rich-
ard and Margaret (Hall) Harwood. Their only issue was the late
Francis H. Stockett, of Annapolis, whose record of the Stockett
family was published in 1892, from which I quote.

The third wife of Joseph Noble Stockett was Sophia Watkins,
daughter of Major Joseph Watkins and Ann Gray. Their issue were,
John Shaaff Stockett — Georgetta Stockett; Thos. Richard — Jemima
Edmunds, of England. Dr. Charles William — Maria L. Duvall,
only child of Dr. Howard M. Duvall; Mary Sophia — first Dr. Richard
Harwood Cowman, Surgeon in the United States Navy; second,
John Thomas Stcckett, only son of George Lee Stockett, son of Dr.

96 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Richard Galen Stockett, of Howard County, who was a celebrated
civil service engineer and Past Master of the Masons. Ann Stockett,
of Dr. Thomas Noble — Rhoderick Warfield, of " Warfield's Range,"
Howard County, and with him removed to Kentucky, where they
raised a large family. Eleanor, daughter of Dr. Thomas Noble
Stockett — Turenne Watkins, son of Colonel Gassaway Watkins and
Ruth Dorsey, and with him removed to Kentucky.

Mr. Joseph Noble Stockett, who inherited the old Stockett home-
stead, was an ardent member of the ancient South River Club, as
his ancestors had been, and would there spend the entire day.

HARWOOD FAMILY.

One of the earliest surveys of 1651 upon Rhode River was
"Harwood," in the name of Robert Harwood. This tract was later
in litigation, but Abell Browne, the Justice and High Sheriff of
Anne Arundel, held it and willed it to his son, Robert Browne. Whilst
I have not found the fact, the inference is good that said Robert was
named for Robert Harwood, the original surveyor.

The most remarkable courtship on record was that of a Robert
Harwood, a relative of Dr. Peter Sharpe, the Quaker of Calvert.
In his will, of 1672, Dr Sharpe left a personal memorial to " Robert
and Elizabeth Harwood, their children and friends in the ministry."

The succeeding Harwood family seems to have come from both
Robert and a certain Thomas Harwood D. D., of "Streatley," Rector
of Littlelor, in Middlesex. He founded a school for the poor, and
was succeeded by several successive rectors. One of the earliest
deeds is that of Thomas Harwood, of Streatley, Berks County, Eng-
land, to his son, Richard Harwood, for " Hookers Purchase," at
the head of Muddy Creek, Anne Arundel County, Maryland.

The above Richard lived upon it, and by his wife, Mary, had
Thomas Harwood, born 1698, who married Sarah Belt; Pachard
Harwood — Anne Watkins.

Thomas and Sarah Belt were the parents of Captain Thomas
Harwood, of Prince George County, under General Smallwood. His
wife was Rachel Sprigg, of Osborne, of Prince George County. Issue,
Thomas, ancestor of James Kemp Harwood, of Baltimore. (2.)
Osborne Sprigg — Elizabeth Ann Harwood, daughter of Colonel
Richard and Margaret Hall, his wife. (3.) Margaret — Wm. Hall;
(4.) Rachel — Major Harry Hall, from whom comes Dr. Julius Hall,
of Baltimore. (5.) Lucy — John Battle; second. Colonel Richard
Harwood.

Richard Harwood, second son of Richard and Mary, the settlers,
married Anne Watkins, born 1737, and had nine sons and two daugh-
ters, twins. Their first son was Colonel Richard Harwood, of " South
River Battalion" (militia). His wife was Margaret Hall, daughter
of Major Henry, and granddaughter of Rev. Henry, of St. James.

Thomas Harwood, fourth son of Richard and Anne, was the
first Treasurer of the Western Shore of Maryland, under the Council

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howaed Counties. 97

of Safety, about 1776, and continued in that office until his death,
when he was succeeded by his brother, Benjamin. From Treasurer
Thomas, came Richard — Miss Callahan, whose son, William — Hester
Ann Lockerman. Their descendants hold the Harwood House, of
Annapolis.

John, fifth son of Richard and Ann Watkins — Mary Hall,
daughter of Major Henry Hall.

Samuel, sixth son of Richard and Ann — Elizabeth, daughter of
Thos. Stockett and Elizabeth Noble, his wife. They removed to
Montgomery County. Their daughter became the wife of Alex-
ander Warfield, of the Seneca.

From Nicholas, seventh son of Richard and Ann Watkins,
through his daughter, Sarah Duvall, is descended Dr. Marius Duvall,
United States Navy, From Mary, second daughter, wife of Wm.
S. Green, came Eliza — James Henly Iglehart. Matilda, wife of
John Nicholas Watkins and Nicholas — his cousin, Mary Augusta
Harwood.

Benjamin Harwood, the Treasurer, was immarried. The mina-
ture and trinkets foimd in the treasury some years ago, belonged
to him.

The issue of Colonel Richard and Margaret Hall, his wife, were,
Anne Elizabeth — Major Jonathan Sellman; (2.) Elizabeth Anne
— Osborn Sprigg Harwood; (3.) Richard Hall Harwood, Judge of
the Circuit Court of Anne Arundel — Annie Green. Issue, (1.) Eliza
— George Wells, of Annapolis; (2.) Mary Augusta — Nicholas Green,
her cousin; (3.) Matilda — David McCulloh Brogden; (4.) Rebecca
— N. L. Coulter.

(4.) Henry Hall, of Richard and Margaret — Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Colonel Edward Lloyd, of "Wye," in 1805. Issue, (1.) Betty
Francis Scott Key; (2.) Mary — Dr. William Ghiselin; (3.) Josephine
— Edward G. Tilton, United States Navy.

(5.) Joseph, of Richard and Margaret — Anne Chapman, and
second, Mitilda Sparrow. Issue, (3.) Ann Matilda — Charles Hoops;
(4.) James — Ann Mackall; (5.) Chapman — Elizabeth Claude; (7.)
Margaret — Dr. William Watkins, of Howard. Their son, Harwood
Watkins, editor of the Ellicott" City Times, and a popular young
lawyer, died unmarried in early manhood.

(6.) Thomas was a lawyer of Baltimore, and died unmarried.

(7.) Mary — Thos. Noble Harwood, her cousin,

(8.) Henrietta — Thos. Cowman. Issue, (1.) Thomas — Matilda
Battle; (2.) Richard — Harriet Green, later wife of Thomas Hall,
whose daughter, Henrietta — Wilham Hall, of Annapolis.

(9.) Benjamin, born 1783 — Henrietta Maria Battle. Issue, (1.)
Lucinda Margaret — Dr, John Henry Sellman, her first cousin; (3.)
Ann Caroline — Benjamin Harrison, of Baltimore; (4.) Henrietta
Eliza — George Johnson, son of Chancellor John Johnson. The
second wife of Benjamin Harwood was Margaret Hall, of William,
third, his cousin. Issue, (1.) Benjamin, of Mississippi; (4.) Mary
Dryden — Thos Kent; (10.) Priscilla — John B. Weems, who had,
(1.) Ann Bell; (2.) Mary Dorsey.

98 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Osborne Sprigg Harwood, son of Thos. and Rachel Sprigg, his
wife, — Ehzabeth Anne, daughter of Colonel Richard Harwood and
Margaret, his wife. Their second daughter, Margaret, — Wm. John
Hall, her first cousin, and had issue, Mary Priscilla. Fourth daughter
— Francis Henry Stockett, of Annapolis; fifth, Harriet Kent, —
Philip G. Schurar, of Annapolis; sixth, William Sprigg — Elizabeth
Sellman, daughter of Thos. Welsh and Elizabeth Sellman, his wife.

Third, Rachel Ann, third daughter of Osborne and Sprigg —
James Iglehart; issue, Anne Sellman — Jas. X Waddell. Second,
Harwood — A. Owen Kent. Third, James — Sallie Waddell; killed
at Battle of Gettysburg, 1863. Fourth, Wm. Thomas — Catherine
Spottswood Berkeley. Fifth, Thos. Richard Sprigg, youngest of
Osborne Sprigg and Elizabeth — Elizabeth Ann, daughter of Wm. P,
Mills, of Baltimore.

The deed from Thomas Harwood, of Streatley, to his son, Rich-
ard, closes as follows: "And from and immediately after his decease,
to the use of Thomas Harwood, son of said Richard Harwood, and
his heirs."

Richard, of this last Thomas, left his dwelling, " Hooker's Pur-
chase," to his niece, Lucy Battle, and to his sister-in-law, Rachel
Harwood, during life. "Anthony's Purchase," being the dwelling
of his late brother, Thomas Harwood, and after his death, to my
nephew, Osborne Sprigg Harwood.

Thomas Harwood, of Richard, the settler, left " Brazen Harpe
Hall" to his son, Benjamin; and Benjamin left it to his two children.
It was afterward divided and part of it is called " Harwood Hall,"
and is now owned by Mr. Beale D. Mullikin, a descendant of Benja-
min Harwood. The old Harwood burying ground is on that part
of the estate, but there is hardly a trace of it left. " Harwood Hall"
is about ten miles from Marlboro, Prince George County. Sarah
(Belt) Harwood, widow of Thos. Harwood, did not " chuse" to accept,
and wrote to "certifi" that she preferred her third part.

Major Sprigg Harwood was one of "the glorious nineteen electors."
In 1886, when seventy-eight years of age, he gave his view of that
memorable fight for constitutional reform, said he: "We had a
caucus in Baltimore, and agreed to assemble in Annapolis, and to
send an address to the twenty-one Whigs already qualified in the
Senate chamber, waiting for three more to make a quorum. But
they would hold no communication with us until we qualified. I
consulted my people here for instructions. They said, /Go; the
principle is right and we will stand by you' — for the people generally
thought the country was gone. John S. Sellman wrote to us to
meet at Annapolis; and, after some delay, three of the nineteen
concluded to go into the College. The Whigs, in return, gave us
what we were demanding — the election of the Governor by the people.
We were satisfied."

Major Sprigg Harwood was one of the county delegates to the
Congressional Convention, in favor of the dissolution of the Union,

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 99

and recognizing the Southern Confederacy. In 1864, he was a dele-
gate to the State Convention called by the people. He was also,
long Clerk of the Court for Anne Arundel.

^ THE HALL FAMILY.

All Hallows and St. James parish records give many items of
interest concerning both Halls and Harwoods. Rev. Henry Hall, the
first to come over, was a priest of the Church of England. He was
sent by Henry Lord Bishop, of London, with letters to Hon. Francis
Nicholson, then Governor of the Province, who inducted Rev. Henry
Hall as First Rector of St. James. This office was held till his death,
in 1722. A stained glass window to his memory is still in St. James
Church. In 1701, Rev. Henry Hall married Mary Duvall, of Mareen,
the Huguenot. They had five sons and three daughters.

From John are descended the families of Thos. J. Hall and
William Hall, of St. James.

From Major Henry, the oldest son, who married Martha Howard,
of Joseph, grandson of Captain Cornelius, were Henry, born 1727, and
John, born 1729. This last was Barrister John Hall, a very distin-
guished lawyer, who refused an admiralty, but was a member of the
Council of Safety, and of the Continental Congress. He married
Eleanor Dorsey, of " Hockley," but left no descendants. He was
buried on the farm called "The Vineyard," some seven miles from
Annapolis. A portrait of him is now in possession of Miss Nellie
Ridont, whose grandmother was a sister of his wife.

Henry Hall, the older brother of Barrister John Hall, was also
known as Major Henry. His wife was Elizabeth Watkins. Their
oldest son was Major Harry Hall, who married Margery Howard,
of Joseph and Martha, of "All Hallows." Issue four children, else-
where given. By his second wife, Rachel Harwood, he had five
children, viz. : Mary Anne — Councilor Thos. W. Hall, son of Edward
Hall, Their only son, Julius Hall, moved to Calvert County and
there practised medicine for a number of years. His wife was Jane,
daughter of Governor Joseph Kent, of Maryland. His son Julius —
Elizabeth Claude Stockett, daughter of Francis Henry Stockett and
Mary Priscilla, his wife.

The issue of Major Henry Hall, by his second wife, Elizabeth,
Lansdale, were: First. Edward — Martha Duckett. Issue, Eleanor
W. Priscilla, Henrietta, Richard, Captain John, and Thomas.

Second. Isaac, from whom descended the family of thiP late
Harry Hall, of West River, the father of Edward. Dr. Estep Hall
and Augustus Hall.

Third. Margaret — Colonel Richard Harwood.

Fourth. William, known as William, third. He married Mar-
garet Harwood, daughter of Captain Thomas, of St. James Parish.
Their son, Thomas — Henrietta, widow of Thos. Cowan. Their
daughter, Henrietta — Wm. Henry Hall, of Annapolis. The second
wife of Thomas, above, was Mary Watkins, who had John Thomas
— Harriet Barker, of Baltimore.

100 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Second. Richard, of William, third, left descendants in Prince
George County., viz.: Richard — Miss Perkins. Issue, the late John
Hall, Treasurer of Prince George; Turner, Summerfield Hall. The
daughters were Mrs. Marine, of Baltimore, Mrs. Beale, Mrs.
McDonald, Miss MoUie Hall, of Beltsville. Their homestead was
the handsome estate of Colonel Herbert.

Third. Margaret, of William, third — Benjamin Harwood, of
Colonel Richard,

Fourth. Rachel — Solomon Sparrow. I^^ifth. Harry — Anne
Geston. Sixth. Mary Dryden — Alfred Sellman. Seven. Elizabeth
Watkins, whose daughter Eleanor — Richard Sellman. Rachel Sprigg
— Dr. Blake Hall. Eight. Wm. John — Margaret Hall Harwood, of
Osborne Sprigg Harwood.

THE RIDOUT FAMILY.

John Ridout, secretary of Governor Sharpe, left a distinguished
family. He married Mary, daughter of Governor Samuel Ogle, and
his wife, Ann Tasker. Both v/ere buried at "White Hall."

Obituary notices of them are among the records of St. Margaret's,
written by their son, Horatio Ridout, Register of that parish for a
number of years. Horatio Ridout married Rachel Goldsborough,
of Cambridge. She bore him one son, John Ridout, whose issue by
a second wife were, Eliza N., Rachel S., Ann Ogle, Horatio and
Samuel Ridout.

Horatio, of John, married again, Ann Weems. Issue, Mary —
Jacob Winchester; Horatio — Jemima Duvall, of Richard; Rev.
Samuel Ridout — Hester Ann Chase, daughter of Thomas; Weems
Ridout — first, Elizabeth Duvall, second, Elizabeth Beeman; Orlando
Ridout — Margaret Atlee; Elinor Ridout, Francis Hollingsworth
Ridout died single; Anna Rebecca — Captain Thos. K. Messick;
James Maccubin Ridout and Miliora Ogle died single.

The descendants of Horatio and Jemima Duvall are, Horatio
Sharpe — Ellen J. Rogers; Zachariah Duvall Ridout— Ellen Messick;
Francis Hollingsworth — Eliza Shepherd; Weems Ridout, the cour-
teous merchant of Annapolis — Edith Marden; Grafton Duvall — Sallie
Dashiell; Charles — Carrie Conner.

Samuel Ridout, of John, of Horatio, was the friend and father-
in-law of Rev. Walter Dulany Addison. From him descends Dr.
Wm. G. Ridout, of Annapoils, who possesses a handsome portrait
of Mrs. Mary (Young, Woodward) Hesselius.

One of her descendants, upon seeing for the first time, the above
portrait of Mrs. Kesselius, asked. Dr. Ridout, "What queen is that?"
The reply was, "You are not far from right in calling her a queen,
for she had all the graces of a queen, and to her own family, she
was a queen of hearts."

There stands, to-day, a magnificent colonial residence upon a
hill overlooking the tragic battlefield of the Severn. It was built by
John Ridout and is still held by his descendants, of Annapolis.

Dr. Ridout, Jr., and Mrs. Ligon, of Howard, are of his household.

'-^m:tmt''

Founders of Anne Arundej. and Howard Counties. 101

THE BEALE FAMILY.

A Scottish family, with a ringing bell as its coat of arms, was
early represented in our province.

The leader was a famous officer, Colonel Ninian Beale, born in
Fifeshire, or near Edinburgh, about 1625. Having fought, in 1650,
against Cromwell at Dunbar, he was captured and transported to
Calvert County, Maryland.

This same immigrant was called the "Covenanter," whose zeal
caused him in some way, to be mixed up with the killing of a Bishop
Montgomery, in an effort to keep Episcopacy out of Scotland.

He came, in 1655, and located in Calvert County. Intelligent,
and of a strong character, he at once became a leader in the contests
of that period.

He was with Colonel Coursey and Colonel William Stephens,
" When they sent Captain Beale before them to find Captain Brandt."
Information being delivered into his lordship's hands by Captain
Ninian Beal^, it was ordered to be entered in the Council book;
and by his lordship's special command, power be given to Captain
Ninian Beale, of Calvert County, to press man and horse anytime,
upon urgent occasion, to give his lordship intelligence." Ordered,
also, at the same time, " that six men in arms, under Captain Ninian
Beale, be commanded out to continue ranging between the head of
the Patuxent, up to the Susquehanna, forth for discovery of the
Indian enemy." Captain Beale, in 1689, signed the Declaration of
Remonstrance, in which it was declared, that "All rumors of an
Indian invasion, supported by Catholics, were found to be false."

For Captain Beale's services he was granted an estate that
extended over several counties. He surveyed near the National
Capitol, and upon one of his surveys, a number of Presbj^terian
families were induced to settle. One of his tracts was the " Rock of
Dumbarton." Georgetown stands upon this survey. There was
another one at Bennings, and still another at Collington, Prince
George County. Here was located Ninian Beale, Jr., the testator of
1710, who named only two children, Mary and Samuel. His sister,
Jane, daughter of Colonel Ninian and Ruth Moore, married Colonel
Archibald Edmondson, whose daughter, Ruth Edmondson, married
Rev. John Orme, who married Elizabeth Johns, whose daughter, Char-
lotte Orme, became Mrs. Daniel Douglass. Colonel Ninian died, 1717,
age ninety-three years.

Colonel George Beall, youngest son of Colonel Ninian, born at
Upper Marlborough, in 1695, removed to Georgetown, and there
died, 1780. He built a large house upon N Street, and many believe
that he gave name to Georgetown. It was upon his property.

Thomas Beal'^, of Colonel George, by a second marriage to the
widow Beal^, had twin daughters, who became the wives of George
C. Washington and Major Peter, and mothers of Lewis Washington
and Colonel Peter,

102 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

"The Cedars," of Bennings, for Colonel Ninian Beale, was the
homestead of another Ninian Beale, whose family Bible reads as
follows: "Rachel born 1711; Ninian, 1713; Charles, 1715; Elinor,
1717; Joshua, 1719." He held "The Cedars;" married Sarah Green-
field, and had Captain George Beale, whose wife was Ann Truman
Greenfield. Their daughter, Ann Truman Beale, married Fielder
Magruder; Susan — Samuel Sheriff, and became the mother of George
Beale Sheriff, the last heir of "The Cedars."

Another Ninian Beal^ is found at Georgetown. He signs, in
a bold hand, "Ninian Beale, of Ninian." He is thought to be the
Ninian, of Ninian, who was born at Bennings, in 1713. His issue
were Charles, Ruth, Margaret, Mary, Rachel, Elinor and Susannah.
Ruth became the wife of Captain Charles Gassaway; Margaret —
Benjamin Edwards; Mary — Dr. Watkins, and left Gassaway and
Thomas Watkins, of Brookeville; Rachel — Hardidge Lane, of Vir-
ginia, and was the mother of Mrs. Coleman and Mrs. Vansweringen,
of Virginia; Elinor — Zachariah Offutt, of Montgomery County,
Susannah — Alexander Catlett, father of Grandison Catlett; Charles
Beale — a daughter of Lord Fairfax.

In 1719, two brothers, William and Charles Beale, took up
1,200 acres in Montgomery County, known as "The Brothers." In
1720, they surveyed "Beale's Manor."

A still later Ninian Beale, of Georgetown, had a son Robert,
who had a son James, who had a son Zephaniah, ensign in Captain
Edward Burgess Company of Montgomery Militia. He married
Keesiah White, widow of Wm. Pritchett, of " Eleanor Green," near
Rockville. Their son Rezin Beale, took part in the suppression of
the Indians, in 1790. The father was Major and the son became
General Rezin Beale, of Wooster, Ohio. He married Rebecca,
daughter of Lieutenant Johnson, and had Nancy Campbell Beale,
wife of Cyrus Spink, of Wooster. Their daughter Rebecca Beale
Spink — John Wilson McMillan, son of Martin McMillan and Nancy
Clark. Their daughter is Miss Kate Louise McMillan, of Wooster,
Ohio.

Another Ninian Beale married Elizabeth Gordon, and had
George, who married Ann Magruder. Brooke Beale was the seven-
teenth son of his father.

Another Beale family was in Annapolis. Hannah Beale became
^ the wife of Thomas Randall, and the mother "oTUrith (Randall)
Gwings. " - -

John Beale, whose coat of arms upon his will at Annapolis, does
not show a "ringing bell," was a distinguished attorney, connected
by marriage, with Howards and Dorseys and Norwoods. His name
was handed down in many allied families. His wife was Elizabeth,
daughter of Andrew Norwood, by Elizabeth, daughter of Captain
Cornelius Howard. Their daughter, Elizabeth Beale, became Mrs.
Wm, Nicholson, the mother of Beale Nicholson, and the wife of
Richard Dorsey, of "Hockley." A daughter of this marriage
became the wife of another John Beale.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 103

The following data was sent to me by Mrs. Dorsey of the Con-
gressional Library, Washington.

Tombstones of the Beale family, formerly in the Presbyterian
Cemetery, at Georgetown, but transferred to "Oakhill" at the same
place.

" Here lieth Colonel George Beale, who departed this life at
Georgetown, March 15, 1780; aged eighty-five years.

" Here lieth the body of Elizabeth, the wife of Colonel George
Beale, who departed this life October the 2nd, 1748; age forty-nine
years."

"Sacred to the memory of George Beale. He was born in
Georgetown, February 25th,' 1729. He died October 15th, 1807, in
the seventy-ninth year of his age. He lived respected, and died
lamented."

Will of George Beale probated at Rockville, the 17th of March,
1780. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Colonel Thomas Brooke
and his second wife, Barbara Dent. Their children were, Mary
Beale, under ten in 1750, when Barbara Dent Beale, her grandmother,
made a deed of a negro girl to her; she died 5^oung. Esther died
young. Thomas died young. George, born 1729. Leevin died in
Martinique; Patrick, Rebecca, Lucy Magruder; Thomas died young;
Mary died young.

Will of Colonel George Beale:

"In the name of God, Amen. To son Thomas Beale, 'Con-
juror's Dissappointment;' also a part of 'Dumbarton,' to be divided
by the main road, that part that lies south to belong to grandson,
George Beale. To daughter, Elizabeth Evans, negro man to serve
four years, and to be free made 15th March, 1780." Witnessed
by W. Smith, Richard Cheney, Abraham Boyd.

Thomas Beale bought "Conjuror's Dissappointment" and
"Rock of Dumbarton." Married Anne Deme. His will made, 14th
October, 1814; probated, October 7th, 1819. She died, 1827.
Their children were Elizabeth, married as first wife, G. C. Washing-
ton, and Harriet Ann, married Peter. Another daughter of Colonel
George Beale married Evans. On January 18th, 1720, George
Beale received a grant of 1,380 acres, known as "Rock of Dum-
barton." Liber, J. L., No. A. pp. 55, Maryland Land Records.

Will of George Beale, second son of Colonel George Beale. To
wife, Elizabeth, all real and personal property I received with her.
Two negroes; cochehee with two horses; $100 for mourning me and
right of dower in estate. To son George Beale, i^lOO, and to his
children, negroes named in the bill of sale recorded in Montgomery
County, after his death. Also to children of George Beale, Patrick
and Anna Beale, three negroes apiece. To son George, equal share
of personal property. To son Levin Beale, land he now lives on
during his life and that of his present wife, remainder between his
two children John and Anna Beale, to them three negroes apiece.
To grandsGi, Thomas, son of Ninian Beale, the same. Son Heze-
kiah and Ctptain Thomas B. Beale, executors. To son Hezekiah,

104 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties,

the rest of the jClOO. To Rev. Stephen Balch, two negroes and
their increase for his children. To Levin P. W. Balch, $150, To
Captain John Rose, negroes, etc. Will made the 11th of June, 1802;
probated, the 20th of October, 1807, Washington, J, H. p. 137.

His son, George Beale, was born 1748, died 1807, Captain
Thomas Brooke, born September 20th, 1770, died September, 1820.
Will made, November 23rd, 1808; probated, October 14th, 1820,

Anna married Captain John Rose, Elizabeth married Rev,
Stephen Balch,

I do not know the maiden name of Elizabeth, his wife, though
I have tried to discover it, ,.i,' „ j^ '^

v^ MAREEN DUVALL, THE HUGUENOT.

No more striking figure in colonial history is found than the
personal achievements of this fleeing immigrant from Nantes, about
1650.

He came as one of the one hundred and fifty adventurers, brought
over by Colonel William Burgess, He settled near Colonel Burgess,
in Anne Arundel County, on. the south side of South River and
became one of the most successful merchants and planters of that
favored section.

When political influences were most active during the revolu-
tion of 1689, Mareen Duvall was among the leaders who sustained
the Lord Proprietary, His name is found in Colonel Greenberry's
letter to Governor Copley, as one of the Jacobin party, whose
mysterious meetings he could not solve.

The land records of Anne Arundel and Prince George Counties
show that this Huguenot planter and merchant held a vast estate,
and left his widow and third wife so attractive as to become the
third wife of Colonel Henry Ridgely, and later the wife of Rev. Mr.
Henderson, the commissary of the Chuch of England. Together
they built old Trinity, or Forest Chapel, near Collington, in Prince
George County,

The will of Mareen Duvall is an intelligent one. It was pro-
bated, in 1694; about the time of the removal of the Capitol from
St, Mary's to Annapolis.

It is not known who were his first wives. One of them was
closely allied to the celebrated John Larkin, a neighbor and endur-
ing friend of Mareen Duvall, Five of his twelve children were
married during the lifetime of the Huguenot, " Mareen, the Elder,"
also called by his mother-in-law, "Marius," married Frances Stockett,
daughter of Thomas, He was the ancestor of John P, Duvall, a
member of the Virginia Legislature,

Captain John Duvall, who held another large estate, married
Elizabeth Jones, daughter of William Jones, Sr, of Anne Arundel
County. She added considerably to his estate. Thvnr daughter,
Elizabeth, became the wife of Benjamin Warfield, the y mngest son of

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 105

Richard, the immigrant. Her wedding gift was 780 acres of " Lugg
Ox," in the forks of the Patuxent. Her sister, Comfort, became
Mrs. Wilham Griffith, of Frederick County.

Eleanor Duvall, of Mareen, became Mrs. John Roberts, of Vir-
ginia. Samuel Duvall married Elizabeth Clarke, in 1687; Susannah
became Mrs. Robert Tyler, and was the ancestress of General Bradley
T. Johnson; Lewis Duvall married Martha Ridgely, only daughter
of Hon. Robert Ridgely, of St. Inigoes, in 1699.

"Mareen the Elder," and "Mareen the Younger" are both
named by the Huguenot testator of 1694. The latter seemed to be
his favorite. He married Elizabeth Jacob, daughter of Captain John
Jacob. His sister Catherine, married William Orrick, in 1700.
And his sister, Mary, in 1701, became the wife of Rev. Henry Hall,
the English Rector of St. James Parish.

The Huguenot names his daughter, Elizabeth Roberts, and
daughter Johanna, who became, in 1703, Mrs. Richard Poole. Ben-
jamin Duvall, of the Huguenot, married Sophia Griffith, in 1713,
daughter of William and Sarah (Maccubbin) Griffith. These were
the ancestors of Judge Gabriel Duvall, of the Supreme Court of the
United States. Benjamin and Sophia's issue were, Susanna — Samuel
Tyler; Sophia — Thos. Butt; Benjamin — Susanna Tyler. Issue,
Gabriel, (Judge of the United States Supreme Court), who was
twice married, first to Miss Bryce, daughter of Captain Robert, of
Annapolis; second to Miss Jane Gibbon, of Philadelphia.

Edward Duvall and Isaac Duvall, brothers of Judge Gabriel,
were lieutenants in the Revolutionary War, and remained bachelors.
Isaac Duvall, of Benjamin and Jemima Taylor, married Miss Hard-
ing, of Montgomery County, and removed to West Virginia about
1812. He owned an extensive glass factory at Charlestown, after-
wards Wellsburg, on the Ohio. He left three sons, among whom
was General Isaac Harding Duvall, and four daughters. From
Julia A. descends Mrs. Anne O. Jackson, of Parkersburg, W. Va.
and her sister Mrs. List, of Wheeling. From William, brother of
Isaac, by his wife, Harriet Doodridge, comes Mrs. Kate Rector
Thibaut, of Washington, D. C.

Mareen Duvall, " The Younger," by Elizabeth Jacob, had
Mareen in 1702, — Ruth Howard; Susannah — first, Mr. Fowler, and
second, Mark Brown. Elizabeth — Dr. Wm. Denune; Samuel —
Elizabeth MuUikin; Benjamin — Miss Wells; John — Miss Fowler;
Jacob — Miss Bourne, of Calvert. Samuel and EHzabeth (Mullikin)
Duvall, daiighter of James Mullikin, son of the immigrant, had
James — Sarah Duvall, of Mareen and Ruth (Howard) Duvall, and
Samuel, in 1740, — Mary Higgins. From Barton Duvall, of Samuel
and Mary, who married Hannah Isaac, daughter of Richard and
^n (Williams) Isaac, came Richard Isaacs Duvall, Dr. PhiHp Barton
Dtivall and Dr. Joseph Isaac Duvall.

Richard Isaac Duvall — first, Sarah Ann Duvall, of Tobias, and
had James M. Duvall, of Baltimore, Philip Barton Duvall, who
read medicine with Dr. Samuel Chew, of Baltimore, and graduated,

106 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

in 1860, at the University of Maryland, and went south in 1861, and
joined the Confederate State's Army and was killed at the battle of
Chancellorsville, Va. Samuel F. Duvall, of the Confederate Army,
several times wounded; Daniel C. Duvall, and Sallie, and several
other children who died in infancy. Richard Isaac Duvall — second,
Rachel M. Waring, of Francis and Elizabeth (Turner) Waring, and
had Richard Mareen and Marius Turner Duvall, twins, born 1856.

Richard M. Duvall, a member of the Baltimore Bar, married,
1895, JuHa Anna Webster Goldsborough, daughter of Dr. John Schley
and Julia Anna Webster (Strider) Goldsborough, of Frederick, Md.

Samuel and Elizabeth (Mullikin) Duvall had a son, Isaac, who
was twice married. One of his sons was Basil Mullikin Duvall, who
married Delilah Duvall, of Philemon, of Montgomery, and had issue,
Agrippa, of Kentucky, — Miss Smith, of Kentucky; Mary A. — Thos.
J. Betts, of Baltimore; Miss Margery Duvall; Van Buren Duvall,
of Texas; Augusta — Dr. Thos. C. Bussey, of Baltimore County;
Kate — George Ellicott, of the family who founded Ellicott City.

The homestead of Mr. Basil Mullikin Duvall, now held by Mrs.
Elhcott, is immediately upon the Cattail, of the Patuxent, in upper
Howard County.

The last wife and widow of the Huguenot was Miss Mary Stanton.
Before 1700, she became the wife of Col. Henry Ridgely, the immi-
grant, and with him, closed the administration of the estate of the
Huguenot. The younger Mareen objected to his guardian, Col.
Ridgely, but the courts did not sustain him. After the death of Col.
Ridgely, in 1710, Mrs. Mary Ridgely bought a tract of land from
Wm. Ridgely, Sr. and Jr., brother and nephew of her late husband.
Mrs. Mary Ridgely next appears as the wife of Rev. Jacob Hender-
son, the English rector sent over to visit the churches of the province.
Mr. and Mrs. Henderson left an enduring monument to their memory
by the erection, in 1735, of Holy Trinity Chapel. Having endowed
the same, they left it as a memorial to the public, and by act of the
General Assembly, it was converted into a " Chapel of Ease." There
is a marble slab in the vestibule, stating the fact of its erection at
the cost of Mr. and Mrs. Henderson. There are also a number of
memorial windows erected in it to the Duvalls, Mullikins, Bowies
and others.

The will of Mrs. Henderson, at Upper Marlborough, shows that
she had a brother in Philadelphia, and that her maiden name was
Mary Stanton. She was an intelligent and attractive lady. It is
not certain that she left any children by any of her three husbands.

RICHARD BEARD.

Richard Beard, of South River, came up from Virginia with
his brother-in-law. Colonel William Burgess. His wife Rachel, was
a sister of Mrs. Elizabeth Burgess, both daughters of Edward Robins,
of Virginia. He took up "Beard's Habitation," on Beards Creek,
and built Beards Mill. He represerted Anne Arundel in the Assem-

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 107

blies of 1662 and 1663. In his will of 1675, he named his sons Rich-
ard, (the deputy-surveyor, who made a map of Annapolis), and John
Beard. Daughters Ruth, Rebecca (Nicholson), and daughter Rachel
Clark, and her son, Neal Clark, who married Jane, daughter of
Captain George Puddington. Mrs. Rachel Clark next married
Thomas Stimpson, and by him had two daughters, Rachel and
Comfort. The former became Mrs. Colonel Charles Greenberry; the
latter, wife of John Dorsey, only son of Joshua.

Mrs. Stimpson next appeared as Mrs. Rachel Killburne. In
1701, she deeded to her daughters, Rachel Greenberry and Comfort
Stimpson, furniture, lots in Annapolis, large silver porring, small
silver tankard, large silver "cordiall" cup, silver punch cups, and
silver spoons. To her son-in-law,. Wm. Killburne, and her daughter-
in-law, Elizabeth, his wife, she gave several memorials. To Charles
Carroll she gave twenty shillings for a ring. To her granddaughter,
Rachel Clark, a silver bodkin and a gold ring. A memorial was also
given to Henry Davis, Sr.

During that same year, 1701, she became Mrs. Rachel Freeborne.
Her daughter, Comfort, was now named Comfort Dorsey. She gave
to Anna Hammond, daughter of Charles and Rachel, his wife (Mrs.
Greenberry), a negro girl. In 1716, Mrs. Freeborne sold to Charles
Carroll a house and lot adjoining Henry Ridgely. She deeded
"Turkey Quarter" to her son Neale Clark.

Thomas Freeborne took up "Freeborne's Progress," in Howard
County. It was later held by Robert Ridgely, of Elk Ridge, through
his wife, Sarah. This tract passed through several transfers, finally
deeded by Mrs. Margaret Gumming to Rachel Hammond.

Richard Beard named, as executors, his sons, Richard and John
and his "brother-in-law. Colonel Wm, Burgess." Both of his sons
left large families in Anne Arundel, from one of whom descended
Mrs. Lancelot Warfield, of "Brandy."

"^ JOHN GAITHER, OF SOUTH RIVER.

The name of John Gaither was sixth on the list of the corpor-
ation of James City. — (Holten.)

"Came in the Assurance, 1635, Jo. Gater and Joan Gater, aged
36 and 23 years, and John Gater, 15 years." — (Holten's List of Va.)

On a neck of land, on the eastern branch of Elizabeth River,
the Virginia records, already quoted, show John Gater (Gaither)
seated upon five hundred acres for the transportation of ten persons.
He was, also, a contributor to the support of the Non-Conformist
Church.

In 1662, the following record was made in Maryland: "Then
came John Gaither and demanded the renewment of a warrant for
450 acres — renewed." In 1663, John Gaither and Robert Proctor
surveyed "Abington," at the head of South River. It adjoined
"Freeman's Fancy," "Freeman's Stone" and "Freeman's Landing."

108 FouNDEEs OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

These three settlers were sons-in-law of Joseph Morley, whose
will, of 1674, made Robert Proctor and John Gaither his executors,
and legatees of his whole estate.

They sold "Morley's Lot" and " Morley 's Grove" to Colonel
William Burgess. Robert Proctor and Elizabeth, his wife, late
widow of John Freeman, and daughter of Joseph Morley, sold Free-
man's lands to Captain George Puddington, which were later bought
by John Gaither from Captain Edward Burgess, executor of Captain
Puddington.

Captain John Browne, mariner, of London, sold, in 1690, to
James Finley, three hundred acres out of "Abington;" said land
laid out for John Bearing. And during that same year, Captain
John Browne sold to John Gaither, lands that had been laid off for
Mr. Chapman out of "Freeman's Fancy." Captain Browne, also,
sold to John Gaither, lands in Abington, recently held by Robert
Proctor. At the time of his death, in 1705, John Gaither held all
of Freeman's lands and all of Abington, except that held by William
Ridgely and Elizabeth, his wife.

His widow, Ruth (Morley) Gaither, married again, Francis
Hardesty. Dying intestate, a commission consisting of John
Howard, John Hammond and John Duvall, divided the estate.

His heirs were, John Gaither, Jr., born 1677; Ruth, born 1679
— John Warfield (of Richard and Ehnor Browne Warfield); Ben-
jamin, born 1681; Rachel, born 1687 — Samuel White; Mary, born
1692; Rebecca, born 1695; Susan, born 1697.

John Gaither contributed liberally to the defense of the settlers
against Indian invasions.

John Gaither, Jr., as heir-at-law, deeded to his brother Benja-
min, and to Edward Gaither, portions of his father's estate.

The issue of John and Jane (Buck) Gaither were, Benjamin,
Alexander, Richard, David, Amos, Joshua and Rezin, all inheriting
"Abington."

By a second marriage, to Elizabeth, widow of Benjamin War-
field, he had John, Edward and Samuel Gaither. These inherited
and located upon "Left Out," near Dayton, Howard County.

From these descended Mr. Samuel Gaither, the Commissioner
of Howard.

Benjamin Gaither will be noted in Howard Coimty.

Edward Gaither, (of John) in 1715, resurveyed his father's
estate into "Gaither's Collections." This adjoined Richard Snow-
den's South River estate. Edward Gaither married Mrs. Margaret
Williams, whose two heirs were Joseph and Margaret Williams.
Their inheritance was "Folkland," "The Plains" and "Plumbton,"
adjoining.

The will of Edward Gaither, in 1740, named his daughter,
Rachel Jacob; son, Moses, inherited the surplusage of "Freeman's
Fancy," "Freeman's Stone," "Landing," "Gaither's Range,"
and "Round About Hills" — some three hundred acres. "To my
daughter-in-law (stepdaughter), Margaret Williams, 'Folkland,'

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 109

'The Plains' and 'Plumbton/ adjoining; a part of which was
bequeathed to my son-in-law (stepson) , Joseph Williams." His child-
ren named were, daughter Sarah, Edward, Jane, Leah, Dinah and
Moses, to whom he left his personal property. Wife, Margaret,
executrix. In her will, of 1762, she confirmed the title to her
daughter, Margaret Howard, wife of Joseph, and named her daugh-
ters heirs.

Edward Gaither, of Edward, married Sarah Howard, and came
into possession of "Gaither's Collection," and offered the whole
tract for sale, in the Maryland Gazette, in 1752. It was bought
by John Ridgely and others. He left no will, but, in 1787, his son,
Edward Gaither, Jr., who was a Colonel in the Revolution, and
field officer of the militia, a resident of Howard County, and a
witness to the will of Charles Carroll, left the following record:
"To my friend Colonel Rezin Hammond, I leave my Granby Dim
horse, my saddle, bridle, sword and gold mourning ring. To my
friend, David Stewart, a gold mourning ring and silver spoons. All
my estate to my mother, Sarah Gaither, and brothers, Henry, "^
Ephraim, John and Elijah Gaither, and sister Margery. To brother
Elijah, my lands 'Day's Discovery,' 'Gaither's Adventure' and part
of 'Rebecca's Lot,' bought of John Ellicott, and part of 'Mt. Etna,'
bought of Dr, Ephraim Howard. He and Colonel Rezin Hammond
my executors. Witnesses, Stephen West, Jr., Samuel Norwood and
John Railings,"

In 1798, James Gaither named his wife. Patience, who was to
hold his estate, which later descended to Dorsey Jacob, Jr., John
Hall and others, and Elizabeth Stansbury Gaither.

Margery Gaither, sister of Colonel Edward Gaither, married
Philemon Browne. Their daughter, Margery Browne married,
Thomas Warfield, of Caleb, and removed to Kentucky.

Nancy Gaither, of " Venison Park," near Savage, in 1817, named
her nephew, Basil Simpson, her sister, Sarah Middleton, brother,
Basil Simpson, son, Ephraim Simpson Gaither and nephew, Ephraim
Gaither, of William.

CHEW.

John Chew, of "Chewtown," Somersetshire, England, came to
Virginia in the " Sea Flower," in 1622, and was gladly received there
by m.embers of his family, who had preceded him, in 1618, in the
ship "Charitie," He settled at James City, built a house for his
wife, Sarah, and was a member of the House of Burgesses. He
is there recorded as a prosperous merchant.

He removed to Maryland with his neighbors, in 1649, and
received a grant for five hundred acres, paid for in Virginia tobacco.
With him came his wife, Sarah, and two sons, Samuel and Joseph.
Descendants of the latter, through a daughter of John Larkin, are
still residents of Virginia.

Samuel Chew laid out " Herrington," on Herring Creek. In
1650, a grant was issued to him as "his Lordship's well-beloved
Samuel Chew, Esq." In 1669, he was sworn in as one of the justices -

110 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

of the chancery and provincial courts. His name appears in both
Houses of the Assembly until his death, in 1676. In 1675, he was
Colonel Samuel Chew, and was ordered, with Colonel William Bur-
gess, to go against the Indians at the liead of the Severn. His will,
of 1676, bequeathed the Town of Herrington, negroes, able-bodied
Enghshmen, and hogsheads of tobacco, to his heirs, and made his
wife, ■ Ann (Ayres) Chew, his executrix She was the Quakeress
daughter of William Ayres, thus recorded in Virginia: "William
Ayres received two hundred and fifty acres on the main creek
of Nansemond River, in 1635, for transportai.ing five persons."
Perhaps this patentee was related to Thomas Ayres, associated with
Edward Bennett in a plantation in this county." Lower Norfolk,
"records a power of attorney from Samuel Chew, of Herringtown,
and Anne, his wife, sole daughter and heiress of William Ayres, of
Nansemond County."

Colonel Samuel and Ann Chew had a large family. Their
daughter, Sarah, is recorded in the Chew records, as the wife of "a
Burges." She married Captain Edward Burgess, oldest son of
Colonel William. Samuel Chew, Jr., was located on " Poplar Ridge."
From him descended Colonel Samuel Chew, of " Upper Bennett," a
member of the "Federation of Freemen," and Colonel of Militia.
He married, first, Miss Weems, and second, Priscilla Clagett, daughter
of Rev. Samuel Clagett. She was a sister of Bishop Clagett.

Colonel John Hamilton Chew, married his cousin Priscilla,
daughter of Bishop Claggett. Dr. Samuel Chew, of Baltimore, and
Rev. John Chew, of the Protestant Episcopal Church, were his heirs.
Captain Samuel Chew, of Herring Bay, and Colonel Philemon
Lloyd Chew were sons of Samuel Chew and Henrietta Maria Lloyd,
his wife, v/hose three daughters were, Henrietta Maria, wife of Cap-
tain Edward Dorsey, of the "Tuesday Club;" Mary, wife of Governor
William Paca; Margaret, wife of John Beale Bordley. These three
daughters resided in Annapolis.

The homestead of John Beale Bordley is now held by the Ran-
dall family. Retiring to Joppa, on the Gunpowder, and still later
to " Bordley Island," John Beale Bordley ordered champagne by
the cask, and Madeira by the pipe. It was an ideal home of an
age when spinning wheels and looms were going incessantly; when
brickyards, windmills and rope walks were in operation; when a
brewery converted the hops which Governor Sharpe had imported.
Colonel Philemon Lloyd Chew married Henrietta Maria, daughter
of Edward Tilghman.

Major Richard Chew, of Calvert, married Margaret Mackall,
daughter of General James John Mackall. Their son married Anne
Bowie, sister of Governor Robert Bowie.

Benjamin Chew, fifth son of Samuel and Anne Ayres, married
Elizabeth Benson. Their son was Dr. Samuel Chew, of " Maidstone,"
near Annapolis, who married, first, Mary Galloway, of Samuel, of
"TuHp Hill," and had Benjamin Chew, of "Cleveden;" Elizabeth,
wife of Colonel Edward Tilghman, and Anne, wife of Samuel Gallo-
way.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. Ill

Dr. Samuel Chew married, secondly, Mary, daughter of Aquilla
Paca, and widow of Richard Galloway. Their son was Judge Samuel
Chew, who married Anna Maria Frisby, and died at Chestertown
without issue. He was of the Supreme Court of Delaware.

. Dr. Samuel Chew, of "Maidstone," removed to Dover, and
became Judge of the three lower counties, now Delaware. He was
called the fighting Quaker, and was immortalized as follows:

"Immortal Chew first set our Quakers right;
He made it plain they might resist and fight;
And the gravest Dons agreed to what he said,
And freely gave their cast for the King's aid,
For war successful, and for peace and trade."

For sustaining the law passed by the Assembly of the three
lower counties, as a militia law, he was expelled from the Quaker
Society. In commenting upon it, he wrote: "Their bills of excom-
munication are as full fraught with fire and brimstone and other
church artillery, as those even of the Church of Rome."

The offense of Judge Chew was his decision that "self-defense
was not only lawful, but obligatory upon God's citizens."

His son, Benjamin Chew, born 1722, rose rapidly in law and
became eminent. He was Speaker of the House of Delegates in
Dover, and was a neighbor of Judge Nicholas Ridgely.

In 1755, he was Attorney-General of Pennsylvania. In 1756,
he was Recorder of Philadelphia. In 1774, he was Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. His definition of high treason
has become historical. Said he, " Opposition, by force of arms, to
the lawful authority of the King is high treason; but, in the
moment, when the King, or his Ministers, shall exceed the consti-
tutional authority vested in, them by the constitution, subrnission to
their mandates becomes treason." His object was reform rather
than revolution.

His hoterestead, "Cliveden," on the old Germantown Road,
became still more celebrated. In it had gathered the British forces,
who sent out a fire of musketry upon the American forces. The
delay caused by trying to drive the British from their stronghold,
occasioned the loss of the battle of Germantown.

Judge Chew's four daughters were celebrated for their beauty.
"Peggy" was the special admiration of Major Andre, a favorite
guest at "Cliveden." Upon her his poetic pen recorded many com-
pHmentary verses, still extant. When Colonel John Eager Howard,
the hero of the Revolution, had won "Peggy Chew" as his wife,
she remarked to some distinguished French officers, who were guests
at Belvidere, "That major Andre was a most witty and cultivated

gentleman." Her patriotic husband added: " He was a spy,

sir, nothing but a spy."

" The old homestead, with its rough walls of stone, its entrance
guarded by marble lions, is now blinded and defaced by age. In
its halls hang portraits older than the house." — (Marion Harland.)

112 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Harriet Chew, of "Cliveden," presided at "Homewood," of
Charles Carroll, only son of the signer. Juliana became Mrs. Philip
Nicklin and Sophia was Mrs. Henry Phillips.

From Benjamin Chew, the younger, through Katherine Banning,
came Benjamin, who married a daughter of Chief Justice Tilghman.
Eliza — James Murray Mason, father of Catherine, wife of John T.
B. Dorsey.

Henry Banning Chew married Harriet Ridgely, of Hampton.

Their descendants reside near Towson.

i^ PRESTON, AT. PATUXENT.

Colonel Richard Preston, of the Patuxent, was a leading settler
from Virginia. He arrived in Virginia, about 1642, and held a high
position for one of his faith. Surrounding him, in Nansemond
County, were many others of the same faith, opposed to the estab-
lished church, and with him removed to Maryland, in 1649. Richard
Preston arrived with his wife and children, numbering seven in all,
and entered land for seventy-three persons. Upon his demand,
Governor William Stone issued the following order: "These are to
authorize Mr. Richard Preston, commander of the north side of
Patuxent River, for one month next ensuing, with the advice of
his Lordship's Surveyor General, to grant warranty to the said
Surveyor for the laying out of any convenient quantities of land,
upon said river, on the north side thereof, not formerly taken up by
any adventurers that shall make their just title appear. Provided
that he, the said Mr. Preston, do testify such titles, particularly
unto the Secretary's ofhce before the return of the certificate of
Surveyor, Given at St. Leonard's, 15 July, 1651. — Wm Stone."

Five hundred acres were surveyed for him in 1650. It was
named "Preston." Upon this he erected a house which still stands,
and is the oldest house in Maryland. It is built of brick. It is
two stories high, with three dormer windows front and two back.
The lower room, where the assembly met, has been divided by a
plaster partition. The inner walls are panelled. A porch, with
the house roof extending over it, is in the rear. The house stands
on the neck between the Patuxent and St. Leonard's Creek.

Captain Wm. Fuller took up land adjoining it, and Governor
William Stone held lands not far below, on the south side of the
Patuxent.

In 1652, Richard Preston was commanded, by authority of
Parliament, to levy and raise one able bodied man out of every
seven of the inhabitants of the Patuxent, from the mouth of said
river as far as Herring Creek, with victuals, arms and ammunition,
to meet at Mattapania, and be thence transported for the service
under Captain William Fuller.

Colonel Preston's petition, signed by sixty of his neighbors, in
1652, to Richard Bennett and William Claiborne, Commissioners of
Parliament, was a stirring appeal for their rights. It was followed

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, 113

by another of similar tenor in 1653. Bennett and Claiborne replied
that these petitioners should secure their rights, advising them to
stand fast.

Then followed the struggle of the Severn.

John Hammond, in his pamphlet " Hammond vs. Heamans,"
records that he alone seized the records at Richard Preston's house.
Yet, in 1655, "attachment was granted Richard Preston on the estate
of Captain William Stone, to be liable to satisfy unto Richard Preston
the summe of twenty-nine pounds for gunnes and ammunition,
taken from the house of said Preston by Josias Fendall, one of
Captain Stone's officers and complices, in the last rebellion."

Richard Preston's name stands either at the head or next to
Captain Fuller's in all official acts of that period; and during the
absence of Wm. Durand, Secretary, the records were ordered to be
kept at his house. It is interesting to note the peculiar transition
m the early religious faith of these Virginia leaders. We find them
making stringent laws against Quakers, yet some of the most aggres-
sive leaders soon joined the Quakers. Captain Wm. Fuller, Wm.
Durand, Richard Preston, Wm. Berry, Thom^as Meers, Philip Thomas,
Peter Sharp, changed their faith; and even Richard Bennett suc-
cumbed before his death. Richard Preston's will left several tracts
of Eastern Shore lands to his daughters; but most of his Patuxent
estate to his son James, if he be living, or will come into the province,
to be held by him until his grandson, Samuel Preston, shall attain
to the age of twenty-one years. To his kinsmen, Ralph Dorsey,
John and James Dorsey, he willed a portion of personality and real
estate, in Calvert.

Samuel Preston later removed to Philadelphia, and left a long
line of descendants.

Mr. Dixon, who came into possession of this historic homestead,
has taken a pride in preserving the old building, which, though now
delapidated through age, stands alone as the one relic of a revolu-
tion, one hundred years before our Revolution for Independence. —
(Allen in Colonial Homesteads.)

DAVIS.

Seventy-five Davises are recorded among our "Early Settlers,"
during the decade of 1660-1670.

Sir Thomas Davis was of the London Company, to settle Vir-
ginia, and he came over in "The Margaret," to James City, in 1619.
During that same year he was in the Assembl}^ of Virginia from
"Martin's Brandon."

In 1637, Thomas Davis was granted a plantation of three hun-
dred acres for transporting six settlers. In 1642, his plantation was
upon the east side of the Elizabeth River, in Nansemond County,
from which most of our Virginia pilgrims came up to Maryland in
1650. Upon Herring Creek, in the very midst of these settlers, I
find a Thomas Davis. But in the absence of any testamentary

114 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

records, or Rent Roll records, in his name, previous to 1700, I am
inclined to believe that Thomas Davis, Sr., wife Mary Pierpoint,
whose will was made in 1743, but not probated until 1749, may be
called the settler

The will of Thomas Davis, Sr., shows that he had accumulated
a good estate. He names his dear wife, Mary, to whom is given all
his personal estate. "To grandson, Caleb Davis, son of Richard, I
give the lands where his mother, Ruth Davis, now lives, called
' Duvall's Delight,' two hundred acres. To son Thomas, 'Laswell's
Hopewell.' To son John, 'Davistone' and 'Whats Left, 'adjoining.
To son Samuel, lands in Prince George. To son Robert, "Ranters
Ridge.' To son Francis, 'Pearl' out of 'Diamond' and 'Davis
Addition' from 'Grimestone.' Wife Mary, John and Francis,
executors. Personal estate, after death of wife, to go equally to five
sons and five daughters."

Richard Davis was then dead, and Thomas Davis, Jr., followed
soon after. Both wills probated in 1749.

Thomas Davis, Jr., — Elizabeth, daughter of Benjamin Gaither.
He names his sons, Ephraim and Amos; daughters, Mary and Sarah.
To them was left a part of "Snowden's Second Addition." "To
daughter, Betsj'^ Davis, I give 'Benjamin's Lot.' " This was the
mother's part of Benjamin Gaither 's estate, and in her will as Mrs.
Elizabeth Brown, she names her son, Amos, and her daughters, Mary
Norwood and Sarah, wife of Edward Burgess, and daughter, Betsy
Davis. Ephraim Davis, of Thomas and Elizabeth (Gaither) Davis,
inherited the homestead at Greenwood. His wife, Elizabeth, was
from the house of Cornelius Howard, of Simpsonville, and as his
widow became the wife of Wm. Gaither.

Thomas Davis, the son, inherited the homestead. He was in
command of a company, and was at the front in the Whiskey
Rebellion in Pennsylvania. He was, also, President of the Board of
Trustees of Brookeville Academy, and was succeeded by his son,
Allen Bowie Davis, of "Greenwood."

Taking the name of his distinguished grandfather. General Allen
Bowie, Mr. Davis has made a reputation which goes beyond the
borders of his state.

As an agriculturist, he advanced to the highest success. As
an educator, he was always at the front. President of the Board
of the Academy, of the Public School Board and President of the
Board of the Agricultural College, he struggled hard to locate that
institution near his own home, where the natural soil was far better
suited for a "Model Farm." Mr. Davis wrote a very good httle
text book upon agriculture to be used in the public schools as an
entrance to the College of Argiculture.

His first wife was Comfort Dorsey, daughter of Chief Justice
Thomas Beale Dorsey. The mother of his children was Miss Hester
Wilkens, of Baltimore. His only son, William, died in Montana,
where he had married a daughter of Bishop Whipple. His sister,
Hester, died unmarried. Misses Rebecca and Mary Dorsey Davis

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 115

having retired from the beautiful old homestead, now reside in Balti-
more. Many relics of the homestead were donated by them to
the Rockville Historical Society.

2^ Robert Davis, of Thomas and Mary, was seated upon "Ranters'
Ridge," near Woodstock. His wife was Ruth Gaither, daughter of
John and Elizabeth. Their issue are found in the following trans-
fer of 1772, viz: "John Davis, oldest son of Nicholas, son of Robert,
Sr., and Ely Davis; Robert Davis, Thomas Davis and Ichabod
Davis, sons and devisees of Robert Davis, Sr., deed ' Ranter's Ridge'
to Rezin Hammond." Another transfer in the name of Ruth Ran-
dall, still later Ruth Nelson, widow of Robert Davis, and widow of
Nathan Randall, joined Caleb Davis, the legatee of both Nathan
and herself, in deeding a portion of " Good Fellowship" to Mr. Knight.
Still later Caleb, of Baltimore, deeded his interest in " Good Fellow-
ship" to several Baltimore agents. He was the father of Hon. Henry
G. Davis.

Richard Davis, of Robert, was the celebrated defender of Balti-
more, in 1814. His descendants still hold portions of the large
estate of Robert Davis. They are William and Richard Davis and
their descendants.

Richard Davis, of Thomas and Mary, was located near High-
land, Howard. He married Ruth, daughter of John Warfield and
Ruth Gaither. They had sons, Richard, Thomas — Mary Sapping-
ton; Caleb — Lurcetia Griffith, of Orlando. His inheritance was
"Duvall's Delight," on Patuxent. His daughter, Elizabeth — Philip
Welsh. This Caleb was not, as has been stated, the father of our
Democratic candidate for Vice-President. His brother, Thomas,
lived upon the Sappington estate near "Warfi eld's Range" and
"Laurel." This estate has only recently passed from the Davis
name.

Sarah Davis, of Thomas, — Colonel Henry Griffith, whose son
heired, through Mrs. Mary Davis and Dr. Francis Brown Sappington,
a tract near Laurel.

John Davis, of Thomas and Mary, — Anne Worthington/ Francis
Davis, of Thomas and Mary, — Anne Hammond, daughtef of John
and Anne (Dorsey) Hammond, and had Thomas Davis, who settled
in Carroll County. He was in the Revolution. His sons were,
Henry, George and Dr. Frank Davis. The first two have many
descendants in Baltimore. Mr. Harvey, Davis, of Howard, is a
grandson of Revolutionary Thomas Davis, j Zachariah Davis, brother
of Thomas, was located near Mt. Airy, in Carroll. His son, William
Davis, was the father of Eldred Griffith Davis, the popular collector
of taxes in Washington, D. C.

Mary Davis, of Thomas and Mary, — John Riggs, of "Riggs'
Hills." Ruth Davis, of Thomas and Mary, — Joshua Warfield, of
" Lugg Ox," whose mother, Elizabeth (Duvall) Warfield, married
second John Gaither, whose daughter, Ptuth — Robert Davis, of'
Woodstock.

116 Founders or Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

In addition to this line of Thomas Davis, of Anne Arundel, there
were several William Davis's — father and son. The latter held an
estate of Captain John Welsh. ~ There was also a Henry Davis, and
from him likely descen<ied Professor Davis, of St. John's College,
the father of Hon. Henry Winter Davis.

JOHN RANDALL, SENIOR.

This founder of a distinguished line of sons of Maryland, was
born in what is now Richmond County, Virginia, then a part of
Westmoreland Co., in 1750. He was the youngest son of Thomas
Randall, who came from England in the early part of that century;
settled in Westmoreland County, married Jane Davis, a daughter
of a Virginia planter; became a large land holder and a member of the
Court of Justices in the Northern Neck of Virginia. John put him-
self under the tutelage of Mr. Buckley, of Fredericksburg, an arch-
itect and builder, who designed and constructed many of the most
celebrated colonial residences and public buildings in Virginia and
Maryland. He came to Annapolis in 1770, where he designed and
constructed several of the most admired specimens of colonial archi-
tecture, among the rest, what is now known as the Lockerman or
Harwood House, on Maryland Avenue, Annapolis. He was an
earnest upholder of the rights of the colonies in the years preceding
the Revolution, but earnestly protested against the repudiation of
debts due to the inhabitants of Great Britian, as by published signed
protests of that day appear. At the outbreak of the Revolution
he was a merchant in Annapolis and was appointed, under a commis-
sion from the Governor and Council and afterwards by a resolution
of the Continental Congress, as Commissary in the Army. He served
during the Revolution as an officer of the Maryland Line and many
of his letters are in the Archives of Maryland. Returning to .
Annapolis after the war, he established himself there as a merchant.
President Washington appointed him Collector of the Port of
Annapolis and he held that position, or that of Navy Agent, until his
death in 1826, He married Deborah Knapp, of Annapolis, who
survived him with eleven children and died at Annapolis in 1852,
ninety years of age.

DANIEL RANDALL.

Daniel Randall, son of John Randall, the elder, was in active
service during the War of 1812, as a volunteer, and thereafter was
commissioned as Paymaster in the Regular Army. He served. as
such during the Indian Wars and the Mexican War under General
Scott and was at the time of his death in 1851, Assistant Pay-
master General and in charge of the Pay-Department of the Army.

He was highly esteemed and Fort Randall, then on the frontier,
was named after him, as evidence of his universal popularity.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 117

^ HENRY K. RANDALL.

Henry K. Randall, another son of John Randall, the elder, was
in the militia during the War of 1812; was then appointed an officer
in the Custom House in the City of Baltimore; was an Agent of the
Government in closing up the affairs of the Choctaw Nation in Geor-
gia and for many years afterwards was Chief Clerk of Revolutionary
Pensions in the Treasury Department. He married Emily, daughter
of Thomas Munroe of Washington, D. C. and died in 1877, survived
by her and two daughters, Mrs. William B. Webb and Mrs. Henry
Elliott. He was a large real estate holder in Washington and did
much to advance the prosperity of that city.

/ HON. ALEXANDER RANDALL.

Honorable Alexander Randall of Annapolis, son of John Ran-
dall, the elder, was born at Annapolis in January 1803; educated at
St. John's College, from which he obtained his B. A. and M. A.
degrees; practiced law for over fifty years in Annapolis, for over
twenty years in partnership with his nephew, Alexander B. Hagner,
afterwards Justice of the Supreme Bench of the District of Columbia.
He was appointed Auditor of the Court of Chancery by Chancellor
Bland. In 1841 he was a member of the Congress of the United
States, but declined a re-nomination; was elected by the Whig Party.
His colleague from the double district, as then constituted, was
Honorable John P. Kennedy. He prepared, as member of the Com-
mittee on the District of Columbia, a Code of Laws of Maryland, since
the separation of the District, which were deemed important to be
adopted by Congress for the District, and they were added to the
District Code.

He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1851 of
Maryland and in 1864 was elected Attorney General of Maryland.
In 1877 he retired from the practice of law and became the President
of the Farmers National Bank of Annapolis, of which he had been
a Director and the Attorney from early life. He died November
20th 1881 at his residence, in Annapolis, leaving twelve children sur-
viving him. He married Catharine, daughter of Honorable William
Wirt, Attorney General of the United States, who died survived by
five children; — his second wife was Elizabeth, daughter of the Rev.
John G. Blanchard, Assistant Rector of St. Paul's Church, Baltimore
City, who survived him with seven children.

During many years Mr. Alexander Randall was a Vestryman
of St Anne's Church, Annapolis and a member of the Board of
Visitors and Governors of St. John's College. He was a delegate
to the Diocesan Conventions of his church for many years, and
several times a deputy from Maryland to its General Conventions.
He founded and managed for many years, as president, the Annap-
olis Water Company, and its Gas Company; and was one of the
active promoters and directors in its first railroad company (the

y/

118 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Annapolis & Elk-Ridge), and telegraph company. He led a most
active and useful life — as a lawyer, as a citizen and as a Christian
— and left a large family of carefully educated and trained children,
who represent his influence for good, both in Maryland and in other

BURTON RANDALL, M. D.

Burton Randall, M. D., youngest son of John Randall, Sr., was
graduated as a physician at the University of Pennsylvania, and
was appointed assistant surgeon in the United States Army. He
had a long and active service through the Creek, Seminole and other
Indian wars; through the Mexican War and on the frontiers. Dur-
ing the Civil War he had charge of various important hospitals and
army posts. He married Virginia Taylor, a niece of General Zachary
Taylor, who survived him with two children. When he retired, in
1869, he held the brevet rank of lieutenant-colonel in the army,
and settled at Annapolis, where his family still resides.

JOHN RANDALL, JUNIOR.

John Randall, Jr., eldest son of John Randall and Deborah
(Knapp) Randall, lived and died in Annapolis, leaving no descend-
ants. He was a farmer and also a partner with his father in the
merchantile firm of Randall & Son, at Annapolis. He married
Eliza Hodges, of Anne Arundel County, and died in 186L

HON. THOMAS RANDALL.

Hon. Thomas Randall was the second son of John Randall, the
elder. After graduating from St. John's College, Annapolis, he
studied law in the office of Chancellor Johnson, the elder; was an
officer of the regular army during the War of 1812, severely wounded
in one of the battles near Niagara, captured by the British and
carried to Quebec; made a remarkable escape from prison during
the depth of winter, but was recaptured and exchanged after the
war; was Captain of Artillery, in 1820, but resigned and practiced
law in Washington, D. C; was appointed by President Monroe, a
Special Agent of the United States in the West Indies, to endeavor
to stop the depredations of pirates in that part of the world; was
appointed, in 1826, Judge of the Supreme Court of the Territory of
Florida, where he settled and practiced law, with his nephew, Thomas
Hagner, in Tallahassee; v/as appointed Adjutant General under
Governor Call, during the Seminole War. He married Laura, eldest
daughter of the Hon. William Wirt, and left surviving him, in 1877,
three daughters and numerous descendants.

RICHARD RANDALL, M. D.

Richard Randall, M. D., son of John Randall, the elder, was a
graduate of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsyl-
vania; settled in Washington, D. C, where he had a large practice.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 119

He was one of the founders and the president of the African Colon-
ization Society, and finally went out to Liberia as Governor. He
died there of African fever, a martyr to the cause of African Colon-
ization.

HON. ALEXANDER BURTON HAGNER.

Hon. Alexander Burton Hagner, born July 13th, 1826, in
Washington, was son of Peter Hagner, for many years a First
Auditor of the Treasury, and Francis Hagner, who was a daughter of
John Randall, the elder, of Annapolis, Maryland. Mr. Hagner grad-
uated at Princeton University, in 1845, read law and practiced law
in Annapolis, with his uncle, Hon. Alexander Randall. He was one
of the leaders of the Maryland Bar and engaged in many important
cases, civil and criminal, in the lower courts and in the Court of
Appeals. Also, in many important Naval Court Martials, among
others he was of counsel for the defence in the celebrated prosecutions
of Mrs. Warton for poisoning General Ketchum and Eugene VanNess.
He served as special judge in a number of cases in Maryland, under
the single judge system, which prevailed prior to the adoption of
the Constitution of 1867, where the regular judge was disqualified
from sitting. He was elected to the House of Delegates of Maryland,
in 1854, and was Chairman of the Committee of Ways and Means;
was a candidate for Congress, in 1857, and again in 1874, but was
defeated. In 1860, he was a Presidential Elector on the Bell and
Everett ticket. In 1879, he was appointed an Associate Justice of
the Supreme Bench of the District of Columbia, and held that posi-
tion until his resignation of it in 1903. During his long service on
the Bench, he presided in many important trials and wrote many
elaborate and important opinions. Among the chief of these is the
opinion in what was known as "The Potomac Flats Case," involv-
ing the government ownership of the extensive flats opposite the
City of Washington. Judge Hagner wrote that opinion, which was
adopted by the Supreme Court of the United States, and which is
one of the most important cases in its results upon the District
welfare, and one of the most learned and able opinions to be found in
our law reports. He married Louisa, daughter of Randolph Harrison,
of Virginia, and they live in the City of Washington, D. C.

^ HON. JOHN WIRT RANDALL.

Hon. John Wirt Randall, son of Hon. Alexander and Catherine
(Wirt) Randall, born at Annapolis, Maryland, March 6th, 1845;
educated at St. John's College, Burlington College, New Jersey,
and Yale University; read law in his father's office, who was then
Attorney General of Maryland; admitted to the Bar in 1868. He
was soon after appointed Register in Bankruptcy for the Fifth Con-
gressional District of Maryland, by Hon. Salmon P. Chase, Chief
Justice of the United States, who had been a student in the office of
Wilham Wirt (Mr. Randall's grand-father) whilst Mr. Wirt was
Attorney General of the United States. Mr. Randall served three

120 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

terms as Councilor of the City of Annapolis; revised and codified its
Ordinances and By-laws; served one term (1884) in the House of Dele-
gates, and four terms (1888, 1890, 1896 and 1898) in the Senate of
Maryland. During the last named session he was President of the
Senate, and was a capable and dignified presiding officer. He
remodelled the financial systems of the City of Annapolis and of Anne
Arundel County, by abolishing the old Collectors of Taxes and creat-
ing and regulating the Treasurer System; remodelled the Public
School System of the City of Annapolis, and provided by-laws and
a bonded debt for the erection of the present fine public school
buildings of Annapolis, and their management; was the author,
in 1884, and introducer of the Joint Resolutions of the General
Assembly establishing "Arbor Day" in Maryland, and, in 1898, of
the highly approved Road Laws of Anne Arundel Covmty, and of
many other valuable general and local statutes. On the retire-
ment of his father from the law-firm of Randall & Hagner, he
succeeded him as a member of that firm; and after the retire-
ment of the Hon. Alexander B. Hagner from the firm, by reason of
his elevation to the Supreme Bench of the District of Columbia, he
associated with him his brother, Daniel R. Randall, recently State's
Attorney for Anne Arundel County — constituting the law-firm of
Randall & Randall. Mr. Randall has been, since 1879, a director
of the Farmers National Bank of Annapolis, and since 1881, its
president. He has been, since 1874, a Vestryman and the treasurer
of St. Anne's Protestant Episcopal Church, and a member of the
Board of Visitors and Governors of St. John's College, since 1881,

He has represented his parish for many years, in its Diocesan
Conventions, and, in 1901 and 1904, was chosen by that Convention
one of its Lay Deputies to the General Triennial Conventions of
that church.

He has been president of the Maryland Bankers Association
and of the Maryland Civil Service Reform Association, as well as
of various industrial companies, organized to promote the prosperity
of his native city.

He is fond of historical studies and has contributed a number
of papers and addresses on such subjects. In 1895, at the request
of the " Baltimore Sun," he wrote for that paper, a series of articles
upon what was then known as "The Eastern Shore Law," consid-
ered historically and legally being the law, then prevailing, which
required that one of the two United States Senators from Mary-
land should always be a resident of the Eastern Shore. In 1899,
he was selected by the City of Annapolis, to deliver an address, as
its representative, on the occasion of the 250th anniversary of the
settlement of Annapolis, and the passage of the Religious Tolera-
tion Act, and delivered in the hall of the House of Delegates, an
address, which was published by the city in pamphlet form, and
much admired for its scholarly and historical ability. The same year
he delivered, before the Maryland Bankers Convention, on invita-
tion, an address on "Colonial Currencies," showing the peculiar-

Founders op Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 121

ities of the tobacco, wampum and fur, or peltry currencies of the
early colonies, which was considered as a masterly treatment of the
subject, and was published by the Convention. Some of Mr. John
Wirt Randall's other published addresses have been, " Divorce, and
the Marriage of Divorced Persons," a defense of the existing canons
of the Protestant Episcopal Church on the subject. "The Cen-
tennial of Maryland's First Banking Institutions," delivered before
the Convention of the Maryland Bankers Convention, in 1904.
"Some of the Wonders of Astronomy;" "Christian Manliness;"
" Lovers of the Beautiful, How They May Show Their Faith by
Their Works," an address delivered before the Philokalian Society
at St. John's College, etc.

He married Hannah Parker Parrott, daughter of P. P. Parrott,
of Arden, Orange County, New York, in 1879. They have four
children, three daughters and a son. Their eldest daughter was
married, in 1902, to Wm. Bladen Lowndes, son of Ex-Governor
Lloyd Lowndes. Mr. Randall owns and occupies his father's old
homestead, one of the most beautiful and interesting of the old
historic houses in Annapolis, with ample grounds about it, facing
upon the State House Circle.

AMOS GARRETT, FIRST MAYOR OF ANNAPOLIS.

When Annapolis had arisen, in 1708, to the dignity of a city.
Amos Garrett, its wealthy merchant, was its mayor. He was one
of the largest land holders in the county, and though a bachelor,
he seemed to buy lands simply to accommodate those who needed
money. These tracts were all later resurveyed under the title,
"Providence."

There is no better evidence of the Christian character of this
English merchant than that exhibited in his will, which I herein
condense, It was made in 1714. "I, Amos Garrett, merchant,
desire, if I dye in Maryland, to be interred after the third day of
decease. That there be in the house now occupied by Mr. Howell,
on my plantation, preached a funeral sermon, and that the gentle-
man remind all present to employ their time in doing good. That
my executor purchase a marble tombstone. I desire that my dear
mother, two sisters, brother-in-law, any of my nieces or nephews,
to see it performed. That at my funeral, there be not given such
plenty of liquors as is usual, but that many people coming from
far thereto, may have wine and cakes. And, if it cannot be gotten
ready at my funeral, as soon after my decease as possible there be
bought by my executor, at the best hand, one thousand pair of
men's and women's deerskin gloves, and ye same time be delivered
out to the poorest of my customers, husband and wife, widower
or widow, batchelor or old maid, each one pair, and an account be
kept to whom delivered.

"My funeral cost for wine and cake and gloves I would not
have exceed two hundred pounds. I used to buy good thick deer-
skin gloves for two shillings and six pence a pair. As to the cost

122 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

of my tombstone, I am not for a fine one. I leave that to the dis-
cretion of those concerned. I desire, also, the following books to
be sent for, to be delivered to every person that has a pair of gloves,
and can read, or that promises to take all opportunity of getting
some person to read to him or her. Any one having such books
shall not sell them but they shall descend to the next of kin. The
party to have his name wrote or stamped on the book.

"List of books: 200 Bibles, with testaments and common
prayer book; 100 of Dr. Jeremy Taylor's Holy Living and Dying.;
100 of ditto Golden Grove and Guide; 100 Dr. Wm. Sherlock on
Death; 100 of Dr. John Goodman's Penitent Pardoned; 100 of
Thomas Doolittle's on Lord's Suffering; 80 of Dr. AVm. Bates
Sermons; 100 of Thomas Wordworth's Remains; 100 of Matthew
Meade's Good of Early Obedience; 20 of John Bonn's Guide to
Eternity, making in all 1,000 books.

" I give out of my personal estate, to the children of my sister,
Mary Woodard, £600; to sister, Elizabeth Ginn, £600; To loving
mother, £1,000; to my brother-in-law, Henry Woodard, £300.

"To Henry Faces and Elizabeth, his wife, daughter of Seth
Garrett, £100 and one lot in Annapolis, where a free school is kept.
To Thomas Faces, a lot in Annapolis, adjoining John Baldwin. To
James Garrett, of Seth of London, lots in Annapolis, formerly Chas.
Killburnes. To niece Elizabeth Woodward, daughter of Henry, £300
and six tracts of land; to niece Mary Woodward, of Henry, £300
and six tracts of land; to nephew, William Woodward, £400 and six
tracts of land and tv.^o lots in Annapolis; to Hannah Woodward, of
Henry, £300 and six tracts of land; to Amos Woodward, of Henry,
£500 and six tracts and two lots, in Annapolis; to nephew Garrett
Woodward, of Henry, £500 and six or eight tracts; to mother, Sarah
Garrett, thirteen tracts and four lots, in Annapolis, during life, to
descend to sister Elizabeth Ginn; to the Church of St. Anne's, for
the use of its minister, a house bought of Samuel Dorsey, and four-
teen tracts of land; to my mother, £100 for mourning rings and
such memorials.

" In witness whereof to every side of this my will set my hand
and seal, it containing sheets of paper fairly writ. — Amos Garrett."

On March 29th, 1728, was exhibited the administration bond
of Amos Garrett, in common form by Amos Woodward, his admin-
istrator, with Samuel Relee, William Chapman, Caleb Dorsey, Rich-
ard Warfield, Richard Hill and John Beaie, his sureties, in sixty
thousand pounds sterling, dated 28th, March, 1728, which bond is
ordered to be filed. At the same time, was exhibited by said Amos
Woodward, a will of said Amos Garrett, Esq., made in the year,
1714, but not evidenced or executed, which at the request of said
Amos Woodward, is ordered to be recorded at the expense of the
estate.

The tablet seen on Mr. Garrett's tombstone, in St. Anne's
churchyard, is identical with the words of his will. It is upon a
slab of white marble, with a griffin rampant surrounded by fieur

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 123

di lis, with the following inscription: "Here lieth interred the body
of Mr. Amos Garrett, of the City of Annapolis, in Anne Arundel
County, in the Province of Maryland, merchant, son of Mr. James
and Mrs. Sarah Garrett, late of St. Olive Street, Southwark, then
in the Kingdom of England, now a part of Great Brittian, who
departed this life on March 8th, 1727. Aetatis 56."

WOODWARDS.

William Woodward, of London, sent three sons to Maryland.
They were Henry Woodward, William Woodward and Abraham
Woodward.

Henry Woodward located upon the Patuxent, and married
Mary Garrett, sister of Amos Garrett, the wealthy merchant of
AnnapoHs, first mayor of the city. They had issue, William Wood-
ward, known as the Goldsmith; Mary — Mr. Holmes, of England;
Elizabeth — Benjamin Baron, of Maryland; Sarah — C. Calhon, of
England. Amos Woodward, of Henry, married Achsah Dorsey, of
Caleb and Elinor (Warfield) Dorsey. Issue, Mary, Elinor, Eliza-
beth; Henry Woodward, only son of Amos, married Mary Young,
daughter of Colonel Richard Young and Rebecca Holsworth, his
wife, of Calvert County. Issue, Rebecca — Philip Rogers; Eleanor —
Samuel Dorsey; Mary — first, Mr. Govane, second, Samuel Owings;
Harriet — first. Colonel Edmund Brice, second, Colonel Alexander
Murray; Achsah died young.

Mary (Young) Woodward — second John Hessilius Artist.

WilHam Woodward, of William, of London, left three children,
Elizabeth, Hannah and William.,

Abraham Woodward, (of William of London) — first, Elizabeth
Firlor, second, Mrs. Priscilla Orrick, widow of James Orrick, Issue, ,

William, Rebecca, Martha, Abraham, Thomas, Mary — Wm. Tarris, ^o-^^-^
Priscilla, Henry, Elizabeth and Eleanor,

William — Alice Ridgely, daughter of WilHam and Jane
(Westall)Ridgely. Issue, Jane — Nelson Waters; Henry — Mary White;
Abraham, killed in the Revolution; William, Jr. — Jane Ridgely,
daughter of William and Mary Orrick. Issue, William — Mary
Jacobs and went west; Henry, born 1770; Ahce — Stephen Wat-
kins; Ann — William Ridgely, of Allegheny; Sarah — Mr. Connand
went to Tennessee. ^

Henry Woodward, born 1770 — Eleanor Turner (widow), daugh- ''

ter of Colonel Thomas Williams and Rachel Duckett, his wife.
Issue, Jane Maria — Judge WilHam Henry Baldwin; WilHam — '" .
Virginia Burneston; Henry Williams Woodward — first, Sarah ^
GambriU, second, Mary E. Webb; Rignal Duckett — second, M. J. ^
Hall; Rachel Ann, Eleanor, and Martha Ridgely — James RawHngs.

Henry Williams Woodward and Sarah GambriU, of Augustine,
had issue, Juliet — Professor Phil. Moore Leakin. Issue, Mrs.
Robert Welsh, of Baltimore; Phil. Moore Leakin, of New York, and
a brother in Baltimore.

124 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Henry Williams Woodward — second, Mary Edge Webb. Issue,
William Woodward, born December 31st, 1835, died March 20th,
1889, and James T. Woodward, president of the Hanover Bank,
New York. (Elsewhere recorded.)

William Woodward was a cotton merchant, and one of the
founders of the Cotton Exchange. In 1864, he removed from
Baltimore to New York, where he died. He was a member of the
Union, Manhattan, Yacht Club, Lewannaka, Tuxedo, South Side
Fishing Club, Racket, and, also, member of the Baltimore and
Washington clubs. He married, September 27th, 1865, Sarah
Abigail, daughter of Samuel and Mary (Peckham) Rodman, of
■Rhode Island. Issue Mary Edge, Julia Rodman, Edith and William
Woodward, graduate of Harvard, class of '98, and of the Harvard
Law School, of 1901. His clubs are Institute Porcellain, Institute
Zees.

Jas. T. Woodward, of New York, holds the homestead, " Edge-
wood," just north of Gambrill's Station. It was his birthplace.
Mr. James T. Woodward went to New York soon after the war,
and became connected with the importing house of Ross, Campbell
& Co. His good business judgment and habit of observing closely
the conditions of trade throughout the general field, gave value to
his opinions on commercial matters. In the early seventies he
became a director in the Hanover Bank. His acquaintance among
the important men of the financial district was broadening, his
experience was ripening.

In 1877, the large interest of the well-known bankers J. & I.
Stewart, in the Hanover Bank, was bought by Mr. Woodward and
his late brother, William Woodward, Jr. He was elected to the
presidency of the bank, and retired from the importing firm in which
he had become a partner.

Mr. Woodward has been president of the Hanover Bank since
that time. When he assumed the presidency the deposits of the
bank were $6,000,000; they are now $45,000,000. There could be
no more striking evidence of the wisdom of his management.

The fact that he has brought his bank to be one of the three
leading banks of the City of New York, is ample proof that he has
won and enjoys the confidence of the business community. But
Mr. Woodward has a broader sphere of influence than that. His
attentive observation of the money market, now a fixed habit, has
made him a man to be consulted in the financial district. In the
preliminary discussions of large investments, in investigations that
precede bond sales by the United States Treasury, and in the
determination of financial policies, Mr. Woodward's views are
influential and always incline to the side of safety and prudence.

He has a characteristically positive way of expressing his opin-
ions, which is often observed in men whose conclusions are the fruit
of ripe thought, and may, therefore, be given with confidence. At
a meeting of the Clearing House Association, held on October 4th,
last, Mr. Woodward, although he had not sought the place, was

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 125

elected president of the Association; an office, at once, of both
dignity and responsibility. The Clearing House is the vigilant
guardian of the financial interests of the commercial community,
and a tower of observation over all banks; guarantor to the business
public that no bank can go far into imprudence without detection.

Like a wise man, Mr. Woodward looks also to the pleasant
things of life, as the means for banishing cares.

Though a model of punctuality, when duty calls, yet when the
season and weather are propitious, he comes to visit his plantations
in Anne Arundel, near Gambrill's Station, and in Prince George, at
Collington, to hunt across country, maintaining the old favorite
pastime of his colonial ancestors. He delights to have his social
companions of New York join him, at his bachelor quarters, during
the hunting season. Amiable, agreeable and entertaining, his friends
are lasting and loyal.

He is a member of numerous clubs, among them being the Union,
the Knickerbocker, the Metropolitan, the Tuxedo, and the Riding
Club.

Mr. Woodward is also taking interest in developing the useful-
ness of St. John's College. Woodward Hall has been erected to his
name. He has also succeeded in paying off the debt upon St. John's.
After the inauguration of Governor Warfield, Mr. Woodward brought
a tally-ho party from New York, to call upon him at the govern-
ment house.

SKETCH OF THE LIFE OF THE LATE RIGNAL T.

WOODWARD, OF ABINGTON FARM, MILLERSVILLE,

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY, MD.

Rignal T. Woodward was born at Abington Farm, Anne Arundel
County, Maryland, his father's place. His father was the Hon. Rignal
Duckett Woodward, the third son of Henry Woodward, of Anne
Arundel County, and his wife, Eleanor Williams, of Prince George
County. His mother was a Miss Elizabeth Hardisty, whose mother
was Miss Hodges. The Hon. Rignal Duckett Woodward was a
planter, one time sheriff of the county, and for a number of years,
presiding justice of the Orphans Court. He died in 1888. >

Rignal T. Woodward was educated at the Academy at Millers-
ville. His father wanted him to go to college, but he preferred to
go into business. When he was seventeen years old he entered the
office of his uncle Mr. William Woodward, a commission merchant,
doing business in the city of Baltimore under the firm name of
William Woodward & Co. Later the firm name was changed to Wood-
ward, Baldwin & Co. In 1863, the firm opened an office in New
York City, and he was sent there. In October, 1863, he was
admitted into the firm as a partner. On January 26th, 1864, he
married Mary H. Raborg, the eldest daughter of Dr. Christopher
H. Raborg, of Baltimore. By her he had eight children, namely:

126 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Mary Raborg, born December 19th, 1864, died August 10th,
1865; Rignal Duckett, December 28th, 1865; Christopher Raborg
born January 24th, 1867, died August 16th, 1868; Wilham Baird,
born April 4th, 1868, died August 18th, 1868; Christopher H. R.,
born May 31st, 1869; Mary Raborg, born December 16th, 1870;
Charles Woodward, born June 2nd, 1872; Elijah, born July 14th,
1874.

Mr. Woodward continued to reside in New York City until May,
1898, when he moved to Morristown, New Jersey. His wife, Mary H.
(Raborg) Woodward, died March 5th, 1900. On the death of his
father, Mr. Woodward became the owner of Abington Farm. On
February 5th, 1902, he married JuHa Winchester Bowling, daughter
of Chief Justice Benjamin Winchester, of Louisiana. The death
of Mr. Woodward was recently announced in the Baltimore Sun.
The interment was in his native county.

Wilham Woodward, (of Henry, of Wilham, of London,) and Jane,
his wife, had William Garrett Woodward and Maria G. Woodward,
who became Mrs. Edmiston, of London. A letter from the former
to the latter, giving a good view of the trying days in which he
lived, and containing some genealogical information, is still pre-
served by his descendants.

Wilham Garrett Woodward married Dinah Warfield, daughter
of Alexander and Dinah Davidge. They had two daughters.

Maria Graham became the second wife of Captain Henry Bald-
win; Ehzabeth Woodward became the second wife of Alexander
Warfield, of Sam's Creek,

Wilham Woodward, late head of Woodward, & Baldwin & Co.,
of Baltimore, leading dry-goods merchants, descendant of Henry and
Eleanor (Williams) Woodward, removed to Baltimore, and entered
the house of Mullikin & Co. He later formed the partnership of
Jones & Woodward, which was merged into Woodward, Baldwin
& Co. Mr. Woodward was an organizer of the first temperance
society of Maryland. He was a director in numerous institutions.
His wife was Virginia Barnetson, of Baltimore. Six daughters and
three sons are their heirs.

Mr. Woodward was ranked as a christian philanthropist, and
an enterprising man ' of business, worthy to succeed the great
merchant, Amos Garrett, of Annapolis.

Thomas Woodward, son of Abraham, of William, lived at Wood-
wardville, in Anne Arundel, upon the Patuxent. He married Mrs.
Margaret I jams, nee Margaret Waters. Issue, Abraham, Nicholas
R., Priscilla. Nicholas R. Woodward married Margaret Mullikin,
and left Sophia Hall — Richard Anderson; Eliza Ann, Catherine M.
— Jacob Strider. By a second wife, Sarah Gambrill, Nicholas R.
Woodward had John Randolph — Caroline V. Gardner; Abraham
. — Annie Anderson; Emily R. Nicholas; Daniel Dodge — Jennie
nderson.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 127

Mr. William Nicholas Woodward, son of John Randolph Wood-
ward, is now Deputy Clerk of Anne Arundel. He married Jennie
G. Ashwell, of New Jersey. His sisters are, Mrs. Laura M. Moore,
of West Virginia, and Annie V. Woodward.

Mr. Woodward was born at Woodwardville. He has a place
south of Gambrill's Station, and also holds the old Dorsey property
near Savage. He resides in Annapolis, and has recently purchased
a property upon Murray Hill.

THE PINKNEY FAMILY.

In the house just opposite the Chase mansion, afterward owned
by the Lockerman and Harwood families, was born William Pink-
ney, the fifth Bishop of Maryland. His paternal grandfather,
Jonathan Pinkney settled in Annapolis before the Revolution. He
was a sturdy Englishman, but " He adhered with a mistaken, but
honest firmness, to the cause of the mother country, and suffered
severely the consequences of his conscientiousness." All of his
property was confiscated.

The five children of Jonathan Pinkney by his two wives, both
sisters, were Margaret, Nancy, Jonathan, William and Ninian.

Jonathan, Jr., was cashier of the Farmers Bank of Maryland.
He left a large family. William became the great lawyer and states-
man, whose history is given below. The third son, Ninian, was the
father of Bishop Pinkney, of Maryland. He was twice married; his
first wife was a sister of Mr. Louis Gassaway, but left no heirs; the
second was Mrs. Amelia Grason Hobbs, a widow with three children.
She was the daughter of Richard Grason, of Talbot County, and
sister of the governor. The children by Mr. Pinkney were Amelia,
William and Ninian.

The father held the important position of "Clerk of the Council"
for thirty years. Mrs. Pinkney's vivid remembrances of both wars
are extant, and are reproduced in Rev. Orlando Hutton's life of
Bishop Pinkney.

After removing from their home on Maryland Avenue, the
family lived, until the death of Mrs. Pinkney, in a frame cottage,
under the shadow of the Naval Academy, and close to the then
governor's palace. In 1853, the site was sold to the government,
but Mrs. Pinkney was allowed to remain during life.

William Pinkney, second son of the English settler, was a
student of King William's School. It is related that Judge Samuel
Chase, towards the close of the American war, stepping one day into
a debating society, was astonished at the eloquence of a young drug
clerk. Seeking him out, the Judge urged him to study law. The
young clerk made known his necessities, whereupon Judge Chase
offered him his library, which was accepted. The young man was
William Pinkney. Admitted to the bar in 1786, he afterwards
became "the wonder of his age."

128 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

In 1788, William Pinkney was a delegate to the convention
which ratified the Constitiution of the United States. He was
later a member of the House, Senate and Council. In 1796, was
commissioner under the Jay treaty. In 1805, was Attorney-Gen-
eral of Maryland. In 1806, was minister to England. In 1811,
was Attorney-General of the United States.

At the battle of Bladensburg, in 1812, he commanded a
volunteer company, and was wounded. He handed down to his
distinguished relative. Bishop William Pinkney, of Bladensburg, a
statement giving the cause of that disastrous defeat as a want of
both powder and preparation. Mr. Pinkney was in Congress in
1815, and a minister to Russia in 1816. Upon his return, he was
given an ovation in his native city. In 1819, he was elected United
States Senator, which he held until his death in 1822.

The latest Pinkney homestead, in Annapolis, stood facing the
State House. The site is now occupied by the new State building for
the Court of Appeals and State Library, but the Pinkney building
was removed intact, to a site opposite College Green. It is still
held by his descendants.

HON. REVERDY JOHNSON.

Honorable Reverdy Johnson was born at Annapolis, 21st of
May, 1796, in the house, the beautiful park of which, extends to
State House Circle, now the property of Hon. J. Wirt Randall.

Mr. Johnson was educated at St. John's College, and at seven-
teen years of age, began the study of law. He was the son of Hon.
John Johnson, Judge of the Court of Appeals and Attorney-Gen-
eral of Maryland, who married Deborah Ghiselen, daughter of
Reverdy Ghiselen, long commissioner of the Land Office at Annapolis.

Reverdy Johnson commenced his career at Marlborough. His
first attempt was a failure. He became discouraged and thought
of giving it up; but upon the advice of Judge Edmund Key, of
that judicial circuit, determined to continue. He was appointed
State's Attorney for Prince George, in 1817. Two years later removed
to Baltimore, where he made the reputation of a profound student of
law. With Mr. Thomas Harris, he reported the decisions of the
Maryland Court of Appeals (seven volumnes).

In 1821, he was elected a State Senator and re-elected in 1825.
In 1845, was chosen United States Senator; resigning, in 1849, to
accept the office of Attorney-General under President Taylor. He
was a member of the Peace Commission, in 1861; was elected
United States Senator again in 1862. In 1868, General Grant
appointed him minister to England, where he negotiated the treaty
for the settlement of the Alabama claims. This treaty was rejected
and he was recalled in 1869. Though a Unionist, he voted, in 1866,
against the impeachment of President Johnson.

Reverdy Johnson married Mary Mackall Bowie, daughter of
Governor Robert Bowie. Her portrait, painted by Sully, whilst at
the Court of St. James, is now in the Peabody Institute. She was

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 129

the financial manager of the household that he might be free for
public duties. In 1869, they celebrated their golden wedding. She
died in 1873, and he in 1876, whilst a guest at the governor's man-
sion in Annapolis, within a stone's throw of his birthplace, and in
sight of his Alma Mater.

SAPPINGTON FAMILY.

The records of All Hallows show two brothers, Thomas and
John Sappington, near South River. They had clearly come down
the bay from the homestead of Nathaniel Sappington, of Cecil
County, whose home was near the Sassafras River.

The will of Thomas Rutland, of South River, probated 1731,
names his son, Thomas ; daughter, Elizabeth Stuart; grandson,
Thomas Sappington, and granddaughter, Jeane, child of daughter
Ann Wayman, wife of Leonard Wayman.

The records of All Hallows show the marriage of Thomas
Sappington to Mary Rutland, and the birth of their son, Thomas
Sappington, legatee of Thomas Rutland. John Sappington, of All
Hallows, located his son, John Sappington, Jr., upon the estate known
as "Sappington," upon which still stands the quaint little college
at Sappington Station, of the Annapolis & Elk Ridge railroad. The
present house is claimed to have been built by Caleb Sappington,
of John, Jr. It is an interesting relic of earlier days.

The Sappington family will be continued in Howard Coimty
records.

RUTLAND FAMILY.

Thomas Rutland, the settler, married a daughter of Thomas
Linthicum. Three succeeding Thomas Rutlands follow. The daugh-
ters of the first were, Mrs. Elizabeth Stuart, Mrs. Ann Wayman and
Mrs. Mary Sappington. Thomas Rutland's wiU, of 1783, names his
descendants.

The second Thomas Rutland married Ann Beale daughter of
John and Elizabeth Norwood, daughter of Andrew by his wife,
Elizabeth Howard, of Captain Cornelius. The will of Mrs. Thomas
Rutland, in 1773, names her aunt, Hannah Norwood.

She gave a pair of sleeve buttons to Mary Snowden, daughter
of Eliza (Rutland) Snowden, but left the bulk of her estate to the
daughters of her sister, Elizabeth (Nicholson) Dorsey. Those nieces
were Ann Beale, Eliza Harrison and Mary Dorsey. The will of
Joseph Howard shows 'his daughter married another Thomas
Rutland. There was a row of houses in AnnapoHs, built by Thomas
Rutland, the large importing merchant of AnnapoHs.

RANDALL.

Early among the land holders of North Severn, was Christopher
Randall, who held "Randall's Range," "Randall's Fancy" and
"Randall's Purchase." He died in 1684, when an inventory of his

130 Founders of Anne Aeundel and Howard Counties,

estate returned by Matthew Howard, shows his wife was Joan.
Richard Owings, a brother-in-law of Thomas Randall, son of Christo-
pher, was a debtor, and Christopher, Jr., Thomas Randall and one
sister were the heirs. All these removed to Baltimore County.

Closely connected with this Randall family were the English
merchants, Thomas and Anthony Bale, written in the chancery
records as both Bale and Beal. The will of Urath Bale, who names
her aunt, Hannah Randall, is on record at Annapolis. Hannah
Bale became the wife of Thomas Randall, who died in 1722. Her
will, of 1727, names her son, Christopher, and her daughter, Urath
(Urith), later wife of Samuel Owings, of Owings Mills.

Mrs. Hannah Randall also named her daughter-in-law, Catherine,
wife of Christopher, her son, and leaves a ring to her brother-in-law,
Christopher Randall, whose wife was Ann. The latter left a will,
in Baltimore, naming his sons, Roger, Aquilla and John. The latter
heired the Anne Arundel estate. The daughters were Johanna, Ruth
and Rachel,

Christopher and Thomas united, in 1710, in selling "Randall's
Range" to John Harwood.

Both branches of this family live in the neighborhood of Ran-
dallstown and Owings Mill. The estate of Samuel Owings occu-
pied a pretty large slice of Baltimore County, and all through the
West are descendants who still bear the name of Urith, handed
down from "Urath Bale."

Captain John Randall, of Anne Arundel, held "a flat," in 1731,
from which a man fell and was drowned. — (St. Paul Records.)

Richard Randall, of Anne Arundel, owned "Tower Hill." His
heirs were Margaret, Elizabeth and John Randall. They sold this
tract in 1792. Richard Randall's sisters were, Elizabeth — Ben-
jamin Atwell, in 1799; Lorena — Frederick Goatee, in 1800; Atridge
— John Smith, 1807; Ruth — Joseph Norman, 1792; Anna — George
Kirby, 1798.

Another Anne Arundel branch of the family was Catherine Ran-
dall, whose will, of 1729, names "her son Robert Welsh," and her
grandsons, James Lewis and Robert Welsh, and gave them "Town
Hill" and "Diligent Search."

The present Randall family, of Annapolis, comes from a
Virginia settler, who came up much later than Christopher Randall.

This branch will elsewhere be given.

JOHN GILL.

John Gill was born in Annapolis, August 15th, 1841. His
father was Richard W. Gill, son of John Gill, of Alexandria, Virginia,
and his mother was Miss Ann E. Deale, daughter of Captain James
Deale, of Anne Arundel County.

In an autobiography of his early life General Gill writes:
"My father died when I was about ten years old. My mother
was left with four children — two girls and two boys. Fortunately,
my father had left an estate sufficient to provide comfortably for

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 131

all of us, and my mother, a woman of most excellent sense and judg-
ment, made the best possible disposition of her income, with the
view of educating her children.

" My father's death left a scar that time could never efface. One
of his associates at the bar, in announcing his death to a full bench
of the Court of Appeals of Maryland, said: 'I will not attempt to
eulogize the dead, but I cannot refrain from saying that I have
never known one who more deservedly and universally possessed
the esteem of all who knew him.'

" For several years after my father's death we were all kept at
home. My mother secured a most excellent governess, a Miss Boyce,
who proved most satisfactory, and was liked so much that she soon
became part of our household.

"At the age of about fifteen, I was sent to the preparatory
school of St. John's College, In 1856, my mother and sisters con-
cluded that it was best for me to go to a boarding school, and the
Lawrenceville High School, near Princeton, New Jersey, was selected.

" I shall never cease being grateful to my mother for sending me
to this school. At the head of it was a very distinguished educator.
Dr. Samuel Hamill, well known throughout the country, and the
best man I ever knew to train boys in the way they should go. I was
graduated at Lawrenceville in the fall of 1859, and from there went
to the University of Virginia.

" At the outbreak of the Civil War, I enlisted as a private soldier
in the Confederate Army."

General Gill came to Baltimore after the war, and went into the
grain business, establishing the firm of Gill & Fisher. This firm is
still in existence, and Mr. Charles D. Fisher, the original partner of
General Gill, is still a member. General Gill, however, retired from
the firm about twenty years ago, to become president of the Mer-
cantile Trust and Deposit Company on its organization. He is fond of
relating his early experience in the grain trade, which was before the
establishment of the present perfect system of elevators and inspec-
tions. He said his firm employed its own inspectors and weighers,
and he would frequently meet incoming vessels, with cargoes
of southern wheat and corn, some distance down the harbor, and
have all terms of its purchase and its inspection settled by the time
it reached the steamship which was to take it aboard. He prides
himself on the fact that, in 1879 and in 1880, his firm sent out
about five hundred cargoes of grain to foreign ports.

General Gill married a daughter of Mr. W. W. Spence, and has
five children, all daughters. He is still hale and hearty, and in full
possession of all his faculties, mental and physical. Few in his
employ have the same capacity for work as General Gill; and his
tireless energy in the many intricate financial problems with which he
has had to deal, has frequently caused astonishment to his asso-
ciates and fellow workers.

132 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

^ JOHN MARRIOTT.

Following close upon the Howards and Porters of the Severn,
we find John Marriott, in 1681, living upon Peter Porter's plantation,
at Indian Landing. At that time the Indians had made an attack
upon his household, and Mrs. Marriott had been compelled to seek
her neighbors' protection. She was Sarah Acton, of the AnnapoUs
family.

In his will, of 1718, John Marriott names a large family, viz.:
"To son Joseph, my tract, 'Cordwell,' where he lives. To son
Emanuel, 'Hereford' and dwelhng. To son John, the remaining
part of 'Hereford' and one hundred acres of 'Brookslys Point.' To
two sons, Augustine and Silvanus, the remainder of ' Brookslys,' and,
also, four hundred and forty acres out of 'Shepherd's Forest,' on the
Patuxent. I give to John Riggs, fifty acres of 'Shepherd's Forest.'
(The English wills show a close connection between Marriott and
Riggs). I give to Henry Sew ell the sum of forty shillings, and to
Wm. Stevens a like amount. To daughter, Ann Gambrill, I give
£5. To daughter, Sarah Marriott, I give £30. The balance to my
five sons, Joseph, Emanuel, John, Augustine and Silvanus."

Joseph and Augustine were executors. Peter Porter, Wm.
Stevens and Edward Benson were witnesses.

John Sewell's wife, Mary Marriott, was a descendant of John
Marriott, who was a large land-holder on the Severn River about
1667. John Marriott's wife, Sarah Acton, was a daughter of Rich-
ard Acton, who settled on the Severn River, in 1651, at "Acton's
Hill," now called "Murray's Hill," Annapolis. He came with that
celebrated colony from Sewell's Point, Virginia.

A similarity of Christian names again occurs at this time, in
England and Maryland, and shows close connections, mentioned so
prominently by Sir Bernard Burke, in his Peerage, Landed Gentry
and Armory and Heraldr}'', running back previous to the arrival
of William the Conqueror. The Marriotts are also mentioned by
Burke as having arrived in England with William the Conqueror —
three brothers, viz. : Rudolphus, Guillermus and Augustine Marriott.
Burke also states that there was an Augustine Marriott living in
London, 1689.

John Marriott, the pioneer in Maryland, named in his will,
1716-18, his children — Sarah Yieldhall, Mary Sewell, Achsah Hall
and John Marriott. Sarah Marriott was the wife of Wm. Yieldhall;
Mary Marriott, the wife of John Sewell; John Marriott married
Nancy Warfield, daughter of Alexander Warfield, and Achsah
Marriott married John Hall, of Whitehall, and their daughter, Sarah
Hall, married, first, Francis Rawlings, secondly. Captain Henry
Baldwin.

Sallie Baldwin, daughter of Henry and Sarah (Rawlings-Hall)
Baldwin, married Denton Hammond. Issue, Elizabeth, Camilla
and Matthias Hammond. Camilla — Dr. Herbert and had a son.
General James Rawlings Herbert, whose daughter, Camilla, married
Wm. Pinkney Whyte, Jr. Elizabeth — Richard Cromwell; Matthias

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 133

Eliza Brown; John Marriott, who died 1798, — Elizabeth Davis,
daughter of Richard Davis and Ruth Warfield, his wife, the daughter
of John and Ruth (Gaither) Warfield.

John Marriott, in his will, 1798, mentions wife Elizabeth. Issue,
John, Richard, Ruth, Rachel and Elizabeth Marriott. Richard —
Sarah Hammond, daughter of John Hammond, and their son, Gen-
eral Wm. Hammond Marriott — Jane McKim; his brother, Richard
Marriott, married a granddaughter of Anthony Stewart, of Peggy-
Stewart fame.

In 1756, Mr. Emanuel Marriott, the son of Mr. Joseph Marriott,
was taxed as a bachelor for the support of the church of St. Anne's, '
on a schedule of £100.

The will of Augustine Marriott, who held the homestead at
Indian Landing, and married Mary Warfield, of John and Ruth
Gaither, in 1729, reads as follows: "My wife, Mary, if she does not
marry, to hold the whole estate during life. My son, John, to hold
'Shepherd's Forest.' "

His three daughters named were Sarah, wife of Wm. Yieldhall;
Mary, wife of John Sewall; Achsah, wife of John Hall, and her
three daughters. John Marriott, Joseph Warfield and Joshua
Gambrill were witnesses.

John Marriott, the son, married Elizabeth Davis, daughter of
Richard and Ruth (Warfield) Davis. In his will, of 1798, he named
his sons, Richard, John, Rachel, Ruth, and Elizabeth; wife,
Elizabeth; lands, "Lancaster Plains."

THE COLE FAMILY.

*^'^ Edith Cole, wife of John Mallonee, was the daughter of Dennis
Garrett Cole and Rachel, his wife, of Baltimore County, November
8th, 1748. Their children were Thomas, James, William and
Leonard Mallonee.

Dennis Garrett Cole was the son of John and Hannah (Garrett)
Cole, and Hannah Garrett was the daughter of Dennis and Barbara
Garrett. Thomas Stone and Dennis Garrett purchased "Long
Island Point" in 1683, and in 1691, Thomas Stone gave his moiety
in this land to the children of Dennis Garrett, deceased, and stated
it was for his love and affection.

"Long Island Point" was to the east and adjoining "Cole Har-
bor," settled by Thomas Cole in 1668, and the latter was covered
by the following lines: Beginning at Harford Run on the east, where
it flows into the Patapsco River, thence west one mile, binding on
the water front to about Sharp Street; thence north about half ^^^
mile to Saratoga Street, then east to Harford Run; thence to tl^
place of the beginning, containing 550 acres. John Cole sold Rich^
Owings, in 1702, 809 acres, "Cole's Choice," in the same sect'
All of these tracts were described as on the north side of the new
west branch of the Patapsco River, and now covered by Balt^
City from Sharp Street to the east. '^'

134 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

The Cole families, of Old England, appear to have had the same
Christian names as the early settlers in Maryland and Virginia, viz. :
John, Thomas, William, Skipwith, et al. Cole — Stake Lyne — John
Thomas and William. There was a fine monument erected to the
Cole family at Petersham, in 1624. John Cole, tenth in line from
William Cole, Comity Devon, 1243. Cole — Marazon — Francis Sewell
Cole, esquire, nineteenth in direct descent from Edward, third,
and the family long in County Devon. Cole — Woodniem — John
Cole, 1614, father of William Cole, officer in Cromwell's Army. James
Garrett, Esquire, County Carlow, married Mary, daughter of Colonel
Blake, same family as Sir William Garrett, Lord Mayor London,
1555.

Sir Bernard Burke, in his "Armory and Heraldry," gives the
Sewell family in England three coats of arms; the Cole family,
twenty-two; Stone, thirty; Garrett, three; Kirby, fourteen; Randall,
fifteen; Warner, nineteen; Acton, twenty-seven. These names are
all shown in the above as Sewall connections.

/ RAWLINGS.

Much has been written lately concerning this family. As none
of the writers seem to have gone to the wills for information, I will
reproduce them and leave interested descendants to fit them.

It has been stated that Henry Rawlings, father of Anthony,
the public man, was the immigrant. There seem to have been
others. The archives are full of Anthony Rawlings, and the chan-
cery records add more light. His will of 1652, names sons, John
and Anthony, who inherited adjoining lands up on the Patuxent.
He names his oldest daughter, Anne, and youngest daughter, Mar-
garet. His wife was Jane Rawlings.

In 1676, Elizabeth Rawlings, widow of Nicholas, made an oral
will in which she desired Elizabeth Mackey to take care of her child,
and to collect from her debtors what was due.

In 1696, Richard Rawlings named his two sons, Richard and
John; his daughters were Mary and Elizabeth, and wife Jane.

In 1717, John Rawlings, of Dorchester, named his brother,
Anthony, and his nephew, John of Anthony, also his nephew, John
King, and his son-in-law, Mark Fisher. His wife was Elizabeth.

Daniel Rawlings, of Charles County, in 1726, held a large

estate both there and in Calvert. He left his ''home plantation, on

St. Leonard's Creek," to my youngest son, Daniel. I confirm unto

my son-in-law, John Clare and Elizabeth, his wife, part of 'Elton

^Head Manor,' called 'Rawlings' Choice,' now occupied by John

Bfiare and his wife, Elizabeth. To daughter, Anne Rawlings, the

orth part of 'Rawlings' Choice' and five hundred acres of the same

Bai^ct to son Isaac Rawlings. To daughter Mary Halloway, negroes.

and Isaac and son-in-law John Clare executors.

GeneJ)." — Dan Rawlings.

Wm. Pohn Parran, Wm. Day, and Alexander Parran were witnesses.

FOUNDEKS OF AnNE ArUNDEL AND HoWARD COUNTIES. 135

Daniel Rawlings, of Calvert County, in 1748, named sons,
Daniel and John, and daughters, Nancy and Margaret. He held
tract "Rawlings' Choice" "left me by my father." He bought,
also, his brother Isaac's lands.

Of this family upon "Rawlings' Manor," one brother, Isaac,
still later, was in Mississippi when that was only a territory. In
one of his letters, which I have seen, he wrote that "his brother,
Captain Thomas Rawlings, was then at the front with General
Jackson in his Indian campaign at Pensacola." After the war.
Captain Thomas returned to Calvert, and, at forty years of age,
married his cousin, Mary Dalrymple, whose mother was Christiana
Clare, of John. She was then a girl of fifteen years. Together
they lived upon "Rawlings' Choice" and had one son who died
in early manhood. This girl of fifteen years, later married another
cousin, her first lover. Dr. S. J. Cook, and became the mother of
Mrs. J. D. Warfield.

Anthony Rawlings, Jr., of Dorchester, in 1728, left a colt to
his father, and named his sister Mary, and cousins, Mary and Charles
Daughety. To his brother, John, he left his clothes and silver shoe
buckles. Sister Margaret Hail was made legatee of all his personal
property and his executrix —

Aaron Rawhngs, of Anne Arundel Coimty, in 1741, named his
wdfe, Susannah, and sons, Jonathan, Aaron, William and Stephen.
The last two inherited " Darnall's Groves," in Prince George County,
"My lands in Baltimore County, called 'Brown's Adventure,' to
sons and daughter Ann. Aaron to hold the homestead.

This testator's wife was Susannah Beard, the daughter of
Stephen. Her will closes the Rawlings previous to the Revolution. In
1762, she named her sons, Aaron, Moses, Richard, daughter Mary,
and four married daughters, Ann, Susannah, Rachel and Elizabeth.
Her son, Aaron, and son-in-law, Gassaway Watkins, executors.

The further records of this family have been already published.

^

THE SEWELLS OF VIRGINIA.

Henry Sewell came to Virginia from England previous to 1632.
He gave his name to " Sewell/sJ'oint " at the entrance to Elizabeth
River, opposite to Fortress Monroe. His wife was Alice Willoughby,
daughter of Thomas Willoughby, who came to Virginia in 1610,
and was Justice of Ehzabeth City, 1628; Burgess, 1629-32, and
Councilor, 1644-50. At the court holden May 31st, 1640, Henry
Sewell and Captain Sibley were authorized to build a church at Mr
Sewell's Point. August 2nd, 1640, Captain Thomas Willot-'-i the
Esquire, Captain John Sibley, Mr. Henry Sewell, Mr. Edwrufter the
ham and Mr. William Julian, are to pay for themselves ac of Chan-
the church minister, Mr. Thomas Harrison.

Peter Porter's name appears in 1641. He, in 1650,hiUp How-
Maryland, at the head of Severn River, "Peter Porter kney, was

136 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

In 1641, the orders of the Court directed that this parish church
should be built at Mr. Henry Sewell's Point at the cost and charge
of the inhabitants, and chapel of ease at Elizabeth River.

Henry Sewell had two children, Anne and Henry. Anne was
born 1634, and married Lemuel Mason, son of Francis Mason. Henry
Sewell, the younger, was born 1639. Henry Sewell, the elder, was
elected to the House of Burgesses from Elizabeth City, in 1632, and
from Lower Norfolk County in 1639. He died, 1644, and at a Court
holden same year in Lower Norfolk County, at the house of Ensign
Thomas Lambert, February 20th, "The Court doth think fit and
orders it, Mr. Matthew Phillips, the administrator of Mr. Henry
Sewell ,deceased, shall within ten days satisfy and pay to Mr. Thomas
Harrison, clerk, one thousand pounds of tobacco, and satisfaction
in consideration for the burial and preaching of the funeral sermon
of Mr. and Mrs. Sewell, deceased, and for breaking ground in the
chancel of the church for the burial of Mr. and Mrs. Sewell.

Mr. James Warner was elected, in 1649, Church Warden at
Sewell's Point, and, in 1651, settled on the Severn River, Maryland.

At a -Court, holden February 25th, 1649, the opinion is con-
cerning the estate of Henry Sewell, with the consent of John Holmes,
overseer, with Lemuel Mason and Anne, daughter of Henry Sewell,
witnesses, agreed the estate of Mr. Matthew Phillips, late deceased,
be responsible for the estate ofHenry Sewell, and Mrs. Ann Phillips
administratrix of said Matthew Phillips, responsibility to be left to
the decision of four disinterested persons. Henry Sewell, the younger
then ten years old, to be sent abroad by orders of the Court for
seven years, in charge of his kinsman, Mr. Thomas Lee. A deposi-
tion taken in 1662, shows Henry Sewell, the younger, to have been
born, 1639, and a deposition taken in 1672, shows Henry Sewell,
the younger, deceased sine prole.

The custom in England at this time, of giving the same christian
name to two or more sons was not uncommon, for instance, Henry
the elder, Henry the younger, and Henry the middle. The Mary-
land settler was evidently of this family.

There were quite a number of people in the vicinity of Sewell's
Point about 1650, who came up to Maryland and settled on or near
the Severn River. Among them, Edward Lloyd, Cornelius Lloyd,
Matthew Howard, Thomas Todd, William Crouch, James Horner,
Nicholas Wyatt, Thomas Howell, Thomas Gott, William Galloway,
B/iaiT. Porter, James Warner, Richard Acton and others.

orth pafoUowing is an account sales, in 1638, for Henry Sewell,
Baict to s^oint, Virginia, from his factor in London, England, of
and Isaaent over in the ships, America and Alexandria, and for
Gene.i)." ; a cargo in a shallop with sassafras roots, sold in England,
Wm. i:ohmd the cash receipts to have been £650, 19s. and 6d.

FouNDEns OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 137

MUSTER ROLLS— REVOLUTIONARY WAR SEWELLS.

John Sewell, June 3rd, 1778, served during the war.

James Sewell, second battalion, Colonel William's regiment,
October, 1780.

John Sewell, fourth battalion, July 27th, 1776.

Joseph Sewell, 1776, Captain Goldsborough Company.

John Sewell served until 1781.

John Sewell, 5th Regiment, 1776.

John Sewell enlisted in Captain Goldsborough Company, 1776.

Charles Sewell, July 2nd, 1776.

Daniel Sewell, enlisted July 4th, 1776.

WiUiam Sewell, 1776, discharged 1779.
^ Clement Sewell, May 4th, 1777, promoted Maryland Line,
September 14th, 1777.

William Sewell re-enlisted, June 4th, 1778; Maryland Line
April 4th, 1779.

John Sewell, June 8th, 1778; corporal 1779; sergeant 1780.

William Sewell, March 11th, 1776, 4th Infantry.

Hon. Grover Cleveland, ex-president of the United States, is
a descendant of the Sewell family

Margaret Borodale married Rev. Jonathan Mitchell. Their
daughter, Margaret — Major Stephen Sewell. Their daughter,
Susannah — Rev. Aaron Porter. Their daughter, Susannah — Aaron
Cleveland, whose son was William Cleveland, who had a son. Rev.
Richard Falley Cleveland, who was the father of Grover Cleveland
— eighth in direct line from Rev. Jonathan Mitchell, and seventh
from Stephen Sewell.

THE SEWELLS OF THE SEVERN.

" Sew ell's Point," upon which the Independent Churchmen had
built their conventicle in 1638, and upon which the coming James-
town exhibition will be held, sent to the Severn, along with many
others, a descendant of Henry Sewell, the prominent pillar of that
chm-ch.

Henry Sewell of the Severn, made surveys with the Howards
in 1662. He settled near James Warner, another member of the
Virginia church, and later, married his daughter, Johanna.

From a case in chancery, the following history is established.
By James Warner's will, his daughter, Johanna, heired "Warner's
Neck." It was "not to be disposed of by none from them, but
his said daughter and her heirs forever." It was, in the face of
that will, later sold by James Sewell, son of Henry and Johanna
to Samuel Howard. Henry Sewell, Jr., contested this sale on the
plea of entail. The Provincial Court passed upon it, but, after the
death of all the original parties, it was carried to the Court of Chan-
cery, which reversed the decision of the Provincial Court.

The Rent Rolls show that it was handed down by Philip How-
ard to his widow, and by her next husband, Henry Pinkney, was

138 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

held in the Howard estate. The will of James Warner names
Samuel Howard and Henry Sewell, "sons." To the first he left a
"broad cloth suit;" to the latter, a suit of " stuff e."

Henry Sewell, Jr., remained upon the homestead. He took up
"Sewell's Fancy," and bought a part of "Duvall's Delight" upon
the Patuxent, from Charles Carroll. In his will, of 1726, he named
Mary, his wife, and Samuel, Mary, Henry, Joseph, Philip and John
Sewell. Having bought, of Richard and Adam Shipley, their
father's purchase of "Howard and Porter's Range," this tract was
left to his sons. "Hereford," the Marriott tract ,was also in pos-
session of Henry Sewell, the testator of 1726. This may have come
through his wife, Mary, a Marriott. This tract was closed out by
the heirs to their brother John Sewell.

John married Hannah Carroll, daughter of Daniel Carroll, at
St. Anne's, Annapolis, May 30th, 1721. Hannah and Daniel Car-
roll, of Daniel, were baptized at St. Anne's March 2nd, 1713. Daniel
Carroll married EHzabeth Purdy, at "All Hallows," 1730. John
and Hannah (Carroll) Sewell had John, born 1725, and Henry, 1723^
and were baptized at "All Hallows," July 4th, 1726.

John, of John and Hannah Sewell, married Mary Marriott,
daughter of Augustine and Mary (Warfield) Marriott, 1729. Issue,
John, born 1761, Achsah, 1768, Augustine, Sarah and Mary Sewell.

John Sewell, son of John and Mary (Marriott) Sewell, married
Lydia Baldwin, in 1804, daughter of James and Sallie (Rawlings)
Baldwin. Issue, John, Sarah, Matilda, Eliza and Mary Sewell.

John Sewell, of John and Lydia Sewell, married Juliet Gambrill,
daughter of Augustine and Maria (Woodward-Baldwin) Gambrill.
Issue, Augusta — Rev. W. L. Welch; John died single; Charles —
Elizabeth Whitney. Issue, Burnett S. Sewell and Juliet Gam-
brill Sewell.

Juliet Sewell, daughter of John and Juliet (Gambrill) Sewell,.
married Summerfield Baldwin. Issue, Charles, Summerfield, Juliet,
Dorothy and Willard Baldwin. \

Matilda Sewell married George Savage. Issue, George, John,
Lydia and Rev. Riley W. Savage. Sarah Sewell married Benja-
min Clark. Mary and Eliza Sewell died single.

Mary Sewell, daughter of John and Mary (Marriott) Sewell,
married Patrick Orme, of Montgomery County, and left two children
— Mary — a Mr. Newlin, and Rebecca — Dr. Perry, of Washington,
D. C. Mr. Orme married a second time, and left three daughters.
One married Richard Sewell, another Mr. Bailey, and the third, Mr.
Landstreet, all of Baltimore City.

Augustine Sewell, of John and Mary (Marriott) Sewell, married
Mary Pitts, 1784, daughter of Thomas Pitts, of WilHam. Issue,
John Marriott Sewell, a prominent merchant of Baltimore; Mary
— Francis Baldwin, of James of Edward. Issue, John, James F.,,
Thomas Pitts, Mary Pitts, Susan and Sallie Baldwin.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 139

Juliet Sew ell — Thomas Worthington, and left a son, Thomas
Worthington. Juliet (Sewell) Worthington married a second time,
Augustine Sappington. Issue, Nicholas and Mary Sappington.

Augustine Sewell, Jr., died single. George Sewell died, age
sixteen. Charles Pitts Sewell died, age six years. Eleanor Sewell,
daughter of Augustine and his second wife, Anne, married James
Gaskins. Issue, Emily Stewart, Edward and Thomas Gaskins.

Sarah Sewell, daughter of John and Mary (Marriott) Sewell,
married Thomas Pitts, in 1782, of Thomas of William, and brother
of Mary Pitts, who married Augustine Sewell. ' Issue, Achsah and
Thomas Pitts.

The Sewells and their allied families were among the very
earliest settlers in Maryland, and held land where both Annapolis
and Baltimore are now located.

The old Sewell homestead near Indian Landing at the head of
the Severn River, Anne Arundel County, has been in the possession
of the family since 1673, and is still owned by the descendants of
the Sewells. It was surveyed for John Marriott, in 1673, and in
his will, dated 1718, he left it to his sons, John, Silvanus and
Augustine Marriott. Sarah, the daughter of Augustine and Mary
(Warfield) Marriott, held it imtil 1773, when it was transferred to John
Sewell and his wife, Mary Marriott, a daughter of Augustine Mar-
riott, and sister of Sarah Marriott. In 1791, John Sewell trans-
ferred it to his son, John Sewell, and it has been in the family ever
since.

The first church built in this section was known as the Cross
Roads, now Baldwin's Memorial; and the members of the Protestant
Episcopal and Methodist Episcopal Churches worshipped together.
The first trustees were John Sewell, Matthias Hammond and
Augustine Gambrill.

(This matter was given to the author before its publication in
the Sunday "Sun," and by request, is republished.)

Extract from a letter written mnny years ago by one of the Sewell family.

"Our great-grandfather, John Sewell, married Miss Mary
Marriott, who was born on the old Marriott estate near the Indian
Landing at the head of the Severn River. John Sewell, who died
1805, and his wife, Mary Marriott, who died 1800, lived to a good
old age on the old Sewell homestead, situated on the Annapolis
and Baltimore road, about eleven miles distance from Annapolis,
and adjoining the Marriott estate.

"A sister, Sarah, married William Yieldhall. They had no
children, and left all their possessions to Thomas Furlong, whom
they had reared and educated under peculiar circumstances. And
this deed of kindness was never forgotten by our family, so
characteristic of the Sewells and their love of hospitality.

" Achsah Sewell, daughter of John and Mary (Marriott) Sewell,
married Leonard Mallonee, at that time a class leader in the Metho-
dist Church; and, to give you some idea of the ways of Methodism

140 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

at that period, I will relate a little incident. Major Philip Ham-
mond and uncle Leonard were fast friends, both members of the
church, but had previously been fond of dancing — passionately so;
and on the occasion of the marriage of one of Major Hammond's
family, our uncle-in-law, Leonard Mallonee, being a guest at the
wedding, their old passion for dancing overcame them, and they
both indulged in that pleasing dissipation, and they were both
turned out of church.

"The entire community had worshipped at our great-grand-
father's house — John Sewell — before there was any church in that
vicinity. Bishops Asbury and George, Reverends Henry Smith,
Alfred Griffith, Samuel Rozzell and Joshua Wells preached from
the same desk — an heirloom still remaining at the same old home-
stead of the Sewell family. After our great-grandfather's death,
the house was kept open for preaching; the desk still occupying
the same old place.

"The piety and zeal of our great-grandparents won for them
the title of "The Two Christians" throughout the neighborhood.

" This old homestead is also sacred to the memory as being
the place where the first camp-meeting was held on Severn Cir-
cuit, called the Baltimore and Severn Camp-meeting, presenting
quite a novelty for those times, as the grove was illuminated by
lamps brought from the oldest Methodist Church in Baltimore.
The first church on the Severn, called Cross Roads, adjoined this
tract."

Sewell tombstones, at the old Sewell homestead in Anne
Arundel County, at the head of the Severn River, near the old
Cross Roads Church and Indian Landing:

John Sewell died 1805, born 1725. Wife, Mary (Marriott)
Sewell died 1800. Son, John Sewell, born 1761, died 1817. Wife,
Lydia Sewell, born 1781, died 1850. Son, John Sewell, born 1813,
died 1844. Wife, JuHet W. Sewell, born 1814, died 1845. Son,
John Sewell, born 1838, died 1850, single. EHza Sewell, born 1815,
died June 6th, 1873.

Seven generations sleep in Anne Arundel County, in consecu-
tive line, viz.: Henry, Henry, John, John, John, John, and John
Sewell.

COUNCIL PROCEEDINGS.

September, 1681, Archives of Maryland.

Sir: — Mr. Edward Dorsey came here last night very late, and
brought news that the Indians had robbed John Marriott — beaten
him and his wife, and turned them out of doors. I design, to-day
being 2nd September, to go up and take ten or twelve men. If
you please to give me any further orders, be pleased to direct to
Towne, to him who is. Sir, your most humble servant,

Robert Proctor.

September 2nd, 1681. To Captain Thomas Francis, at Road
River. Deliver with speed.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. .141

September 2nd, 1681, Anne Arundel County.

Rt. Honble. — The occasion of my present presumption is to
inform your Lordship of a robbery committed by the Sinnequain
— Seneca — Indians (as is supposed), on the first day of this instant,
at the house of John Marriott at the head of Anne Arundel River,
upon the Ridge formerly Peter Porter's. The enclosed was sent
to me and the same day being our election day, I had an oppor-s
tunity to speak with the said John Marriott, which for substance
gave me the following narrative, viz.: That nine Indians came to
his house, September 1st, inst. in the morning and pressed hard for
entrance into his house, which he resisted, taking his gun in hand
and standing upon his guard, willing his wife to take the children
and make escape to the nearest plantation, which was hindered by
more Indians, till then indescerned, but still appearing more and
more, to the quantity of one hundred or thereabouts. They then
pressed so sore upon him that into the house they would go; no
threat or sign of anger would deter them. Out of which, they have
carried all that he hath in this world, and killed his hogs, which he
says he had thirty in his pen, which troubled his cornfield, some
of which they have taken away, others they killed for pastime and
let lye, that of numbers he finds only three or four alive. His
cattle he knows not what they have killed, for they have all for-
saken the plantation. His tobacco, which was hanging in the
houses, they have thrown down and spoiled. All of which, tendeth
to his great loss, and putting the neighboring plantations in great
feare, so that there are many of them together for their future
safety.

In humble manner, I have truly, though briefly, acquainted
your Lordship with the robbery. I humbly crave your pardon for
what is remiss, and subscribe myself, your faithful and obedient
servant. Thomas Ffrancis.

Near the old Sewell homestead, at the head of the Severn River,
Anne Arundel County, Maryland, which has been in the family for
about two hundred years, a tragic event transpired, and has often
been spoken of in bygone days by the Sewells.

One of the early settlers in this neighborhood, started out to
hunt, and took his little dog with him. After he had been out some
time he heard the Indian war-whoop over the hills, and, in his effort
to retrace his steps, he found he could not escape the Indians. He,
therefore, took his little dog and climbed up into the hollow of a
large tree. As the Indians were passing, the dog barked and the
hiding place was discovered, and he was pulled down by the
Indians and tied to a stake. And the Indians piled pine light wood
around him and having set fire to it, proceeded to have a war dance,
and he was burned alive.

Later on, when corn-husking and cider-pressing time came, the
same Indians came to assist, and the white settlers put in the cider
a copious supply of rum, of which the Indians drank freely, and then
went into the barn to sleep off the effect.

142 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties,

It was now the white people had their revenge, as they
barricaded the door and set fire to the barn, and the same
Indians who burned the white man were consumed.

PITTS FAMILY.

^ Wilham Pitts came from England to visit friends in Baltimore
and, while here, went out in Baltimore County and stopped at a
then fashionable hotel, and at night dreamed of a beautiful French
lady, and in his dream became greatly enamored. And lo, the very
next morning at breakfast there sat, directly opposite to him at
the table, the veritable French lady of his dream. He was
introduced and subsequently they were married, and instead of
returning to England, settled in Baltimore County.

There were two sons by this romantic marriage, William and
Thomas Pitts. The former remained in Baltimore County and the
latter went to Anne Arundel County and married Susannah Lusby,
and had eight children — Thomas, Charles, John, Elizabeth, Susan,
Ann, Henrietta and Mary Pitts. Thomas — Sarah Sewell, 1782;
Mary — Augustine Sewell; Ann — Mordecai Stewart, of South River;
Elizabeth — Charles McElfresh; Susan died single. The Pitts family
moved to Frederick County.

John Pitts, of Thomas — Elizabeth Hall, daughter of Nicholas
Hall, of New Market, and had six children — Nicholas, John Lusby,
Anna Maria, Thomas, William and Charles H. Pitts, the gifted
lawyer of Baltimore — Elizabeth Reynolds. Issue, T. Glenn, Edward,
Charles and Martha Pitts.

V

\ MALLONEE FAMILY.

Achsah Sewell, daughter of John and Mary (Marriott) Sewell,
married Leonard Mallonee, of John. She was born in 1768, married
in 1791, died in 1859, in her 91st year. Leonard Mallonee was born
1763, died 1854, in his 92nd year. Issue, John, Brice, William,
Denton, Achsah, Mary Edith and Anne Sewell Mallonee.

John Mallonee married Rachel Lyon, a niece of Moses Sheppard,
the founder of Moses Sheppard Asylum. The children of John and
Rachel (Lyon) Mallonee were William, John, Rachel, Leonard, James
and Benjamin Mallonee.

Brice Mallonee married Louisa Fairall, 1824. Issue, John
Stephen, William, Alexander, Brice, Martin Van Buren, Achsah,
Edith, Maryland and Virginia Mallonee.

William Mallonee married Thomazine Keirll, daughter of John
W. Keirll, a prominent merchant of Baltimore, previous to 1840.
The latter was lost on the steamer Lexington, which was burned
on Long Island Sound at night, in 1840. The children of William
and Thomazine Mallonee were, John, Leonard, William, Matthew,
Mark and Achsah Mallonee. William Mallonee was a prominent
dry-goods merchant in Baltimore, previous to 1840, and located on
the corner of Baltimore and Hanover Streets.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 143

Denton Mallonee, son of Leonard and Achash (Sewell) Mallonee
— in 1821, Ann Kirby, daughter of George and Anna (Randall)
Kirby. Issue, George, Leonard and Achsah Ann Mallonee. George
Leonard — Amanda E. Carter, daughter of John W. and Elizabeth,
Carter, of Baltimore. Issue, George Carter, John Denton and Anne
E. Mallonee. Achsah Ann — Frederick Custis Hyde. Issue, Anna M.
Eleanor and George M. Hyde. The last named married Elizabeth
Wallace, of Westchester, New York, and had a child, Elise Wallace
Hyde.

Mary, daughter of Leonard and Achsah (Sewell) Mallonee —
•George Bradford, of Howard County. Issue, William Charles, John,
Luther, Ann, Melvina and Achsah Bradford. The latter became
Mrs. Edwin Owings, of Lisbon.

Achsah Mallonee, daughter of Leonard and Achsah (Sewell)
Mallonee — Alfred Fairall. Issue, Thomas, William, John, Horace,
Alfred, Achsah, Henrietta, Alexina and Elizabeth Fairall. Anne
Sewell Mallonee, daughter of Leonard and Achsah (Sewell) Mallonee
— WiUiam Kirby, 1833.

MUSTER ROLL OF KIRBYS, IN THE WAR OF THE
REVOLUTION.

Richard Kirby, in Flying Camp, July 27th, 1776.

Anthony Kirby, 1781.

John Kirky, 1781.

Nathaniel, 1783.

Joseph, of Annapolis, 1781.

John Kirby, 1776.

David Dirby.

John Kirby, blown from a barge.

^ KIRBY FAMILY.

Walter Kirby was early in Kent Island, and the Rent Rolls
show he patented lands in 1667. In 1679, he was honored by the
Lord Proprietary to take charge of important Chancery proceedings.
Walter Kirby, in his will dated 1702, mentions his wife, Elizabeth,
and children, William, James, Matthew, Benjamin, Mary and
Rebecca Kirby.

WilHam, son of Walter, in his will, 1717, named his wife, Ann,
and children, Walter, James, Sarah and Mary Kirby. Benjamin,
of Walter, in his will of 1721, mentioned, wife, Elizabeth. Walter
Kirby, of William, died in 1755; his wife was Sarah Kirby. Wil-
liam Kirby, of Walter, died in 1768, wife, Rachel; children, Walter,
Elizabeth and Ann Kirby. Benjamin Kirby, son of Matthew of
Walter, died in 1774, on Kent Island. Issue, Joshua, died 1794;
Benjamin, died 1783; Nicholas, died 1800; Littlelar, died 1810;
Elizabeth— Edmond Custis, 1796, died 1807; Margery— Jonathan
Harrison, 1786; Rebecca — Dr. Jacob Ringgold, 1787; Sarah and

144 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

William Kirby. The above named children of Benjamin Kirby
went to Baltimore previous to 1783. William Kirby was in business
in Baltimore, at the corner of Calvert and Water Streets, from
1796 to 1800.

William Kirby bought " Pratt's Choice," West River, in 1802,
from Thomas Tillard, and in his will, dated 1818, named his wife,
Mary, and children, William, Francis, Benjamin, Solomon, Joseph,
George, Jane, Anne, Sarah and Charlotte Kirby.

George Kirby married Anna Randall at St. Anne's, Annapolis,
October 25th, 1798. She was a descendant of Christopher Randall,
who settled on the Severn River previous to 1679. Died 1847.

William Kirby, of George — Anne Sewell Mallonee, 1833, died
1872. Issue, Leonard, born 1834, died 1891; Isabella, born 1836,
died 1877; Norval, Ann, William and George A. Kirby. Norval
Ann Kirby — Philip Hammond, 1862. Issue, Anne — Woodland C.
Phillips; Cora — Ralph Gilbert Lee; Wilham — Anna Barbara Benson;
Norval Adele — Charles Leonard Owens; Maud — William Henry
Cole; Philip and Zoe Kirby Hammond, unmarried. Isabella Kirby
died 1877 — Arthur Hammond, 1865. Issue, Luther Kirby Ham-
mond.
^ Philip and Arthur Hammond were lineal descendants of

General John Hammond, who died, 1707. Upon the estate of Major
Philip Hammond, now owned by Mr. George Kirby, are the follow-
ing monuments:

"This monument, erected in memory of a great and good man,
Philip Hammond, Esquire, who died May 10th, 1760, in tjie 64th
year of his age."

" This monument covers the remains of Mrs. Rachel Hammond,
daughter of John Brice, Esquire, and relict of Philip Hammond,
Esquire; born April 13th, 1711; died, Tuesday, April 11th, 1786."

" Here lies the body of Mrs. Rachel Hopkins, daughter of
Philip Hammond, Esquire, deceased, born May 2nd, 1740; died
September 11th, 1773."

"This monument covers the remains of Denton Hammond,
son of Philip Hammond, Esquire, born March 10th, 1745; died
March 2nd, 1784."

"This monument covers the remains of Philip Hammond, son
of Philip Hammond, Esquire, born April 2nd, 1739; died 1783."

"Here lies the body of Mr. Matthias Hammond, son of Philip
Hammond, Esquire, born May 24th, 1740; died March 11th, 1786."

"Erected in memory of Colonel Rezin Hammond, son of Philip
and Rachel (Brice) Hammond, his wife; died September 1st, 1809,
in his 65th year."

"Sacred to the memory of Dr. Matthias Hammond, son of
Philip and Elizabeth (Wright) Hammond, who died, 1819, in his
35th year."

"Sacred to the memory of EHzabeth Mewburn, daughter of
Phillip Hammond, Esquire, who died 1819, age 22 years."

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 145

William M. Kirby — Virginia Downing Parrish, of Missouri.
Issue, William Clyde, Guy Donnell, Leila Virginia and Anne Louis
Kirby.

George A. Kirby — Mary Ella Hodges, daughter of James and
Josephine A. Hodges. Issue, Bessie Sewell, Mary Hanson and
William George Kirby. Bessie Sewell Kirby — George R. A. Hiss,
in 1900, and he died in 1904. Issue, George R. A. Hiss, born 1903.
Mr. Hiss, was a lineal descendant of Colonel William Burgess, who
was appointed by Lord Baltimore in 1665, to command the militia
of the province, and acted as governor during Lord Baltimore's
absence.

ACTON.

Richard Acton was at Annapolis in 1657. Daniel Dulany, in
one of his pleadings in a contest over the early surveys of Annapolis,
said that Thos. Todd probably assigned his Annapolis survey to
Acton, whilst Thomas Hall's lands going to Christopher, the son,
who left it to his mother, Elizabeth, and both dying without issue,
the land was escheated. Todd's Harbor, in the hands of Robert
Lusby, also reverted back by escheat. This indeed took place
pretty generally in Annapolis. The Lord Proprietary reserved lands
in the city, but Thomas Bordley and Thomas Larkin, combining
with Lancelot Todd, pretending to be heir-at-law of said Thomas
Todd, deprived the Lord Proprietor of it.

Upon the south limits of Annapolis to-day, is "Murray's Hill,"
named for the distinguished family who has held it for many years.
Its present owner is the former paymaster of the navy, Murray of
the West River branch. This tract, upon which stands a very old
colonial homestead, was formerly known as "Acton" and it
adjoins, if not a part of the Carroll estate, which was the survey of
Thomas Todd.

John Acton was a son of Richard Acton; and Sarah, the daugh-
ter of Richard — John Marriott, the pioneer settler of " Porter's Hill."

Philip Hammond, the rich merchant, built the present mansion
upon the Acton tract, now Murray's Hill.

CAPTAIN JOHN WORTHINGTON.

There are many traditions but few records of this family.

"'All who bear the name of Worthington in this country," says
Mr. W. Worthington Fowler, in his notes on the Worthington
family, "derived their origin from two sources: First, from an
immigrant who settled in Maryland. Second, from Nicholas
Worthington, who came to New England in 1650, and was the only
immigrant of that name in New England at that time."

" There is on record, in the archives of Pennsylvania, a coroner's
inquest upon the body of a Worthington immigrant, who died in
passage to that province, which shows he belonged to the Worth-
ingtons of Manchester, England." Mr. Fowler adds.

14G Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties,

"About twenty miles northeast of Liverpool, in the Hundred
of Leyland, is the town of Worthington, established, "says Burke,
"in high repute from the time of the Plantagenets." The old hall
where the family resided for seven hundred years, was pulled down
long ago. The present representative of the family is Edward
Worthington, of "The Bryn," County Chester, 1868.

The family is connected by marriage with Norris, Orrell, Rad-
cliffe, Lawrence, Ashton, Byron, Leven, Anderson and Standish,
ancestors of Stout Myles Standish, "the Captain of the Puritan
Band."

The coat-of-arms, given by Burke, is that of the main stem of
Lancashire Worthingtons, viz.: "Argent, three pitch forks (or
tridents), sable, crest, a goat passant, argent, holding in his mouth
an oak branch."

Our records at Annapolis show that Captain John Worthington
was here as early as 1675, and in 1686 bought "Greenberry Forest"
from Colonel Nicholas Greenberry. He married, soon after, Sarah,
daughter of Matthew Howard, his neighbor upon the Severn. In
1692, Captain Worthington was appointed associate justice of Anne
Arundel; and, in 1699, was a member of the Legislative Assembly,
during which year his will was written. It reads: "I give and
bequeath to my dear and loving wife, Sarah Worthington, the whole
use and profit and comfort of this my now dwelling plantation,
and all my personal estate, she paying the legacies hereinafter
specified, and being by me ordered to give all the children what
learning the country will afford at her personal cost. And if, in
case my said wife shall marry again, then the children to be for
themselves at the age of sixteen, but if she continue a widow, then
all my sons to live with her to be her assistance and comfort till
the age of twenty-one years. And after the decease of my wife,
Sarah, then the personal estate to be divided equally amongst my
children.

"Then I give to my son, John Worthington, the plantation I
now live on and all the land adjoining, being four hundred acres,
lying on the Severn River.

"Then I give to my son, Thomas Worthington, my planta-
tion called "Greenberry Forrest,' being four hundred acres, more
or less, and 'Lowe's Addition,' being a tract of three hundred and
fifty acres, all lying near Magothy River.

"Then I give my son, William Worthington, the plantation
called ' Howard's Inheritance,' containing one hundred and thirty
acres; also, a parcel of woodland ground, part of Mr. William
Hopkin's plantation, as doth appear by the last will of Mr.
Matthew Howard, deceased, and two hundred acres, lying where
Mr. Richard Beard's mill stands; and two hundred and seventy
acres near the fish pond in 'Bodkin's Creek,' of the Patapsco River.

"Then I give to my daughter, Sarah Worthington, two young
working negroes, or fifty pounds sterling, at the age of sixteen, or
the day of marriage."

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 147

Charles Worthington, born after the above will was written,
was similarly provided. In addition to the above tracts, the Worth-
ington heirs held "Howard's Pasture," "Pendenny and Expecta-
tions" and " Howardstown," formerly surveyed for Philip Howard.

Upon a tombstone on the farm of the late R. Tilghman Brice,
just opposite the Naval Academy at Annapolis, may be read the
following inscription:

" Here lieth interred, the body of
Captain John Worthington,
Who departed this life
April 9th, 1701. Aged 51 years."

The tombstone, an immense slab of greyish marble color, is in
excellent preservation, and the inscription perfectly legible. It, also,
bears on top a most beautiful and remarkable insignia. The inter-
pretation of the crest is, "To him who lies beneath this stone, time"
(represented by the hour-glass) has taken to itself wings (wings,
between which stands the hour-glass). His mortal remains must
here lie (mortality represented by death's head), until summoned
by the trumpet of the arch-angle (trumpets crossed behind death's
head) to wear the victor's crown (laurel wreath)." The slab covers
a well-preserved walled grave, which is only a few yards north of
the homestead, the form and material of which is still preserved.

About 1688, Captain John Worthington married Sarah Howard.
Issue, John, born 1689; Thomas, 1691; WiUiam, 1694; Sarah, 1696;
Charles, 1701.

John, 1713 — Helen, daughter of Thomas and Mary Heath
Hammond. Issue, William, Charles, Vachel, Anne — Thomas Beale
Dorsey, Elizabeth — Nicholas Dorsey, John, Samuel and Thomas
Worthington.

John Worthington, Jr., in his will, styled himself merchant,
gave to daughter, Ann Dorsey, the homestead, "Wyatt's Harbor"
and "Wyatt's Hills." To son, John, " Worthington's Fancy" and
" Worthington's Beginning" and part of "Duvall's Delight," "Food
Plenty" and other tracts bought of Orlando Griffith, some 2,620
acres; also "Whiskey Ridge," at Liberty, Frederick County, To
son, Charles, "Hunting Ground," "Ridgely's Range," "Broken
Ground," "Howard and Porters Fancy" and "Abington," adjoin-
ing, some 950 acres. To Samuel, 1,000 acres, "Welsh's Cradle,"
in Baltimore County. To son Thomas, three tracts on the Patapsco,
some 1,680 acres. To Elizabeth Dorsey, "Todd's Risque" and
" Andover." To granddaughter, Helen Lynch, £60. To grandsons,
John and William, sons of William, deceased, "Whiskey Ridge"
on the Linganore, 700 acres.

William, 1734 — Hannah Cromwell. Issue, William, John —
Mary Todd. Her will, of 1776, announced herself as the widow of
John Worthington, and named her daughters, Elinor, Ann, Eliza-
beth,|Hannah and Margaret. She made her brother, Wm. Linch,

148 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

and Wm. Wilkinson executors. Elinor Griffith was a witness.
Hannah Worthington, her daughter, 1798, named her sisters, Ann
Craddock, Margaret Lamar, and niece, Elizabeth Mary Tolley.

John Worthington, of John and Helen, married Susannah
Hood, sister of Zachariah, the stamp agent. Issue, Thomas, Nicholas,
William, James, Ann, Sarah and Elizabeth — Caleb Dorsey. Thos.
Worthington named Margaret, daughter of my late brother William;
niece, Sarah Wilson; nephew, Abraham Worthington

Samuel Worthington, of John and Helen, 1759— Mary Tolley,
daughter of Walter Tolley, of Joppa. Issue, John, Tolley, Comfort,
wife of John Worthington Dorsey, Ann Hawley, Martha Love,
Thomas Tolley, James Tolley, Edward, Samuel, Jr., Walter and
Vachel Worthington, all inheriting from $3,000 to $8,000 each.
By his second marriage to Martha Garrettson, he willed her " Bat-
sons' Forest," "Welsh's Cradle," negroes, plate, furniture. Named
his daughters, Charlotte Merryman, Sarah Dorsey, Catherine Larsh,
Susannah Worthington, Eleanor Worthington, Martha and Eliza-
beth Worthington. Sons, Nicholas and Garrett Worthington. To
John Tolley Worthington he left the family graveyard, to be handed
down by him, whom he made executor with son Charles.

By codicil be revoked the legacies of real estate to his daughters,
and left it to his sons, John Tolley, Walter and Charles Worthington.
His son Garrett was given a large estate under the condition of his
paying certain legacies to his daughters, Susannah, Eleanor and
Martha. Son Nicholas was also required to aid in their support.

John Tolley Worthington, executor of Samuel and Mary,
married Mary Worthington, daughter of Hon. Brice Thomas Beale.
Issue, Brice, Ann Ridgely and Mary — John T. H. Worthington.
The will of John Tolley Worthington left to his "grandson, John
Tolley Wortihngton, son of my daughter Mary, ' Cottage, or Welcome
Here,' all of 'Welsh's Cradle' and 'Murray's Plains,' purchased of
Garrett G. Worthington, and most of my real estate. To grand-
daughter, Polly Worthington Johns, daughter of my daughter,
Nancy Ridgely Johns, all lands not divised to grandson, John
Tolley. To granddaughter, Ann Maria Worthington, lands in
Baltimore City. To grandson, Richard Johns, lands in Baltimore
City. Named son-in-law, John T. H. Worthington. He named,
also, as residuary legatees, his grandchildren. Comfort, Samuel,
Polly Worthington, John Tolley and Sarah Weems Johns.

He referred to the helplessness of his wife and urged his grand-
son to give her all necessary attention. To him, also, was committed
the care of the family graveyard.

Walter, of Samuel and Mary — Sarah Hood. Issue, Mary —
Charles Worthington Dorsey, Martha, Elizabeth, Comfort, Hannah,
John Tolley Hood, Samuel and Charles. Samuel Worthington, Jr.,
the bachelor, named his sister, Ann Hawley; brother, Vachel;
nieces, Mary Tolley and Comfort Worthington, daughters of brother
Walter, and nephew John Tolley Hood Worthington (children of
Walter and Sarah Hood, daughter of John Hood, Jr., by Hannah

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 149

Barnes). Nephew Samuel Worthington, son of brother Edward,
inherited " my ciphered china and tea caddy," or, if he preferred,
one hundred dollars instead, the said china to go to niece Ann
Ridgely Worthington, daughter of brother John Tolley Worthington.
" All the remainder of my estate to my brother, John Tolley.

-- WORTHINGTONS OF SAMUEL AND MARY TOLLEY.

Thomas Tolley Worthington was born in Maryland, 17th
December, 1771, (a twin of James Tolley Worthington infra.),
and died at his home in Mason County, Kentucky, near Bryant's
Station, 30th July, 1843. On 6th June, 1799, he married, first,
Lydia Whipps, who died 15th December, 1803. The issue of this
marriage were, (1) Rachel, born 24th April, 1800; died 7th Decem-
ber, 1837. (2) Walter Tolley, born 17th May, 1802 died 5th May,
1828.

On 1st November, 1804, he married his sister-in-law, Avery
Whipps. The issue of this marriage were, (1) Lydia, born 4th
August, 1805; (2) Samuel, born 25th January, 1807; died 3rd Octo-
ber, 1862. (3) Comfort Ann, born 8th May, 1808; died 29th May,
1830. (4) Edward, born 1st April, 1809; died 28th September,
1829, unmarried. (5) John Tolley, born 6th March, 1811; died
20th May, 1836. (6) Mary Ann, born 2nd September, 1812; died
12th April, 1881. (7) Vachel, born 7th May, 1814; died 5th May,
1856, unmarried. (8) Thomas Tolley, born 25th November, 1815;
died 28th September, 1856, unmarried. (9) Charles, born 5th July,
1817; died 1st September 1838, unmarried. (10) Garrett, born
15th June, 1819; died 12th October, 1857. (11) Madison, born
10th April, 1821; died 12th June, 1897. (12) Martha, born 25th
February, 1823, living. (13) Nicholas Brice, born 25th May, 1825;
died 27th September, 1862. (14) Henry, born 1st September, 1826;
died 18th October, 1895.

Rachel married Thomas Mannen, of Mason County, Kentucky.
Walter Tolley married Elizabeth Slack, of Mason County, Kentucky,
Lydia married James G. Pepper, of Mason County, Kentucky.
Samuel married, first, Elizabeth Robinson; second, Malusia Robin-
son (sisters), of Tuckahoe County, Kentucky; third, Sarah Runyan,
of Mason County. Comfort Ann married John Robinson, of
Tuckahoe County. John Tolley married Rachel Donovan, of
Mason County. Mary Ann married, first, George Barker; second,
Evan Pickerell, both of Bracken County. Garrett married Laura
Adams, of Fleming County. Madison married, first, Lizzie Bledsoe;
second, Tillie Holton. Martha married William T. Craig, of Bracken
County. Nicholas Brice married, first, Jane Craig; second, Maria
Goward, both of Mason County. Henry married Maria Slack, of
Mason C!ounty.

James Tolley Worthington, twin of Thomas Tolle}^ was born
in Maryland, 17th December, 1771, and died at his home in Mercer
County, Kentucky, near Harrodsburg, 28th September, 1829. In

150 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

the early spring, 1801, he married Margaret P. Stade. The issue
of this marriage were: (1) Vachel, born 2nd February, 1802; died
7th July, 1877. (2) Mary Tolley, born January, 1804; died Feb-
ruary, 1878. (3) John Tolley, born 1808-9. (4) Comfort, born
28th August, 1812; died 28th August, 1890. (5) William, born
1814-15; died in early youth. (6) Margaret Ehzabeth, born 23rd
February, 1817; died 19th June, 1862. (7) Charles Thomas, born
3rd April, 1819; died 14th December, 1876. (8) Ellen Catherine,
born 1st March, 1821; died 27th January, 1872. (9) Edward Strade,
born 29th October, 1824; died 30th April, 1874. (10) Augusta,
born 1827; died in infancy.

Vachel married, first, 25th May, 1825, Mary Ann Burnet, of
Cincinnati, Ohio, born 29th June, 1802; died 25th October, 1834,
and had issue, (1) Rebecca Burnet, (2) James Tolley, (3) Jacob
Burner, (4) Rebecca Burnet, (5) Jacob Burnet, all dying in infancy
but James Tolley, still living. On 6th January, 1839, he married,
second, Julia Wiggins, of Cincinnati, Ohio, born 18th October, 1816;
died 7th September, 1877, and had issue, (1) Edward, (2) Samuel,
(3) Julia, (4) William.

James Tolley married Anne Mary Postlethwaite, of Lexington,
Kentucky. No issue. Edward, unmarried, Samuel died, 6th
December, 1848.

Julia married William Pope Anderson, of Cincinnati, Ohio.
Issue, Vachel Worthington, Larz. Worthington, Catherine Long-
worth, Julia Wiggins, died 21st January, 1876; William Pope,
Laura Wiggins, died 4th August, 1891; Ida Longworth, died 24th
October, 1897; Francis Baldwin, William Pope Anderson, her hus-
band, died 20th November, 1897. William married Susan Carpen-
ter. Issue, Julia, Helen, Louise Skinner, Elizabeth Carpenter.

Mary Tolley married, first, Madison Worthington, son of her
uncle, Edward Worthington, and had issue, Margaret Stade, died,
1886, and Caroline, died in youth. She married, secondly. Dr.
George Venable, of Hopkinsville, Kentucky, and had issue, George
Worthington, and James Edward. Margaret married Frederic
Augusta de Seebach-Juny, and had issue, George Ousley, Frederic
Augustus, Madison, Edward de Seebach. George Worthington
Venable married Louisa Blair and had issue, Mary Tolley, died 1880;
Julia Augusta, died 1896; Susanna Worthington; Agnes Louise,
died 1884.

John Tolley married Susan Hoard, of Mercer County, Kentucky,
and had issue, Margaret Strade, Maude, Mary Tolley. Comfort
married Buckner Miller, of Jefferson County, Kentucky, and had
issue, James Tolley, Margaret Stade, Charlie, Henry, Anna, Julia
Worthington. William died in youth.

Margaret Elizabeth married, 27th September, 1834, George
Mason Long, and had issue, Margaret Mason and Francis Martin.
Margaret Mason married Smith Gordon, and had issue, Margaret
Elizabeth, Francis Zacharie, Archie Calvert. Frances Martin mar-

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 151

ried John Thomas Janney, of Baltimore, Maryland, and had issue,
Anna Mason, Margaret Marshall, Alice Moore, Ethel Hyams, Thomas,
George Mason Long.

Charles Thomas married Joanna Theresa Gill, and had issue,
Erasmus Tolley, Anna Elizabeth, James Tolley, Vachelj Hood,
Joanna Theresa, Charles Thomas, Union, Vachel (2), Mary Tolley.

Ellen Catherine married, first, James Bruce Johnstones, and
had issue, Margaret Anna, Edward Worthington, Charles Worth-
ington, Julia James, Ellen Bell, Mary Tolley, of whom Charles
Worthington only is surviving. She married, secondly, William
Edward Keyes, of Louisville, Kentucky. No issue.

Edward Stade married Anna Eliza Powell. No issue.

Edward Worthington was born in Maryland, 18th June, 1773,
and died in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, 1846. In 1899 he married
Eliza G. Madison, of Point Pleasant, Virginia. The issue of this
marriage were, (1) Samuel Madison, (2) John Tolley, (3) Edward,
(4) James Tolley, (5) Rowland Madison, (6) Mary Aim Lewis, (7)
Eliza Martha Augusta, (8) Lucy Lewis, (9) Margaret Jane Catherine.
Samuel Madison married his cousin, Mary Tolley Worthington,
of James Tolley, supra.

John Tolley married, first, Ann Hoard Slaughter, of Mercer
County, Kentucky. Issue, William Hoard. He married, secondly,
his cousin Elizabeth Ann Worthington, of Maryland. Issue, Walter
Edward, Sarah Martha Ann, Eliza Madison, John Tolley Hood.
He married, thirdly, Jane Alida Holland, of Whitestone, New York.
Issue. James Edward, Rowland Madison, Lewis Gilmore.

Edward, unmarried. James Tolley, unmarried. Rowland
Madison, married Ann Maria Wells, of Rushville, Illinois. Issue,
Eliza Madison, Edward, Mary Lewis, James Wells, Anna Maria,
Lucy Jane, Sarah Grier.

Mary Ann Lewis, unmarried. Eliza Martha Augusta married
Judge English, of Sacramento City, California, and had one daughter.

Lucy Lewis, unmarried. Margaret Jane Catherine married Dr.
Charles Shackelford, of Hopkinsville, Kentucky. Issue, Lucy,
Elizabeth Madison, Edward Worthington.

Charles, of Samuel and Mary, — Susan Johns. Issue, Mary
Tolley, Samuel, Richard, John, Sallie, Henry, Benjamin, Rosetta,
Edward.

Ann Worthington, of John and Helen, — Thomas, Beale Dorsey,
youngest son of Caleb and Elinor (Warfield) Dorsey, of Hockley.
Issue, Caleb, John Worthington Dorsey, Thomas Beale Dorsey, Jr.,
and Sarah Meriweather.

Ehzabeth Worthington, of John and Helen, — Nicholas Dorsey,^
of Joshua and Anne Ridgely. (See Dorsey.)

Thomas Worthington, of John and Helen, 1761, — Ehzabeth
Hammond. Issue, John Worthington, 1785, — Anne Dorsey, of
Nicholas and Elizabeth, of AnnapoUs Junction. Issue, Nicholas,
Lloyd, John, Noah, Thomas, Reuben, Elizabeth, Ann, Comfort and
Henrietta. Nicholas was the large landholder; Lloyd went to

152 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Missouri; Reuben was drowned; Noah and Thomas were bachelors.
John — Miss Cockey. Issue, Nicholas — Miss O'dell, granddaughter
of General Towson, — Issue, John — Miss Parshall, of Pennsylvania,
whose daughter is Mrs. Matilda Pomeroy of Toledo, Ohio.

Judge Dye Worthington, of Howard, long judge of the Orphans
Court, married Henrietta Ridgely, of Dr. Charles C. Ridgely, of
Clarkesville. Otis Worthington, his brother, — first. Miss Walters,
and, second, NelHe Dorsey, of Amos. Thomas Worthington —
second, Marcella Owings, of Joshua. Issue, Mary, Noah, Thomas
Dye, Rezin Hammond — first, Rachel Shipley, of Robert; second,
Mary Shipley. Issue Thomas Chew Worthington, whose large
estate was near Woodstock.

John Tolley Worthington — Mary Govane, daughter of James
Hood, of Hood's Mill, whose wife was Sarah Howard, daughter of
Benjamin Howard and Mary Govane. Issue, Mary Govane Hood,
whose inheritance was later sold by her husband and herself to
Samuel Bentz, and by him named "The Stock Farm." It bordered
on "Dexterity" at Hood's Mill; took in "Sally's Chance," her
mother's tract. It was deeded by John Tolley Worthington, and
Mary Govane, his wife, to Samuel Bentz, in 1858.

The following notice of his estate is taken from the Baltimore
Sun: "John Tolley Worthington, son of John Tolley Worthington,
who died in 1860, holds an estate which covers most of Worthington
Valley. His mother was Mary Govane Hood. Mr. Worthington
inherited the 'Shawan' Hunting Ground, about 1,000 acres, near
Cockeysville. His father's estate called 'Mont Morency,' was left
to him, Mrs. Sallie Conrad and L. W. Cipriani, his nephew."

The following quotation from a Washington paper refers to him:
"There are many persons living in Baltimore to whom the name,
Bodisco, will recall another brilliant marriage; that of the beautiful
daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Tolley Worthington. Some years
before the war. Miss Mary Worthington went abroad with the
Count and Countess Bodisco. She was presented at the French
Court, which was then the most brilliant in Europe. On this
occasion she wore a superb pink watered silk gown, the front of
which was trimmed with rosettes in which glistened diamonds. She
married Leonette Cipriani, an Italian general of noble birth. One
year later, the daughter returned to her home and there died. Her
only son inherited her interest in Worthington Valley.

James Worthington, of John, — Elizabeth Griffith, of Colonel
Henry, Jr. Issue, John Hammond Worthington, Nicholas Griffith,
Sarah, Susan, Thomas, William, Mary H., Upton and Elizabeth
Worthington.

John Hammond — Ann Hammond Dorsey, of Joshua and
Henrietta Hammond. Issue, Joshua Dorsey Worthington, Nicholas,
John T. Worthington.

Nicholas Worthington, of John H. and Ann, — first, Sarah E,
Anderson. Issue, Laura — Lloyd E. Dorsey. Second, Henrietta A.
Dorsey.

FOUNDEKS OF AnNE ArUNDEL AND HoWARD COUNTIES. 153

Charles Worthington, of James and Elizabeth, — Ann Brashear.
Upton Worthington, of James and Elizabeth — Catherine Dorsey,
of Joshua and Henrietta. Nicholas Griffith Worthington, of James
and Elizabeth, — in Kentucky, Eliza White.

Thomas Worthington, second son of Captain John — Elizabeth
Ridgely, "daughter of Henry and Katherine (Greenberry) Ridgely.
Issue, Ann, born 1713; "Sarah, 1715; Elizabeth, 1717; Katherine,
1720; Rachel Ridgely, 1722; Thomasine, 1724; Brice Thomas
Beale, 1727; Ariana, 1729; Thomas, 1731; Nicholas, 1734.

Thomas and Elizabeth Worthington bought "Broome" and
"Wardridge" of Henry Ridgely, third, and resided there. It
bordered upon "Hockley", and upon it are both the Ridgely and
Worthington graveyards.

From that old homestead went forth to Elk Ridge, the follow-
ing daughters, whose history belongs to Howard County: Sarah
Worthington — Basil Dorsey, born at Hockley; Elizabeth — Henry
Dorsey, of Joshua and Ann Ridgely; Katherine — Major Nicholas
Gassa^ay, of Colonel Nicholas, of South ^iver; Rachel Ridgely
Worthington — Cornelius Howard, of Joseph, her neighbor; Thom-
asin — Alexander Warfield, of John; Ariana — Nicholas Watkins, Jr.
All inherited portions of "Worthington Range," at Clarksville, and
"Partnership," between Highland and Fulton.

The sons of Thomas and Elizabeth Ridgely Worthington
remained in Anne Arundel. Thomas Worthington died in 1753,
when the following obituary notice was written upon his life; his
wife, Elizabeth, died 1734: "Last Monday morning, died at his
plantation, about five miles from town, in the 63rd year, or grand
climatical year, of his age, Mr. Thomas Worthington, who, for many
years past, and to the time of his death, was one of the representa-
tives for this county in the Lower House of the Assembly. He
served his country with a steady and disinterested fidelity; was
strictly honest in principle and practice, and, therefore, had the
esteem of all that knew him. He was a good father and sincere
friend; was frugal and industrious, and was possessed of many
qualities which constituted the character of a good and sincere
Christian."— (Maryland Gazette, 1753.)

Hon. Brice Thomas Beale Worthington, his son, w^as a mem-
ber of the colonial legislature preceding the Revolution, and was
upon the active list in the defense of the province. He married
Ann Ridgely, daughter of Colonel Henry and Elizabeth (Warfield)
Ridgely. Their daughter Mary — John Tolley Worthington, of
Samuel and Mary Tolley, of Joppa. Issue, Brice, Mary and Ann.

Mary Tyler Worthington, granddaughter of Hon. Thomas
Beale, became the wife of Wilham Warfield, the Annapolis merchant,
great-grandson of Benjamin Warfield, of " Lugg Ox."

Major Nicholas Worthington, next son of Thomas and Eliza-
beth, married Catherine Griffith, daughter of Captain Charles and
Catherine (Baldwin) Griffith. Their homestead was " Summer Hill."
It stood west of Hockley, and south of the Annapolis and Elk Ridge

154 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

railroad, until destroyed by fire. Major Worthington was a rep-
resentative in the General Assembly at Annapolis, and commanded
the militia of his section. His oldest son, Thomas Worthington,,
was located near "The Rising Sun," a celebrated wayside resort.
He married Margaret Mullikin. Charles — Elizabeth Booth; Nich-
olas — Elizabeth Rutland; Catherine — Colonel Baker Johnson; Brice
John Worthington — Ann Fitzhugh.

John Griffith Worthington, his twin brother, was a representa-
tive in the Legislature, and died a bachelor. Achsah — Dr. Richard
Goldsborough; Sarah — Dr. William Goldsborough. These daugh-
ters of "Summer Hill" have left long lines of distinguished men
and women, in Frederick and upon the Eastern Shore.

Thomas and Margaret (Mullikin) Worthington's descendants
were Thomas and Dr. Charles Griffith Worthington, the history
of whom belongs to Howard County.

" BELVOIR."

Upon a commanding ridge overlooking an extensive landscape,
and in full view of Round Bay, stands the best preserved colonial
home near Annapolis. It is " Belvoir," built upon " Wyatt's Ridge."
It is a long brick building with wide hallway and well-proportioned
rooms. It was built by John Ross, when Register of the Land
Office. It became next the property of Colonel Maynadier.

Hon. Brice John Worthington, son of Colonel Nicholas, of
"Summer Hill," to extend his estate from Eagle Nest Bay to South-
River, a distance of seven miles, purchased "Belvoir" at a cost of
$25,000, and, it is claimed, made $13,000 on tobacco in one year.
He married Anna Lee Fitzhugh, niece of Colonel Maynadier of " Old
Windsor," Baltimore County, whom he met on one of his fox-hunt-
ing rims with the Colonel.

In a large field, nearly a fourth of a mile from the dwelling,
surrounded by an iron railing, rest the remains of Mrs. Maynadier
and those of Mrs. Ann Arnold Key, grandmother of Maryland's
poet. The latter grave has the protective stamp of the Colonial
Dames of Maryland; and upon the old tombstone one may read:
"In memory of Mrs. Ann Arnold Key, who departed this life
January 5th, 1811, in the 84th year of her age."

She was the daughter of John Ross, who held land in several
counties, viz.: "Ross Range," in Frederick County; "Carpenter's
Point," Talbot County, and later, the builder of "Belvoir." upon
Nicholas Wyatt's survey of "Wyatt's Ridge."

Mrs. Key's sister, Elizabeth Ross, married Dr. Upton Scott,
a wealthy citizen of Annapolis, whose homestead has been made
the seat of the hero, "Richard Carvil."

Ann Arnold Ross married Francis Key, son of Philip Key, of
St. Mary's. Upon the burning of her house at Carpenter's Point,
her sight was destroyed by fire and smoke while rescuing two
servants from the flames. She then crossed the bay and took up her

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 155

residence with her daughter, Ehzabeth Ross Key, wife of Colonel
Henry Maynadier, of " Belvoir," where she ended her days. Mrs.
Key had, also, two sons, John Ross and Philip Barton Key. The
former was an active patriot of the Revolution; the latter a Tory,
whose property was confiscated. This same property came to him
through the generosity of his brother, heir-at-law of the estate, who
shared with his brother; and, after the war, again shared his estate
with his Tory brother.

General John Ross Key married Anne Rhoche Charlton, whose
son was Francis Scott Key, author of the "Star Spangled Banner."
His sister, Anne, became the wife of Chief Justice Roger Brooke
Taney.

Francis Scott Key married Mary Tayloe Lloyd: their son,
Philip Barton Key, met a tragic death — killed by General Daniel
E. Sickles. His brother, Samuel P. Key, fell in a duel at Bladens-
burg. His daughter, wife of Senator George H. Pendleton, also met
a tragic death, in falling from her carriage. He, himself, died
suddenly in Baltimore, in 1843, and now lies in Mt. Olivet Cemetery,
Frederick, under a handsome monument erected over him in 1898.
His wife rests beside him." The above quotation is from an
excellent contribution to the Ellicott City Times.

The unprotected tomb, thus described, has only recently been
guarded by the Society of Colonial Dames, which is rescuing many
"more graves from desecration.

Hon. Brice John Worthington was fourth in line in distinguished
service in legislative halls, at Annapolis. He was an ardent Fed-
eralist. When Alexander Contee Hanson, General Lingan, "Light-
Horse" Harry Lee, Dr. Peregrine Warfield, Majors Ephraim and
William Gaither, and other defenders of Hanson's Press, had been
mobbed in Baltimore, Hon. Mr. Worthington rode in his carriage
to bring them to his home at "Belvoir." When Samuel Chase had
been impeached in Washington, he rode there and remained with
him during his trial.

Upon the arrival of United States Senator Henry Moore Ridgely
at Washington, he asked General Samuel Smith if "his cousin,
Brice John Worthington, still lived." The General answered, "Yes
and his heart is as big as this capitol." This big-hearted Federalist
and friend in need, though his county had been democratic, still
kept a seat in the halls of legislation, where three of his direct
ancestors had sat before him — all from the neighborhood of ''Eagle
Nest Bay."

His issue were Catherine — Dr. Wm. Gautt; Elizabeth —
Edward Rutland; George Fitzhugh — Elizabeth Harwood; Nicholas
Brice — Sophia K. Muse; Hester Ann — Dr. Richard McCubbin;
Brice John — Matilda Pue; CaroHne — WiUiam Holliday; Mary and
Charles F. Worthington.

"Belvoir" is now held by a Catholic society, but its history
belongs to the brightest and most palmy days of the province.

156 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

William Worthington, of Captain John, 1717, — Sarah Home-
wood. He was a justice in 1719. He bought, or held, a tract of
Thomas Homewood near the Magothy River in Anne Arundel County.
Wornell Worthington was the only son of William, who left descend-
ants. He married Anna Hammond. The " William Worthington,"
recorded in "The Bowies and Their Kin," "born, 1748," was his
son. I quote from the above: "Reared by his grandfather, he
inherited a large estate upon the Magothy, opposite 'Three Sisters,'
and called his home 'Mount Ida.' "

In 1773, his land was named " Worthington's Courting."
He married Jane Contee, daughter of Colonel Thomas Contee
and Sarah Fendall. He was polished, affable and generous; but
his property, some 1,200 acres, was sacrificed to pay his friends'
debts. He went to Nottingham. His wife inherited "Brookefield"
and its graveyard. It is now known as "The Valley," and is held
by his granddaughter, Mrs. Thomas F. Bowie, Jr. It was willed to
Walter Worthington, the eldest son.

General Thomas Contee Worthington, of William, born 1782,
died at Frederick, 1847. He was a member of the Governor's
Council, and was in Congress, in 1830. He was an officer in the
State Militia, and in the war of 1812, in which he was commissioned
Brigadier-General of 9th Brigade of Maryland Troops. He never
married.

Judge Wm. G. D. Worthington, of William, — Eliza Jordan.
He' was minister to South America; trod the sunburnt pampas, and
climbed the snow clad peaks of the Andes; was sent to Greece, and
advocated its independence. He was Judge of the Court in Balti-
more. Alexander Contee Worthington and his son, of Baltimore,
are descendants.

Walter Brooke Cox Worthington, youngest son, — Mrs. Priscilla
Oden, daughter of Governor Robert Bowie. His daughter Eliza-
beth Margaret — Thomas F. Bowie, Jr., and inherits "The Valley."
He was wealthy and kind. His son William — a daughter of General
Thomas F. Bowie, United States Congressman and political leader
in Prince George. His son, Hal. Bowie, my classmate at Dickin-
son College, a splendid soldier during the War of 1861, was one of
its victims.

Charles Worthington, of Captain John, — Sarah Chew. Issue,

Elizabeth, Charles and John. He removed to Baltimore County.

Sarah Worthington, of Captain John, — Nicholas Ridgely, of

Henry and Katherine Greenberry. Her descendants are in both

Maryland and Delaware.

CAPT, JOHN BRICE.

From a copy held by Nicholas Brice, of Philadelphia, made
from Judge Nicholas Price's record, the following is taken, by
permission of Mrs. Edith Marden Ridout, of the Severn:

"Captain John Brice came from Hamershire, England. He is
recorded as gentleman, merchant, planter, member of the House

FOUXDERS OF AXNE ArUXDEL AXD HoTVARD COUNTIES. 157

of Burgesses, Justice of the Peace, and Captain of the Severn Hun-
dred. He married Sarah, widow of Captain John Worthington.
His crest and coat of arms, a Hon's head, are still extant.

"Captain Brice was guardian for the Worthington heirs and
extended the estate. One son and two daughters were the issue of
his marriage to Mrs. Worthington. Ann — Vachel Denton: Rachel
— Philip Hammond, the Annapolis merchant. John Brice, Jr.,
Judge of the Provincial Court — Sarah Frisby, daughter of James
and Ariana (Vanderheyden) Frisby."

Mrs. Ariana Frisby was three times married. Her last husband
was Edmund Jenings, secretary of the province, by whom she had
a son, Edmund Jenings, Jr. John and Sarah Frisby Brice left
Ariana — Dr. David Ross; Sarah — Richard Henderson, of Blad-
ensburg. John,, the bachelor official of Annapolis; Colonel James
Brice — Juliana Jenings, whose wedding gift was the magnificent
colonial homestead on Prince George Street. Annapolis.

Colonel James Brice left a note book with maps of the battles
of the Revolution, in which he was engaged. His daughter, Juhana
Jenings Brice became the wife of Judge John Stephen, of St. Mary's
County, son of Rev. Stephen of St. Mary's, whose church still stands.

Judge Stephen removed to Bladensburg. He had eight sons,
only one of whom, Nicholas Carroll Stephen, had issue. Benjamin
D. Stephen, John Stephen and Mrs. Juliana Jenings Dieudonne,
all of Bladensburg, are his heirs. From these I have seen the Brice
records.

Mr. James Frisby Brice, son of Colonel James Brice, left the
following record of the families of Edmund and Thomas Jenings,
the two distinguished officials of the province. He records : " Thomas
Jenings, my grandfather, was born in England. The place and
time of his birth are not known to us; nor do we know the christian
names of-his father and mother. The former died when he was
quite j^oimg. He was a cousin to the Duchess of Marlborough,
whose name was Sarah Jenings. He came to this country when
ninteen years of age. My brother, Thomas J. Brice, found in the
Executive Chamber a record of his commission as Attorney-General
of the State, about the year 1773.

"He studied law in England with Mr. James Best, and at his
request, named a son and daughter for Mr. and Mrs. Best, who
left them legacies. Elizabeth Jenings was a celebrated beauty.
She became Mrs. Hodges of Baltimore. We are related to the
family of Edmimd Jenings, Secretary of the Pro\'ince, through his
marriage to my great-grandmother, Ariana, mother of Sarah Frisby.

"Edmund Jenings and wife went to London, where she died.
He returned and died in 1757. Their son, Edmund Jenings,
remained in England, and wTote to his half sister, Sarah (Frisby)
Brice, for information of the family."

Mr. Thomas J. Brice, brother of the above recorder, held the
Brice mansion until his death, which was caused by a blow given
him whilst asleep, presumably by a servant to secure a legacy.

158 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

The historic house descended to Nicholas Carroll Stephen, the
attorney of Bladensburg, who sold it to Ex-Mayor Martin, its
present owner. It is by all odds, the most elegant home in Annapolis.

Edmund Brice, of John and Sarah, — Harriet Woodward. Their
son, James Edmund Brice was consul to St. Domingo. His mother,
later, became the wife of Dr. William Murray, of West River.

Margaretta Augusta, of John and Sarah, became the wife
of Major Andrew Leitch, of General Washington's staff. Their
daughters were Mrs. John Addison, Mrs. Dr. Thomas Scharff, of
Georgetown, whose daughter, Jane, married Rev. John Johns,
rector of Christ Church.

Elizabeth, of John and Sarah, — first, Lloyd Dulaney, who fell
in duel with Rev. Mr. Allen, in Hyde Park; second, Major Walter
Dulaney, of the British Army. They resided at Annapolis. Their
daughter Mary, married Henry Rogers; Sally Grafton Dulaney —
Oliver Donaldson.

The wives of General James Lingan, who was killed in the
Baltimore mob of 1812, and of Patrick Sim, were daughters of
Sarah Brice and Richard Henderson, of Bladensburg.

John Brice, the third, married Mary Clare Carroll MacCubbin.
Their sons were John, Nicholas, Henry and Edmund.

John, the fourth, — Sarah Lane, and had issue, Mary Clare —
Christian Keener; Providence Dorsey — Darius Clagett; Eliza —
I. P. Kraffth, Prussian Consul. Their daughter, Mary E., became
the wife, and (now deceased.) widow of Judge Reuben M. Dorsey,
of Howard County.

Judge Nicholas Brice — Anna Maria Margaret Tilghman. Their
son, John Henry Brice — Sophia Howard; Charles Carroll Brice —
Susan Selby. Issue, Anna Maria Brice — Jesse Marden. Their
daughter, Edith, is now Mrs. Weems Ridout, of St. Margaret's
Parish.

Richard Tilghman Brice, of Charles Carroll, held the historic
homestead overlooking the beautiful Severn, a picture of which he
kindly offered me.

JOHN BALDWIN, OF SOUTH RIVER:

This Virginia descendant of John Baldwyn, the hero of 1622,
became a Quaker convert of the South River settlement. His will
of 1684, named his wife, Elizabeth; daughter, Margaret, wife of
Thomas Cruchley, the Annapolis attorney; his daughter Lydia,
widow of Thomas Watkins and mother of Thomas Watkins, Jr.;
his daughter, Ruth, wife of Captain Philip Howard; his son, John
heir and executor. The testator also names his grand children, viz. :
Hannah Howard, Lydia Cruchley (sister of Ruth Warfield), and
Thomas Watkins, Jr.

John Baldwin, the son, married Hester, widow of Nicholas
Nicholson and daughter of John B^Msssia. Their sons were Thomas
and John. Catherine, wife of Captain Charles Griffith, was the

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 159

•only daughter. From Thomas and Agnes Baldwin came Anne, wife
of Judge Samuel Chase, signer of the Declaration of Independence,
and Hester, wife of Judge Townley Chase.

John Baldwin, the third, removed to Cecil County. He was
the progenitor of the McLane and Milligan families of Delaware;
represented in Maryland by Hon. Louis McLane, once president of
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, father of Governor Robert
McLane, ambassador to France under President Cleveland. The late
Mayor Robert McLane, a nephew, by his courageous work, suc-
ceeding the disastrous fire of 1904, has helped to restore a more
beautiful city.

There is a will at Annapolis, which shows that John Baldwin,
the Quaker, must have had another son not named in his will, viz.:
James Baldwin, the testator of 1727. He names his sons John,
James, Thomas, Tyler; and daughters Susanna and Mary Baldwin.
"To son James, the homestead of my father, John Baldwin, by his
last will and testament." Thomas Baldwin was a witness.

The will of Robert Tyler sheds further light on this family. It
reads: "My tract, ' Borough,' to go afterwards to grandson, John
Baldwin; to grandson, Tyler Baldwin; to grandson, Thomas Bald-
win; to grandson, James Baldwin — sons of Mary Baldwin."

The Baldwin family of Anne Arundel, suppose that their pro-
genitor, Edward Baldwin, descended from one of the sons of James
Baldwin, the testator of 1727. I am aware that he is put down in
the Baldwin book as an independent member, not further traced.

Edward Baldwin settled in Anne' Arundel, on a tract, " Brogdens"
His wife was Miss Meeks. Issue, James, Henry, Deborah and Lydia.
The oldest son, James, bore the name of the testator of 1727; this
indicates a connection.

Mr. Edward Baldwin and his wife, both died young, leaving
minors. These were well brought up by a Mr. Wilson, of Annapolis,
Mr. Guildhall and Mr. Woodward. James inherited the homestead;
Henry was seated at " Rising Sun," adjoining his brother.

Coming to manhood at the beginning of the Revolution, Henry
raised a company of militia, and later served in the field. Captain
Henry married, first, Sarah Hall, widow of James Rawlings. Their
daughter, Sarah, became Mrs. Denton Hammond. Issue, Colonel
Matthias; Elizabeth — Richard Cromwell; Camilla — Dr. Fairfax
Herbert, of Howard. Their sons were the noted Confederate
General James Rawlings Herbert, and his brothers John and Edward.

Captain Henry Baldwin — second, Maria Woodward, daughter
of Wm. Garrett Woodward, by Dinah Warfield, his wife. Their
only son was Judge William Henry Baldwin, who married Jane
Maria Woodward, of Lieutenant Henry Woodward. Eliza, his sister,
married Thomas Worthington. Their two children were Dr. Wm.
Henry Worthington and Achsah Dorsey. Judge Wm. Henry Bald-
win, of Annapolis, left sons and daughters of distinction: Maria
Eleanor — Hon. Benjamin Gantt; Martha E. — Rev. N. J. B. Morgan;

160 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Wm. Henry Baldwin, Jr., Richard, Christopher Columbus, Sum-
merfield, Rev. Charles Winterfield, presiding elder of the Methodist
Church, graduate of Yale, — first, Annie E. Hopkins; second, Annie
M. Thomas.

Christopher Columbus Baldwin married Miss Roman, of Hagers-
town.

The late Richard Baldwin, former Register of Wills in Anne
Arundel County, lived at Waterbury, upon Howard's and Porter's
Range. His wife was Sophia Furlong. Their oldest daughter, Jane,
now Mrs. Cotton, has completed indexes of wills and testamentary
proceedings in Anne Arundel. Her brothers and sisters are Wm.
Henry, H. Furlong, Richard, Christopher Columbus, Fannie-Louisa
and Washington, wa^ j ; v^Q-j;:ir^ ^ Y'iMSK :>f tXl, f^}^<.n-:t^'-fAC.

Summerfield Baldwin — Fannie Cugle. Issue, William and
Summerfield Baldwin. He married, second, Miss Juliet Sewell.

Rignal Baldwin, attorney-at-law, Baltimore, — Rosa Hall, of
Washington, D. C. Issue, Rignal, Morgan H., Springfield, Henry
Wilson and Charles Severn Baldwin. Mr. Rignal Baldwin graduated
from Dickinson College, but died in his prime.

WilHam Henry Baldwin, Jr., at fourteen years, was employed
by Jones & Woodward, later Wilham Woodward & Co., and still
later, in 1844, when Mr. Baldwin became a partner, it took the name
still held, Woodward, Baldwin & Co. The death of Mr. Woodward,
in 1896, left Mr. Baldwin senior member. He founded the Maryland
Savings Bank, and was its first president. He was of the board
of Eutaw Savings Bank, Maryland Trust Co., Merchants National
Bank and The American Fire Insurance Co.; president of the
Mercantile Library; member of Merchants and Manufacturers
Association; and, lastly, the owner of Savage Factory.

In 1859, he married Mary P. Rodman, daughter of Samuel, of
Rhode Island. Their son, Frank Gambrill Baldwin, is of the same
firm. Carroll Baldwin represents the New York branch. The
daughters are Misses Maria Woodward and Salhe Rodman Baldwin.

Mr. Baldwin was a vestryman of Grace Church. He died
October, 1902, and was interred at Baldwin's Memorial Church,
near Waterbury.

James Baldwin, oldest son of Edward, through his son Edward,
had granddaughters, Eilzabeth — Joseph Tate; Lydia — John Sewell.

Francis Baldwin, of James, — first, Sarah Duvall, of Ephriam,
and second, Mary Sewell, of Augustine. He died at " Boyd's Chance,"
an inheritance from his father, James. His heirs were, Mary Pitts,
Sarah, Susan, John and Thomas Pitts Baldwin.

\^ PITTS:

Thomas Pitts, of Wilham, settled at "Pitts' Orchard," Anne
Arundel, and married Susannah Lusby. Issue, Thomas, Charles,
John, Elizabeth, Susan, Henrietta, Ann and Mary Pitts. Thomas
Pitts, Jr., — Sarah Sewell, of John. Issue, Thomas and Achash.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 161

Mary — Augustine Sewell; Elizabeth — Charles McElfresh, of
Frederick County; Ann — Mordecai Stewart, of South River. Third
daughter, Eleanor, — Philip McElfresh. Rev. Thomas Pitts, of
Thomas, — Elizabeth Hall, of Nicholas, of New Market. Their sons
were Nicholas, John Lusby, Thomas, William and Charles H. Pitts,
the gifted lawyer of Baltimore. He married Miss Reynolds, and had
Charles, Edward, Glen and Martha Pitts, who became Mrs. John
Nicholson,

CAPTAIN JOHN NORWOOD.

After leaving the Glebe Land of Elizabeth River Church,
Captain John Norwood located upon the Severn, by the side of the
Dorseys and Howards. He became the first Sheriff of the new
settlement of Providence.

The following records show that he was a man of influence
among the Virginia settlers: "John Norwood demands six hundred
acres for transporting self, wife and two children, John and Andrew,
and two servants, John Hays and Elizabeth Hills, in 1650."

In 1657, another record reads: "John Norwood demands lands
for transporting three other servants, Thomas Hill, 1654, and George
Barrett and Elizabeth, in 1657. Ivane Barrington, John Heild,
Franc Evans, Amy Severie, Mary Webb, Demetrius Cartrite, Mary
Browne and Edward Pyres were transported by him in 1661. He
assigned these rights to Richard Cheary. He demands land, also,
for transporting John Horrington into the province in 1662, and
assigned the same to Susanna Howard, for the use of her son, Charles
Stephens, son of Charles Stephens, deceased."

In 1661, a commission was issued to Captain John Norwood, of
the Severn, to command all the forces from the head of the river te
the south side of the Patapsco.

Captain Norwood and Edward Dorsey, gentleman, took up
lands together on the Severn in 1650.

The archives contain the following record of Captain John
Norwood as sheriff of Providence: "Mr. John Norwood, sheriff of
Providence, hath petitioned this Court, that, whereas, Wm. Evans,
Thomas Trueman, Captain William Stone, Mr. Job Chandler, Ed-
ward Packer, George Thompson, Robert Clarke, Henry Williams
and John Casey owe him for charges and fees due to him from said
persons when they were prisoners upon the last rebellion of Captain
William Stone (as the said sheriff hath deposed in Court), it is
ordered, that, if said persons shall not satisfy the several sums to
said John Norwood, the sheriff of those counties shall seize by
distress," etc.

Andrew Norwood, of Captain John, was one of the commis-
sioners for laying out the town of Annapolis. He married Elizabeth,
daughter of Captain Cornelius Howard. Their daughter, Ehzabeth,
married John Beale, the attorney.

From this marriage came Ann, wife of Thomas Rutland, and
Elizabeth Nicholson, wife of Richard Dorsey, of "Hockley."

162 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

COLONEL NICHOLAS GREENBERRY, KEEPER OF THE
GREAT SEAL.

This name has been handed down in nearly every family '^f
Anne Arundel.

Nicholas Greenberry, his wife Anne, their two children, Charles
and Katherine, and three servants, arrived in the ship "Constant
Friendship," in 1674. In 1680, he acquired, by purchase from
Colonel William Fuller, son of Captain William Fuller, a tract of
land called "Fuller"; later known as "White Hall." This he
resurveyed as "Greenberry Forest."

Five years later, he sold a portion of this tract to Captain John
Worthington; and, in 1685, bought the tract of two hundred and
fifty acres known as "Towne Neck." This became later, "Green-
berry Point.". The history of its transfers has already been given
in the early settlement of Anne ArundeL Upon this tract Colonel
Greenberry died.

Colonel Greenberry was one of the commissioners, in 1683, to
lay out "towns at Towne Land at Proctor's — att South River on
Colonel Burgess' Land and att Herring Creek on the Towne Land."

He rose to prominence during the transfer of the proprietary
government to King William and Queen Mary. In 1690, he was a
staunch follower of Captain John Coode, and signed the address to
King William. Took the desposition of John Hammond concern-
ing the alleged treasonable words of Richard Hill, in reference to
the Prince of Orange.

During that year, John Coode was made commander-in-chief
of his majesty's forces in the province, with Major Nicholas Green-
berry, and Colonel Nicholas Gassaway as two of his lieutenants.
They were a prominent part of the committee of twenty, who held
political sway in Anne Arundel. In 1691, Major Greenberry was
one of the seventeen citizens who signed articles of impeachment
against my Lord Baltimore. That same year he was appointed
one of the Judges of the Provincial Court. As a member of the
Governor's Council under Sir Lionel Copley, he attended all of its
meetings with great punctuality.

In 1692, as one of the military commanders. Colonel Nicholas
Greenberry was authorized to erect three forts against invading
Indians; being especially in charge of the one in Anne Arundel.
He was further authorized to press all smiths in cleansing and fixing
the public arms. Colonel Ninian Beale, of Calvert, then in charge
of all the provincial forces, was ordered to offer Colonel Nicholas
Greenberry all necessary assistance in erecting the several forts.

On the death of Sir Lionel Copley, in 1693, Colonel Greenberry,
as president of the Council, became Acting-Governor of the Province,
until superseded by Sir Edward Andros.

Colonel Greenberry's letter to Sir Lionel Copley, captain general
and governor of Maryland, strikes thus at the opposition in the
province: "Sir, — I have been creditably informed lately of a great

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 163

cabal in our county, held by the Grand Leaders of the Jacobite
Party, viz.: Colonel Coursey, Major Sayer, Colonel Darnall, Major
Dorsey, Richard Smith, Samuel Chew and John Hanson. Their
rendezvous was at Darnall's, Chew's, Dorsey's and one Mareen
Duval's, but the occasion of their meeting is not to be known."

Signed. Nicholas Greenberry.
Severn River, July 25th, 1692.

During that same year, he addressed a letter, signed by the
members of the Council, reflecting on the loyalty of Governor Francis
Nicholson. Charges of misconduct in office were also brought by
him and other members of the Council, against Sir Thomas Lawrence,
Thomas Bland and Colonel Jowles.

Colonel Greenberry died 1697, aged seventy years. His widow,
Ann, died 1698. Both were buried at "Greenberry Point Farm,"
on the north side of the Severn River, opposite Annapolis.

His tombstone bears this inscription: "Here lie^b interred, the
body of Colonel Nicholas Greenberry, Esq., who dooarted this life
the 17th day of December, 1697. Aetatis suae .seventy."

The will of Colonel Greenberry, stamped wjrh ,, remarkable seal,
left his dwelling plantation to his beloved wife. Aim; after her death
to son Charles; in case of his death without isaue, to go to his three
daughters, Catherine, Ann and Elizabeth , forever. " I give to son
Charles, my plantation ' White Hall.' The remainder of my per-
sonal estate here and in the Kingdom of England, after my wife's
third part thereof is deducted therefrom, to be divided by equal
portions to son Charles and daughters, with this proviso: as to my
daughter, Ann, in case her husband, John Hammond, be not seized
in fee simple of the plantation on which he now dwells, or any
other, then in that case, my portion to her shall remain in my
executors' hands till the death of said John Hammond, as a reserve
for her support in widowhood. If she die before her husband,
then my bequest to her children. Wife Ann and son Charles
executrix and executor. March 5th, 1697-8. Nich. Greenberry.
(Seale.) "

The colonel's home tract was later held by Mr. Palmer, the
recent Register of Wills of Anne Arundel County. It is now owned
by Mr. Charles E. Remsen,

Colonel Greenberry's letters show him to have been a man of
marked intelligence. As president of the Council, and Chancellor,
he was Keeper of the Great Seal, and Judge of the High Court of
Chancery.

His only son, Colonel Charles Greenberry, bore many of the
busy characteristics of his father. He was the life and support of
St. Margarets Church, to which he left his estate, "White Hall,"
after the death of his wife, Rachel Stimpson.

Colonel Charles Greenberry went before the special. Court for
restoring the records which had been destroyed in 1704, and entered
all the transfers of his family connections, including those of his
brother-in-law, Henry Ridgely. From deeds transferred to his wife,

164 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

we learn that she was the daughter of Thomas Stimpson, by-
Rachel Clark, daughter of Richard Beard, of South River. Her
history is fully recorded in the sketch of Richard Beard.

Colonel Charles Greenberry had one daughter, Ruth, who
became Mrs. Williams. A silver dram cup and other memorials were
given her by Mrs. Rachel Killburne.

Colonel Charles Greenberry died in 1713. His widow married,
in 1715, Colonel Charles Hammond, son of Charles and Hannah
(Howard) Hammond. Colonel Charles Greenberry, in his will, left
his estate, "White Hall," to his wife; to descend, at her death, to
the vestry of Westminster Parish, for the maintenance of a minister.

He named his sister, Katherine Ridgely's children, Henry,
Nicholas, Ann and Elizabeth Ridgely; his sister, Elizabeth Golds-
borougu and his sister, Anne Hammond.'.^

His brother-in-law, John Hammond, Jr., was made an executor
with his wife.

^ BROWNE, OF ANNE ARUNDEL.

Upon an original will, at Annapolis is the stamp of a Stork.
Burke traces tb ^ LeBrune name, which is fiftieth on the Battle
Abbey Roll to Sir Stephen, oldest son of Hugh, one of the Lords of
Wales. His wife was Eva, sister of Griffith, Prince of Wales. His
descendants were Sir John of Essex, and Thomas Browne, of London,
from whom descended Thomas Browne, heir, and John Browne,
second son, of London.

Their crest, says Burke, is a Stork. This John Browne, of
London, is upon our records in the following letter:
To Philip Calvert,
Hon. Sir:

These are to certify, that whereas, George Goldsmith hath
promised me to procure me a parcell of land if I could get a warrant,
these, therefore, are to desire that you will be pleased to grant me a
warrant upon the rights hereunder written. I shall remain, your
ever loving friend to command.

John Browne.
January ye 16th, 1659.

For bringing into the province John Browne, James Browne.
John Browne (and two others.) " Warrant issued to lay out 500
acres of land for John Browne upon the rights entered as above.
Return the last day of August, next. Signed by the

Governour."

In 1673, "John Browne, mariner, of London," bought two
tracts "Hope" and "Increase," near Round Bay. These tracts,
showing the history of their purchase are to be seen in our Record
Office, in the name of Richard Warfield and at his request, were so
recorded among the restored records after the burning of the State
House. As no transfers attended the record, the inference is clear
they came into Warfield's possession through his wife, Elinor Browne,
the heiress of Captain John Browne, of London. Captain Browne

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 165

was closely allied to Robert Proctor, who held the Port of Annapolis,
known then as "Proctor's Landing." In 1690, Captain Browne sold
Proctor's interest in Abington and Freeman's Lands, to John Gaither,
a brother-in-law of Proctor. Captain Browne and Peregrine Browne,
his brother were earnest advocates of the Proprietary during the
Revolution, which placed King William in control of Maryland in
1690-91. Their vessels were anchored in the harbor of Plymouth,
when Captain John Coode, the leader of the King's adherents in
Maryland, came on board with a packet of letters for his allies in
Maryland.

Colonel Coursey, Captain Hynson, Mr. Lillington, Mr. Lingan and
Richard Warfield, all loyal subjects of the Proprietary, were ori board
of these vessels, bound for the Province. Captain Coode gave his
packet to Benjamin Ricand for delivery. During tb<^ passage the
packet disappeared and upon an investigation, in wUi": there were
many depositions, no light was thrown on the sul .,c, but Coode
was successful in his rebellion. When Coode had oaused the dismissal
of Captain Richard Hill from the Council b ise the latter had
urged the people of Anne Arundel not to -;«Ti , delegates to Coode's
Assembly, telling them that their property, came to them through
the grant of the Proprietary and they 1) H better not risk it by rush-
ing to the support of the King, who .. .i^tit not be able to hold the
Province. Captain John Browne viote in defence of Captain Hill
the following:

"Captain Richard Hill is a Scotchman, bold in speech, who
spoke what others only dared to think. On returning to our vessels
we came across him in the woods. He seemed much cast down. I
trust his past usefulness in this Province will be taken into considera-
tion and hope you will be able to restore him to his former position.

Your friend,

Jno. Browne and others.

The friends of the King were equally as severe on Captain James
Frisby, "a brother of Captain Peregrine Browne and his brother,
John Browne, refusing to admit him to his appointed seat in the
Council of 1692, on the ground that all three were enemies to the King.

From their records. Captain Browne seems to have made his
residence while in Maryland with Richard Warfield and with him
was summoned as a witness in the Chancery case of Dorsey vs.
Bland.

' Captain John Browne was closely allied to Thomas Browne, an
adjoining neighbor of Richard Warfield.

Thomas Browne was the son of Thomas Browne, Sr., who took up
lands in 1650, adjoining Edward Lloyd. John Browne, his brother,
also took up adjoining lands to Edward Lloyd, both coming up
with the Virginia settlers of 1650. John Browne was in the Severn
contest of 1655. They both died about 1673. In 1674, Thomas
Browne, Jr., heir-at-law sold his father's plantation to his father-in-
law, William Hopkins.

166 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Thomas Browne married Katherine Harris, aunt to Katherine
Howard, wife of Samuel. Their issue were, Thomas, John, Valen-
tine and Joshua.

In 1692, Thomas Browne was appointed a "Patuxent Range"
from Mr. Snowden's plantation to the limits of the Patuxent.
He thus saw the many beautiful tracts along that river and surveyed
about thirty. His " Brown's Chance" and Captain Dorsey's " Friend-
ship" at Clarksville, "Brown's Forest" at Columbia, "Brown's
Adventure," 1,000 acres and "Ranter's Ridge," near Woodstock are
magniticent bodies of land. When Doughoregan Manor was sur-
veyed iii .1701, Thomas Browne's plantation, adjoining it was the
only habitation. In 1713, he mortgaged all these tracts to Amos
Garrett, the Annapolis merchant and banker, and died in 1715, before
redemption, leaving his equity to his sons.

His homes-eatl, upon which stood "the large house of Thomas
Browne," was on i:<ie Severn, It was known as "Clink" and
descended to John Browne, his executor. "Brown's Forest" went to
Valentine; "Ranter's Pvidge" to Joshua. Both succeeded in redeem-
ing them.

John Brown recovered a iai,3;e part of the Severn estate and in
1728, surveyed " Brown's Pm chase," near Guilford.

"Clink," after the death of his wife, Rebecca (Yieldhall)
Brown, descended to son John, who also inherited "Providence"
adjoining "Norwood's Fancy," running with the late Richard
Warfield's to Round Bay. A large amount of stock, six negroes, .a
man's saddle with green seat and housing, guns, pistols, sword,
furniture, a nine-hogshead flat, a twelve-hogshead flat and a yawl
were also given to son John.

"To my daughter Katherine, I give 'Grimes' Hill,' now a part of
'Providence,' adjoining Edward Hall. Household goods, a trooper's
saddle, four negroes were given also. To my daughter, Margaret, I
give 200 acres of 'Brown's Purchase,' lying on the south side of
Ridgely's branch, four negroes, stock of all kinds, a woman's saddle.
To my daughter, Ruth Brown, 200 acres of 'Brown's Purchase,'
stock, furniture, negroes and saddle. To daughter Ann Brown, 200
acres of 'Brown's Purchase,' negroes, stock, furniture and saddle.

Signed John Brown."

His signature dropped the final e, though his father always
added it. His witnesses were Absolute Warfield, John Hall, Benja-
min Yieldhall. His wife was Rebecca Yieldhall.

Margaret Brown (of John) married her cousin, a son of Valentine
Brown and in her will of 1774, named her son Amos Brown to whom
she gave "My part of 'Brown's Purchase,' north side of Ridgely's
Branch. To son Valentine, over and above what I shall hereafter
give him, six negroes and money."

Elizabeth Brown, widow of Valentine, refers in her will to " her
grandson, Amos Brown."

r

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Coui^TiEs. 167

"Brown's Purchase" adjoins the old homestead of Nicholas
Greenberry Ridgely, between Savage and Guilford. Sarah Ridgely
(of Nicholas Greenberry) married Nicholas Griffith, whose daughter
Sarah married Amos Brown, father of Colonel Ridgely Brown,.
Confederate State's Army.

" John Brown (of John) " held the homestead of the Severn and
in his will of 1773, recorded: "To my son John, I give the homestead
and 'Brown's Purchase.' To Basil I give 'Providence.' To Benja-
min and Philemon, the remaining part of ' Providence' and * Salmon's
Hills' — wife Elizabeth Brown, executrix." She was Elizabeth
Yieldhall, granddaughter of Elizabeth (Sisson) Brown.

In 1774, she became the wife of Vachel Worthington, reserving
by marriage contract, her own property for William Yieldhall.

Vachel Worthington became the guardian of John Brown's
sons with Captain Philemon Warfield (of Alexander) their surety.

Valentine Brown (of Thomas) heir of "Brown's Forest,"
evidently received his name from Valentine Browne, one of the audi-
tors of Her Majesty's Exchequer, previously a Commissioner in Ireland
and Scotland for Edward VI and Mary I. His arms were granted
him in 1561. The funeral entry of Sir Thomas Browne, Knight of
Hospitall, records him the third son of Sir Valentine Browne, Knight
of Crofts, by Thomascine, his second wife, sister of Sir Nicholas
Bacon, Lord Keeper of England.

Valentine Brown (of Thomas) took possession of his estate upon
"Brown's Forest," near Columbia. He left no will, but his name-
sake and relative, Valentine Brown of 1713, left his estate in the
Province to a merchant and goldsmith, of Dublin.

EHzabeth Brown, widow of Valentine (of Thomas) named her
sons Valentine and John. Her daughters were Sarah, Sidney and
Elizabeth Pierpoint. She named her grandson Amos Brown and
made her daughter Sidney her executrix.

Sidney Brown was a witness to the will of Mrs. Ely Dorsey, her
neighbor. Her will of 1783, named her nephew, Valentine, son of
Thomas, nephew William, son of brother John and niece Sidney
Brown.

"Brown's Forest" descended to John (of Valentine) who left it
J to his wife in 1805. It adjoined Rezin Hammond on [the Patuxent
^ in Howard County. It descended to Valentine and Joshua and still
sj later, was sold to Nicholas Worthington (of John). William, E isha
«v and Charles Brown received lands near Fulton, where they still have

tmany descendants.
Joshua Brown (of Thomas) located upon the lower part of
"Ranter's Ridge." The upper part was bought by John Dorsey, of
^ Edward, and given to his son Nathan.

^ Here later lived Governor George Howard.^? Joshua Brown

' _jnarried a daughter of Christopher Randall and from lands of his
estate surveyed "Brown's Addition." In 1757, he and Roger
Randall sold "Good Fellowship" to Benjamin Browne.

,N

168 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

In his will of 1774, Joshua Brown left "Ranter's Ridge" to his
son John Browne. "To Joshua Browne, Jr., was given 'Whole
Gammon' and 'Half Pone.' His daughter Hannah, became Mrs.
Hipsley. She inherited her brother Joshua's estate, including
'Brown's Loss' and 'Dorsey's Gain.'"

ABELL BROWNE.

This name is not on the list of our early settlers, yet he came
from Dumfries, Scotland. He was Sheriff of Anne Arundel during
the exciting revolutions preceding the transfer of the Province to
King William.

Finding it impossible to make collections of the levies for county
expenses and not wishing to resort to harsh measures, he used his
own means to meet necessary expenses. The Archives contain his
petition for an extension of official tenure in order that he might
recover his outlays.

The Commissioners made an arrangement with his successor for
the relief of the petitioner.

Abell Browne -in 1692, was one of the Associate Justices of
Anne Arimdel. He married first, a daughter of Samuel Phillips, of
Calvert County, a sister of Mary, wife of Michael Taney, who with
Abell Browne, was an executor of their brother-in-law, Ambrose
Landerson, of Calvert.

Samuel Browne, son of Abell, appeared later in a petition con-
cerning his father's claim to " Harwood," a tract upon Rhode River.
In that petition, Robert Browne appears as another son of Abell
Browne. He was issue, of the second wife, the heir of " Harwood,"
which by Abell Browne's will of 1702, was left to son Robert as also
"Abell's Lot" on Bush River.

The testator further added : " Should Robert die without heirs,
the above property is to go to "my nephews, Samuel and James
Browne, sons of my brother James, of Bermuda." This nephew
Samuel is claimed by the Browne family to be the Naval officer of
1692, commander of the Phenix from South River to London. There
is no other record of Samuel Browne, first son of Abell, by his Phillips
wife, but as Samuel Phillips was a commander of a vessel and left
his property to his nephew Samuel Browne, the inference seems to
point to the latter as the commander. One of these was on Bush
River.

Accepting, however, the family record, Mr. Samuel Browne
seems to have located in Baltimore County, on Bush River as early
as 1689, where with Major Edward Dorsey he signed a petition to
King William, in favor of restoring the Province to Lord Baltimore.
From his son Samuel likely descended Benjamin Browne, of "Good
Fellowship," near Woodstock, the family homestead still.

The earliest will in Baltimore County is that of Samuel Browne,
of 1713. He named his sons Samuel, James and Absolom.

The above testator was evidently related closely to James
Brown, the nephew of Abel, and was no doubt the other nephew.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 169

Robert Browne, of Abell, sold " Harwood," and bought of Mr.
Chapman, a tract on the Patuxent, taken up by Mr. Wright, and
named "Wrighton." By his wife, Mary, daughter of Thomas Tin-
dale, who granted her "Dinah's Beaver Dam," on Herring Creek,
he had the following heirs named in his will of 1728: Abell, John,
Robert, Joseph and Benjamin. This last son had a daughter, Eliza-
beth Browne, who married Jacob Carr. They joined, in 1772, in
deeding their interest in "Wrighton" to John Browne, of Robert,
who bought out the remaining heirs.

Abell Browne, the eldest son of Robert, settled in the neigh-
borhood of Sykesville. He upset, by a case in chancery, the sale
of "Harwood" by his father, and sold his interest in the same, in
1786, to Vachel Dorsey, of Vachel. His wife, Susannah Browne,
joined him. Samuel Browne, of Abell, by Elizabeth, his first wife,
was one of the "Minute Men" of Governor Thomas Johnson. Five
of his relatives were killed in the Revolution.

The issue of Abell and Susannah Browne were Elias, Moses,
Ruth, wife of Thomas Cockey, and Rebecca, wife of George Frazer
Warfield. Elias Brown — Ann Cockey, and had Thomas Cockey
Browne, Stephen Cockey Browne, who was a lieutenant on the
Canadian frontier in the War of 1812, and died from consumption
by exposure; Elias Brown, Jr., the congressman, and William
Browne were the four sons.

Elias Browne, Sr., died a young man, in 1800. His brother,
Moses Browne — Mary Snowden. Issue, Frank — Lucinda Edmonds-
ton, and had Moses, of Missouri.

Susanna, of Moses, was the wife of Elias Browne, the Congress-
man; Ellen Browne was the wife of Edward Dorsey, brother of
Chief Justice Thomas Beale Dorsey. Their daughter. Comfort, mar-
ried Gilchrist Porter, member of Congress from Missouri; and their
daughter, Mary — James A. Broadhead, United States Senator and
Minister to Switzerland. Ann Browne, of Moses, married Colonel
Steele, of Kentucky. Their daughter, Florence, is now the widow
of Senator Vance, of North Carolina. Mary Ann Browne, of Moses,
— Westley Bennett, whose daughter, Susan Ann — Stephen Thomas,
Cockey Browne, father of Ex-Governor Frank Browne. Rebecca
Browne, of Moses, — Dr. Benjamin Edmondston, brother of Frank
Browne's wife. Theresa Browne, of Moses, — Larkin Lawrence. All
of these, viz.: Edward Dorsey, Frank Browne, Colonel Steele, Dr.
Edmondston, and a number of other relatives, went west in 1831.

They formed a great caravan of wagons, with their children,
negroes and cattle. Some went to Kentucky, some to Illinois, and
others to Missouri, then the far West.

Thomas Cockey Browne, of Elias and Ann Cockey, — Susan
Snowden, sister of Mrs. Moses Browne. Their issue were Lewis H.
Browne, Stephen T. C. Browne and Prudence Patterson.

William Browne was the father of Mr. Benjamin Browne, of
Washington, to whom I am indebted for information.

170 FouNDEES OF Anne Arundel and Howaed Counties.

Mr. Chas. T. Cockey, of Pikesville, descends from Ruth Browne,
of Abell, wife of Thomas Cockey.

Rebecca Browne, of Abell, became the wife of George Frazer
Warfield, son of Azel and Susannah (Magruder) Warfield, half-
brother of Dr. Chas. Alexander Warfield. His Frazer name came
from the Scottish Clan of Frazer, descendants of McGregor.

Lord Lovat was chief of that clan when George Frazer Warfield
was named. The latter became a merchant of Baltimore, and
built "Groveland" at Sykesville. Their issue were Dr. George
Warfield, Lewis, William, Henry, Rebecca, Susanna, Ann EHzabeth.

Rebecca — Richard Holmes, a Virginia gentleman of large wealth,
who removed to Maryland, and settled near Norbeck. Their son,
George Holmes, bequeathed $5,000 to Hannah Moore Academ3\
Ella Holmes — Jno. R. D. Thomas, of the Baltimore Bar.

Susanna Warfield was an authoress and accomplished musician.
She composed the ode used in the inauguration of President Wil-
liam Henry Harrison. Her homestead, "Groveland", descended to
her brother, Lieutenant William Henry Warfield, a graduate of
West Point, a devout Christian, who devised it, after the death of
his sister, to the Episcopal Church, It is now known as Warfield
College.

Ann Elizabeth Warfield bcame Mrs. John Wade, residing for
many years at the St. James Hotel; dying without issue in her
eighty sixth year.

Dr. George Warfield removed south for liis health. He married
Sarah Brooke Bentley, daughter of Caleb. Their son, the late Lewis
M. Warfield, of Savannah, married Phebe D. Wayne, grandniece
of Judge James Wayne ,of the Supreme Court of United States, and
daughter of Thomas Smyth Wayne. Issue, Louis M. Warfield, Jr.,
graduate of Johns Hopkins University, and Edith Wayne Warfield,
of Savannah.

Other descendants of Samuel Brown, the naval officer, will be
found in the history of Howard County.

/ COL, NICHOLAS GASSAWAY.

Nicholas Gassaway came to South River in 1650. He came
with Richard Owens and his wife, Mary, who settled in the same
neighborhood. Nicholas Gassaway assigned the lands due him unto
Thomas Bradley, stating therein that he came in 1650.

In 1663, a tract of land called "Poplar Ridge," on the north
side of South River, was laid out for him. It adjoined Captain
Thomas Besson, whose daughter, Hester, as shown in Captain Bes-
son's will, became the wife of Nicholas Gassaway. John Besson,
her brother, had "lands adjoining son Nicholas Gassaway." In
1677, Mr. Gassaway took up "Charles His Purchase," on the Gun-
powder, and "Gassaway's Ridge" in 1679; "Gassaway's Addition"
in 1688. In 1678, he was Captain of the Provincial Mihtia; in 1681,
was Major. The archives give his letter concerning the insolency of
the Indians. In 1684, with others, he was a commissioner to establish

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 171

ports of entry; was Justice in 1684. In 1687, he joined Major
Edward Dorsey and Captain Edward Burgess in a letter refuting the
pretended invasion of the Indians. In 1691, he was assistant Com-
mander of the Rangers, and, at the same time, one of " The Quorum."
He was also a lieutenant under Colonel John Coode.

Colonel Gassaway came into possession of " Edward's Neck,"
taken up by John Edwards. In transferring that tract to Mr.
Anthony Ruley, he recorded, "That it came to him by inheritance."

His will of 1691 reads: "First. I give to son Nicholas, my
dwelling and lands in "Love's Neck," and seven negroes; to son
John, three hundred acres in the Gunpowder, and after his sister
Hester Groce's (Grosse) decease, the land she lives on and fifty
pounds and furniture. To son Thomas, lands upon South River
and nine negroes. To sons Nicholas and Thomas, seven hundred
and eighty acres on Gunpowder, in two tracts, to be divided equally
between them. To my daughter, Hester Groce, ten pounds
sterling. I give to my daughter, Ann Watkins, two negroes; to my
daughter, Jane Gassaway, £200 sterling; to my daughter, Margaret
Gassaway, £200 sterling, and a negro each. (This daughter married
Thomas Larkin, of John.) I give to my grandchildren, John Wat-
kins and Elizabeth Groce, the sum of ten pounds sterling, per year,
to be paid out of 'fund left me by my uncle, John Collingwood, of
London, merchant, and in possession of my cousin, Samuel Beaver.'
My son, Thomas, to be under the tuition of his brother and sister,
John and Ann Watkins, until he come of age. My sons, Nicholas
Gassaway, John Watkins and his wife, and my son, Thomas
Gassaway, to be executors."

This will was proved at a Court held at Captain Nicholas
Gassaway 's, on the 27th of January, 169 L This act shows his
importance in the province.

Captain Nicholas Gassaway, Jr., was a merchant of South River.
He sold, in 1698, lot No. 28 in Londontown, to Thomas Ball, of Devon,
England, merchant. His wife, Anne Gassaway, survived him, and
became Mrs. Samuel Chambers, who continued the business at
Londontown. At "Gresham," on South River neck, the home of Cap-
tain Nicholas Gassaway, was placed a stone which reads: "Here
lyeth interred, the body of Nicholas Gassaway, son of Colonel Nich-
olas Gassaway, who departed this life the 10th day of March, anno
dom., 1699, and in the 81st year of his age."

"Gresham" later became the property of Commodore Maj^o,
and is now owned by Mrs. Thomas Gaither, of Baltimore. The
stone, with her permission, has been removed by Mr. Louis Dorsey
Gassaway, to the grounds of St. Anne's Church, Annapolis.

John Gassaway, next son of Colonel Nicholas, in 1698, married
Elizabeth Lawrence, daughter of Benjamin and Elizabeth Lawrence,
the Quakers. Their son and executor was Nicholas Gassaway. Cap-
tain John Gassaway was buried in All Hallows, 1697.

172 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties,

His widow, Elizabeth Gassaway, married John Rigby, and was
buried in the Quaker burial ground, one mile west of Galesville, on
West River, in 1700. Nicholas Gassaway, the son, will be noticed
in Howard.

Captain Thomas Gassaway, youngest son of Colonel Nicholas,
married Susannah Hanslap, daughter of Major Henry Hanslap. His
will, of 1739, names his heirs: "I give to my wife, Susannah, my
plantation for life; after her decease, to son Henry: to son John,
all remaining lands adjacent to him: to Thomas, 500 acres where
he now lives in Baltimore County: to Nicholas, 280 acres on the
Gunpowder: to daughter Elizabeth Howard^ 250 acres in Balti-
more County called "James' Forrest': to my grandson, John Beale
Howard, one lot in Annapolis: to Gassaway Watkins, 100 acres on
which he now lives. Wife and son, John, executors."

John Gassaway, executor of the estate, married Sarah Cotter.
Their heirs were named in his will, and, also, in the records of " All
Hallows."

From notes in possession of the Boyle family, the following
references to Captain John Gassaway are given:

"Annapolis, June 17th, 1763. — Last Thursday, died at his
plantation near South River, after a long and tedious indisposition,
in the 55th year of his age. Captain John Gassaway, a gentleman
who was for a number of years in the Commission of the Peace;
three years sheriff and eight years one of the representatives for
this county; in all which public trusts he gained applause. He was
exemplary in his several relations of husband, parent, master, friend
and neighbor, and has left behind him the character of an honest
and upright man."

His daughter, Ann, married Gassaway Rawlings. Their daugh-
ter, Ann, — Samuel Maccubbin, in 1788. Eliza Gassaway Rawlings
became Mrs. Sanders and Mrs. Richard Alexander Contee. Eliza
Gassaway Contee — Dennis Magruder.

By Captain John Gassaway's will, of 1762, the home planta-
tion was to be held by wife Sarah, and then by Nicholas, heir-at-
law. Nicholas heired, also, the plantation of his uncle, William
Cotter, on Rhode River, and two other tracts purchased of Thomas
Rutland and James Cadles. To him, also, " I give my silver spurs.
To my daughter, Ann Chapman, a lot of negroes. To son, Thomas
a lot of negroes and my silver hilted sword. To my granddaughter,
Sarah Johns, negroes and my stone studs set in gold, also a lot of
stock. To my beloved wife, my silver watch." He directs his
executors to sell several tracts of land, and appoints his wife and
Thomas executrix and executor.

Nicholas Gassaway, heir-at-law, made no objection. Mrs. Sarah
Gassaway renounced the administration and asked for her third
part of the estate.

The will of Captain Thomas Gassaway, the executor of Captain
John, shows a liberal guardian of the poor. "To my wife, Mary,
my dwelling plantation during life. To brother Nicholas, my gold

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 173

seal and silver-hilted sword, and all my lands purchased of Charles
Stewart. To my cousin, Thomas, son of Henry; to cousin Henry,
son of uncle Nicholas; to cousins Susannah and Elizabeth Howard;
to my uncle, Henry, all the money he is owing me; to Rebecca
Welsh, widow; to John Jacobs, my teacher; Elizabeth Purdy, a
widow; Sarah Burgess, widow; Ann Stewart, widow, all twenty
pounds," with as many more legacies to the needy. His personal
estate was left to his nephews and nieces. His wife, Mary, execu-
trix, in 1773. Through his deed, of 1768, the grounds of the Parish
Church of "All Hallows," were granted to Rev. David Love, rector;
Henry Hall, Richard Williams, Jr., Wm. I jams, Richard Watkins,
Lewis Lee, Richard Beard, Jr., vestrymen, and Hummer I jams and
Richard Burgess, church wardens.

Nicholas Gassaway, of Captain John of South River, in 1791,
named his son, John, to whom he gave all his real estate, provided
he did not marry before twenty-one years old. His daughters were
likewise required to remain single until twenty-one years. To John,
"I give my clock, watch, gold seal, my silver spurs, one silver
strainer and one silver tankard." To his daughters, Mary and Sarah
Cotter Gassaway, he also left silver memorials, and all bonds, notes
and open accounts, equally. " Doctor Robert Pottenger, my
relative, to be my executor."

Dr. John Gassaway, son of the above testator, in 1800, made
the following will, which was probated, 1812: "Intending shortly
to go to Europe, I desire to record my will. I wish to be buried
in my graveyard on my place called 'Cotter's Desire to Wm. Gass-
away,' in Prince George County. I wish a sermon by some respect-
able devine of the Protestant religion. I give all my personal and
real estate, except what I give to my daughter Caroline, (daughter
of Eliza Newman:) First, one-half of my real and personal estate
to my sister Mary Gassaway, during life; the other half, with above
exception, to my sister Sarah Cotter, while during life. I give to
my daughter Caroline, the sum of fifteen pounds per annum, until
fifteen, and ten pounds until twenty. Whenever she marries, I give
her thirty pounds, to be paid by my two sisters, or their h^eirs.

Henry Gassaway, oldest son of Major Thomas and Susannah
(Hanslap) Gassaway, was the founder of the Annapolis branch.

He took up " Wrighton," and sold it to Horatio Sharpe; he
sold his interest in the homestead to his brother, John, Horatio
Sharpe and Joseph Dick, and removed to Annapolis.

His first wife was Rebecca Chapman Gassaway. Their son,
Thomas, born 1747, was the legatee of his cousin Thomas. Thomas
Gassaway, of Henry, was Deputy Sheriff and Register of Wills at
Annapolis prior to 1790, when his widow, Elizabeth Brice Gassaway,
made a deposition concerning the Rutland estate. He was
succeeded by his half-brother. General John Gassaway, an officer
in charge at Annapoils during the War of 1812.

Louis C. Gassaway, of Thomas, was an attorney, and trustee in
numerous transfers and estates. In 1811, John, Henry and Louis C.

174 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Gassaway were voters in Annapolis, when electors for Senators were
chosen. In 1818, John and Louis Gassaway voted for Representa-
tives in Congress, and for two delegates to the General Assembly.

The marriage register at Annapolis shows the following records:
" 1787, Henry Gassaway and Margaret Selman; 1788, John Gass-
away and Mary Quynn; 1791, John Gassaway and Ehzabeth Price;
1807, Henry Gassaway and Levinia Killman."

General John Gassaway left an only daughter, Louisa, who
left her house and lot in Annapolis to "her dear friend. Miss Whit-
tington." Louis C. Gassaway — Rebecca Hendry. Issue, Louis
Gardner, Charles, John, Augustus, Thomas R., Sophia and Amelia
Gassaway, Rebecca, Hester, Wm. Hendry and Mary Ehzabeth.

Louis Gardner Gassaway — Ellen Brewer. Issue, Rebecca —
Wm. Bryan; Hester — Nicholas B. Worthington. Issue, Ann —
I. H. Hopkins; Mary Eliza and William Hendry — Emily Clayton,
Augustus Gassaway — Emily Whittington. Issue, Renna — Mr.Caulk.

Louis Gardner Gassaway, Jr., only child — Marion B. Dorsey,
daughter of Michael, of Howard County. They had only two
children, Louis Dorsey Gassaway and Ellen Brewer, wife of Lieu-
tenant Ronald Earle Fisher, United States Cavalry, who has only
recently returned from the PhiUppines.

Louis Dorsey Gassaway is assistant cashier of the Farmers
National Bank, of Annapolis, and recorder of the ancient South
River Club. He married Miss Mary Brooke Iglehart, daughter of
Wm. T. Iglehart, of Annapoils, whose mother was a descendant of
the first Thomas Harwood, of South River. Through her, Mrs.
Gassaway is connected with descendants of Rev. Henry Hall, the
first rector of St. James Parish (1698) : descended, also, from Colonel
Ninian Beale, of Calvert County (1676) : from Colonel Joseph Belt,
of Prince George. Her mother was Katherine Spottswood Berkeley,
of Virginia.

The head of the Berkeley family in England, is the Earl of
Berkeley, of Berkeley Castle, Gloucestershire. One of the Maryland
family was entertained there, and taken into the dungeon where
Edward, the Second, was murdered, and where his bed still stands.

Mrs. Iglehart and Mrs. Gassaway are thus descended from
Governor Spottswood, of 1710; from King Carter; from the first
Nelson, father of the governor; from Robert Brooke, of the
Virginia branch of Brookes.

^ WILLIAM RICHARDSON, OF WEST RIVER,

ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY,

A friend of Wilham Penn, he came to Virginia in the "Paul,"
of London, in 1634. He removed to Maryland in 1666, and became
a member of the Lower House of the Assembly from 1676 to 1683.
He was frequently the bearer of messages to the Upper House with
instructions from Parliament.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 175

During his service, he was upon the Committee of Security
and Defense of the Province, and of the Committee upon Laws for
the Province. With Henry Ridgely, Edward Darcy, Nicholas Gass-
away and others, he was, in 1683, also, upon a committee to erect
a building for the Courts and Assembly, and for keeping the records
of the Secretary's office in this Province.

On December 19th, 1682, William Penn met Lord Baltimore
at West River, and after an interview upon their divisional line,
Penn set out, the Lord Baltimore accompanying him several miles,
to the house of William Richardson, and from thence two miles
further to a religious meeting of his friends, the Quakers, at the
house of Thomas Hooper.

William Richardson married Elizabeth Talbot, widow of
Richard, and daughter of Matthias Scarborough. She brought to
him "Talbott's Ridge" adjoining "His Lordship's Manor," surveyed
in 1662.

Among the early land grants at Annapolis, lire those in the
name of George Richardson, for transporting himself in 1661; and
Lawrence Richardson, about the same time. The latter was upon the
Severn. His will, of 1666, named his daughter, Sarah Richardson,
and sons, John and Lawrence Richardson.

Sarah Richardson became the wife of Joshua Dorsey, of " Hock-
ley," who sold his interest to his brother, Hon. John, and removed
to the estate of his wife. This descended to their only son, John
Dorsey, by whom it was sold, his wife, Comfort Stimpson,' assent-
ing, to Amos Garrett.

John Richardson came from London and took up a series of
grants aggregating 13,000 acres.

Thomas Richardson took up some 5,000 acres. He is believed
to have been the proprietor of Thomas and Anthony Richardson,
of White Haven, in 1722-41.

Wills of six William Richardsons are on record at Annapolis,
running from 1698 to 1775. William Richardson held, in 1677, one
thousand acres in Anne Arundel. All of this family were men of
means and education, holding important positions in the province.

They had issue, William, born 1668; Daniel, 1670; Sophia
Elizabeth, died young, and Joseph, born 1678, married Sarah Thomas.
There were, also, two twin daughters, Sophia and Elizabeth, born
1680. William Richardson, Sr., died 1697, and his will is probated
at Annapolis.

William Richardson, Jr., married Margaret Smith. Daniel
Richardson married Elizabeth Welsh, daughter of Major John
Welsh by his second wife, Mary, step-daughter of Nicholas Wyatt.
They had issue, John, Lauranah, Daniel — all dying young. The
remaining heirs were, William, Elizabeth — Wm. Harrison, and
Sophia — Charles Dickinson, of Talbott County, 1725. Daniel Rich-
ardson married, second, Ruth (Ball) Leeds, widow of John Leeds,
of Talbot County. Issue, Daniel and Benjamin.

176 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

William Richardson, of Daniel and Elizabeth Welsh, resided in
Talbot County, and married Ann Webb, daughter of Peter Webb,
of Anne Arundel County. Issue, Peter and Wilham, who was
Colonel of the Flying Camp, in the Revolution. He married Eliza-
beth Green: was Treasurer of the Eastern Shore, and lived to be
ninety-two years old, with many great-grandchildren.

William Richardson, of William and Elizabeth Talbot, had by
Margaret Smith, five sons — Joseph, Daniel, Richard, Nathan and
Thomas; and two daughters — Sarah Hill and Sopha Galloway.

Sarah Hill was the mother of Henry Hill and Margaret Hill,
both mentioned in the will of William Richardson. Sarah Richard-
son, wife of Henry Hill, was grandmother of Priscilla Dorsey, of
Belmont, and of Mary Gillis. In connection with these, the will
of Sarah Hill, mother-in-law of Joseph Hill, named her daughter,
"Elizabeth, now wife of Thomas Sprigg, two kinswomen. Sarah Hop-
kins and Elizabeth Bankston, daughters of my cousin, Cassandra
Giles. My sister, Margaret Richardson, my wearing apparel. To
my five cousins (nephews and niece), sons of my sister, Margaret
Richardson, Sarah Hill, Joseph Richardson, Daniel Richardson,
Richard Richardson and Nathan Richardson, all of my plate. Sarah
Hill to have my silver skillet and porringer that cover it as her part.
To my cousin (niece), Sophia Galloway, daughter of my aforesaid
sister Margaret, another memorial. To Richard Sprigg, son of
Thomas Sprigg, my spice box. To Henry Hill, son of Dr. Richard
Hill, a colored man. Son-in-law, Joseph Hill, executor."

Witnesses, Mary Gillis, John Gilhs, John Davidge.

The will of Joseph Hill, in 1761, named his daughter, Mary
Wilkinson, a spinster, to whom he gave " Folly Point." "To grand-
daughter, Henny Margaret Hill, ' Horn Neck,' ' Piney Point,' ' Yeate's
Come by Chance,' 'Yeate Addition' and 'Hill's Forest,' in Balti-
more County. If without heirs, to go to cousin (nephew), Henry
Hill. To my sister, Mary Gillis, Priscilla Dorsey and sister Milcah,
cousin, Joseph Richardson, all personal property. To cousin Nathan
Richardson, two hundred acres of ' Hill's Forest,' in Baltimore
County. To cousin, Joseph Richardson, three hundred acres of
"Hill's Forest.' To brother Richard Hill,, personal estate. To
Elizabeth Hill, land in Anne Arundel County. To brother-in-law^
Joseph Richardson, £10 for the Quakers. To Sophia Galloway,
personal estate. To John Ruley, 'Edward's Neck' and 'Ruley's
Search.' Thomas Sprigg and Robert Pleasant, personal estate and
executors of my will."

Daniel and Joseph Richardson, brothers of William, Jr., also
remained in Anne Arundel County, and owned parts of "Hickory
Hill," about 1707.

Joseph Richardson, Jr., bought "Moneys True Dealing," of
John Edmondson, in Dorchester.

He married Dorothy Eccleston, daughter of General John
Eccleston, of Dorchester County.

Founders of Anne Akundel and Howard Counties. 177

In 1789, Joseph Richardson married EHzabeth Noel, of Dor-
chester. He was Justice of the County Court, in 1775, and one of
the commissioners to settle disputed boundaries of Dorchester, by
Frederick Calvert.

The arms of the Richardsons are those of the Richardsons of
"Rich Hill." Crest a dexter arm, erect, coupled below the elbow,
holding a dagger in the hand. Motto: "Pro Deo et Rege."

JOHN MACCUBIN;

John Maccubin, of the Lowlands of Scotland, known in the
Highlands as McAlpines, claiming descent from Kennith II, who,
having imited the Scots and Picts into one government, became
the first King of Scotland, came to the Severn with the Howards,
and married Susan, daughter of Samuel Howard. He took up
"Timber Rock," and left by his first wife, John, Samuel and Eliza-
beth Maccubin, all named by Samuel Howard in 1703.

John Maccubin married again, Elinor, and died in 1686, leaving
a will in which he named his wife, Elinor, executrix, and sons, Samuel,
Wilham, Zachariah and Moses inheritors of his tract, ''Wardrope."
His son, John, to inherit the homestead, " Bramton," after the death
or marriage of his widow. She became the second wife of John
Howard, without issue.

Zachariah Maccubin, her son, married Susannah Nicholson,
daughter of Nicholas and Hester Larkin. The former was the son
of Sir John Nicholson, of Scotland, and the latter, (said to be the
first child born in Anne Arundel), was the' daughter of John
Larkin, from whose family, also, came the wives of Colonel
Edward Dorsey, Judge Samuel Chase and Judge Townley Chase.

The issue of Zachariah and Susannah Maccubin were Nicholas
and James Maccubin (with others). Nicholas — Mary Clare Carroll,
only daughter of Dr. Charles Carroll and Dorothy Blake. The former
was the immigrant son of Charles Carroll and Clare Dun, of the old
Irish houses of Ely O'Carroll and Lord Clare. The latter was the
daughter of Henry Blake and Henrietta Marie Lloyd, daughter of
Colonel Philemon and Henrietta Marie Lloyd. An interesting view
of these two famiUes may be found in a chancery case of Carroll
vs. Blake.

Mary Clare (Carroll) Maccubin, was the sole heiress of her
father's and brother's immense estate, which included " The Plains,"
west of Annapolis; nearly all of the southeastern portion of An-
napolis; "Mt. Clare" and "The Caves," near Baltimore. To her
sons, who assumed the name of Carroll, it was willed by Charles
Carroll, the Barrister, her brother. Her son, Nicholas Carroll,
married Ann Jenings, daughter of Thomas Jenings, Attorney-
General of Maryland.

Nicholas and Ann Jenings Carroll held their homestead upon
the site of the present public school, in Annapolis. Their son, John
Henry Carroll, inherited "The Caves." He married Matilda

178 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Hollinsworth, of Horatio and Emily Ridgely, daughter of Judge
Henry and Matilda (Chase) Ridgely. Their son is General John
Carroll, of "The Caves."

James Carroll, son of Nicholas Maccubin and Mary Clare
Carroll, has been elsewhere recorded in the families of Henry
Dorsey Gough and General Charles Ridgely, of Hampton.

Mrs. Elinor Maccubin, widow of John, was, as I believe, of the
family of Dr. Charles Carroll, and James Carroll, of "All Hallows"
Parish; both of whom were witnesses to her will, in 1711. Her
daughter, Sarah Maccubin, became the wife of William Griffith,
and the mother of Orlando and Captain Charles Griffith, of
Anne Arundel.

Charles Carroll, barrister, son of Dr. Charles and Dorothy
(Blake) Carroll, was born 1723. He was educated at Eton and
Cambridge and studying law in Middle Temple, returned to
Annapolis in 1746. He was an elegant, able, fluent speaker, and a
terse writer. Many State papers were the porduct of his pen. He
wrote the "Declaration of Rights"; was on the Committee of Cor-
respondence; president of the Maryland Convention; in the Council
of Safety; member of the Convention which asked Governor Eden
to vacate; he helped to form the government; he was elected to
Congress, but declined the office of Chief Judge of the General Court
of Maryland; a member of the Maryland Senate.

He married Margaret Tilghman, daughter of Matthew. They
left no children.

He died at Mt. Clare, near Baltimore. His tomb is in St.
Anne's grounds, at Annapolis.

His estate went to his sister's sons, the Maccubin boys, who
changed their name to Carroll at the command of the barrister, to
perpetuate his distinguished name.

HAMMOND.

John Hammond, author of " Leah and Rachel," was in
Maryland during the Severn Contest, in 1655. From him several
quotations have already been made.

The next immigrant in Anne Arundel County, was John Ham-
mond, of the Severn. His estate joined the Howards, and he was
a brother-in-law of them, having married Mary Howard, and not
Mary Dorsey, as the will of Samuel Howard shows.

In 1689 he was a member of the Provincial Court of Anne Arun-
del, and one of "The Quorum." In 1692, he was elected a delegate
to the Lower House, with Colonel Henry Ridgely and Hon. John
Dorsey. Still later he was appointed by the royal administration,
with whom he was in favor. Judge of the High Court of Admiralty.

A concise history of his career is recorded in the annals of St.
Anne's Church, as an obituary notice. He was one of the vestry
at the time of his death, and was an ardent member of the Church
of England. He gave, in 1695, a deed for a church site upon "Severn

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 179

Heights" to his friends, members of Westminster Parish. The
only consideration was, "the love he bore his neighbors." He
acquired a large estate in both the City of Annapohs, and upon the
Severn. He was a witness and executor of his brother-in-law, Cap-
tain Cornelius Howard, and was considered a lea'Hing man in the
county.

It has frequently been written that his English progenitors were
men of eminence in both medicine and politics.

St. Anne's records upon his death, in 1707, read: "Hon. John
Hammond, Esq., Major-General of the Western Shore of Mary-
land, one of her majesty's most honorable Council and Judge of
the High Court of Admiralty in the Province of Maryland, was
buried the 29th of November, 1707."

In St. Anne's grounds his tombstone now rests. Long after
all vestiges of his old homestead upon the Severn had disappeared,
this memorial was found and removed to the church grounds of his
devotion. St. Anne's Church has, also, a well-preserved Bible, pur-
chased by the vestry from a legacy of £10 left by him to the church.

General Hammond's will reads: "I leave my home plantation
to my wife, Mary. My eldest son, Thomas, my plantation called
'Mt. Airy Neck.' To son, John, the plantation where he lives, a
part of 'Swan Neck'; to son, William, the other part. Son Charles
Flushing, * Deer Creek Point,' ' Rich Neck' and ' Harnmond's Forest."
To my first three sons, my houses and lots in Annapolis. My four
sons to be my executors."

General Hammond was one of the commissioners, in 1694, to
lay out lots and organize the town of Annapolis. All of these
commissioners saw the coming capital; each took up several lots in
the town.

Thomas Hammond was a neighbor of his uncle. Captain,
Cornelius Howard. He married Mary Heath, daughter of Thomas,
whose will distinctly shows that her daughter, Mary Hammond, was
the wife of Cornelius Howard, Jr., Helen, her other daughter, be-
came the wife of the second John Worthington, the rich merchant.
She bore him a long and distinguished line of sons and daughters.

John Hammond, Jr., was the executor of his uncle, Samuel
Howard, under the title of "cousin" — clearly shown to mean
"nephew. "He married Ann Greenberry, youngest daughter of
Colonel Nicholas. She bore him two daughters, Comfort and
Rachel, and two sons, Thomas John and Nicholas.

Colonel William Hammond left his inheritance on "Swan's
Neck" and became the Baltimore merchant. His store was one
of Henry Dorsey Gough's row, near Light Street, on Baltimore.
He had a distillery at Elk Ridge and a forge mill at "Hockley,"
near the Relay. He was a member of the vestry of St. Paul's
Church, Baltimore. His wife was Elizabeth Ravin. Their
daughter, Mary Hammond, married Colonel John Dorsey, another
Baltimore merchant, and member of St. Paul's vestry.

180 Founders of Anne Aeundel and Howard Counties.

Colonel William Hammond died at forty, and lies buried at
"Hammond's Ferry." Mordecai and William Hammond were sons.

Charles Hammond, next son of General John, took up his resi-
dence near Gambrill's Station. It was evidently the same site, if
not the present house, of Major Philip Hammond, now owned by
Mr. George A. Kirby.

Charles Hammond married his first cousin, Hannah Howard,
daughter of Philip and Ruth Baldwin. They left a long and wealthy
line, viz.: Colonel Charles, the treasurer; Philip, the big merchant;
Nathaniel, the planter; Rezin, bachelor; John, the big planter of
Elk Ridge; and two daughters, Hamutel and Ruth Hammond. His
will, of 1713, was witnessed by his neighbors, John, Richard, Alex-
ander and Ruth Warfield, all of the neighborhood of Millersville.

Colonel Charles Hammond was State Treasurer. Having
married Mrs. Rachel (Stimpson) Greenberry, widow of Colonel
Charles, they resided at "White HaU."

His will, of 1772, named his daughter Mrs. Ann Govane; his
granddaughter, Ann Marriott; grandsons, Thomas and James Home-
wood Marriott; William, Ann and Hamutel Bishop, children of his
granddaughter Rebecca Bishop; grandson, Charles Homewood. All
were legatees of "Meritor's Fancy," a tract that came through his
wife.

"Madam Rachel Hammond, the worthy consort of Colonel
Charles Hammond," records the Maryland Gazette, "died last
Saturday night, February 25th, 1769."

Colonel Charles Hammond's death was, also, recorded thus:
"On Sunday night, September 3rd, 1772, died Hon. Charles
Hammond, Esq., president of the Council and treasurer of the
Western Shore."

After the death of Mrs. Hammond, "White Hall" passed to
the vestry of St. Margaret's Church. By an act secured by Governor
Sharpe it was later sold to him. Among the Ridout papers are
letters between Governor Sharpe and Colonel Charles Hammond,
negotiating for a portion of his daughter's estate adjoining.

Philip Hammond, of Charles and Hannah Howard, inherited
the Annapolis portion of his father's estate. He was a leading
import merchant, having his warerooms in "Newtown," a recent
addition to the Port of Annapolis. He was, also, prominent in
legislative and church affairs. His wife was Rachel Brice, daughter
of Captain John Brice, of Annapolis.

His will, of 1753, probated in 1760, names his heirs. "To son^
Charles, all the cargo of goods in store in this coimtry at Newtown.
He is to manage the estate, not only the goods now here, but such
as are to come. My brother, John, to be employed to assist him.
My daughter, Ann Hammond, is to be paid £1000. All the rest of
my estate to be divided among my six sons, Charles, John, Philip,
Denton, Rezin and Matthias."

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 181

The last four were bachelors, Charles was known as Colonel
Charles, of Curtis Creek. He does not appear to have succeeded
in settling up the estate. He resigned, and at the time of his death,
was recorded as "Colonel Charles Hammond, of Curtis Creek."

He married Rebecca Wright and left sons, Rezin, Charles, Philip,
John; and one daughter, Hannah. His estate extended from Curtis
Creek to Elk Ridge. He died in 1772..

•'■"John Hammond, of Philip, the merchant, married Henrietta
Dorsey, of Henry Hall Dorsey. His will, of 1784, named his son,
William, to whom he left "Champion Forest," extending from the
Severn to Elk Ridge, and "Hammond's Search," and "Support."

"To Doctor Pue, my attending physician, my tract at Henry
Dorsey 's mine bank, called 'Prospect.' " Named his three daugh-
ters, Henrietta, Sarah and Mary Hammond, to whom he left a long
list of tracts,which, in case of failure in heirs, were to go to Dr.
Thomas Wright Hammond. "To my daughter, Elizabeth Ann
Hammond, my South River Quarter composed of ' Abington' and
Hereford.' "

To his son, William, he left, also, all of his interest in the un-
collected claims of the late Philip Hammond. To his housekeeper.
Miss Anne Walker, for her kind attention and education of his
children, he gave several tracts and several negroes to wait on her.

To son, Thomas Hammond, a large list of tracts at the head
of the Severn. Finally, tired of naming them, he stopped with the
hope of being spared to finish his lengthy will of six or eight pages,
but he died before finishing it. His amanuensis, Mr. Thomas Pitts,
completed it from a schedule left for him by the testator. It pro-
vided for his daughter, Henrietta, a long list of tracts. To daughter,
Sarah Hammond, another long list, and to daughter, Mary, a still
longer one, including all of his lands in Annapolis.

The four bachelor sons of Philip and Rachel (Brice) Hammond,
handed their estates down successively to their remaining brothers.
By the side of their father and mother their tombs may yet be seen
at the early homestead, near Gambrill's Station, Annapolis & Elk
Ridge Railroad.

The father is recorded "a just and good man."

Denton Hammond died in 1782, leaving twenty-eight different
tracts of land, many negroes, and much stock to his brothers and to
the children of his late sister, Mrs. Anne Hopkins. Philip Hammond,
Jr., died in 1783, leaving twenty-seven tracts to his brothers and
nephews. Matthais and Colonel Rezin were the Revolutionary
patriots in conventions and the Council of Safety. The former
died in 1789, leaving his estate to his surviving brother. Colonel
Rezin Hammond, whose English brick house stood north of Millers-
ville.

Colonel Rezin, in 1809, left several tracts to William Hammond
Marriott, and his nephew, Philip Hammond Hopkins. " To Denton
Hammond, son of my nephew Philip, 2,348 acres of 'Hammond's
Inheritance,' 1,877 acres of 'Hammond's Enlargement,' a part of

182 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

'Brown's Addition' and 300 acres of 'Hammond's Ridge.' To
Matthias Hammond, son of my nephew Phihp, 636 acres of
'Finland/ 1,680 acres of 'Hammond's Inclosure,' 1,200 acres of
'Hammond's Plains,' 773 acres of ' Piney Plains' and parts of
'Hickory Ridge' and 'Marsh's Forest.' "

After setting free a number of his most faithful servants, with
land and houses for their use, Colonel Rezin gives all his remaining
hosts of negroes, stock, farming utensils, crops and money to these
two heirs; making them his executors.

The above "nephew Phillip" was the son of Colonel Charles,
of Curtis Creek, better known as Major Philip, inheritor of the old
Hammond homestead; parts of which are still as well-preserved as
when built by him. Five fields of a portion of that home still bear
their original names. One known as " Deer Park " fed the
celebrated herd of deer which adorned Major Hammond's Park.

Major Philip Hammond married Elizabeth Wright. His ten
thousand acres were divided into one thousand acre tracts among
his sons. His will, of 1822, granted to his wife, Elizabeth, " ' Ham-
mond's Connexion,' adjoining Rezin Hammond's lands; to descend
to son Thomas, and, if no issue, to George Washington. Son Philip,
to hold the 'Sixth Connexion'; Rezin to hold 'Warfield's Forest,'
'Owen's Range' and 'Hammond's Connexion'; John to hold 'Ham-
mond's Green Spring'; Henry 'Snow Hill'; Matilda 'Hammond's
Fifth Connexion'; Harriet, a mortgage of $10,000."

Dr. Thomas Hammond, of Major Phihp, was a member of the
legislature at the time of his death, in 1856. His wives were Mar-
garet Boone and Mary Ann Wesley, and his heirs were Phihp T. A.,
William Edger, Charles, Arthur, Silas Wright, Mary Ann and
Arabella.

Philip and Arthur married sisters of Mr. Geo. A. Kirby, present
owner of the Hammond Manor House.

The other sons of Major Philip were John — Harriet Dorsey;
Charles — Achash Evans; Henry, died single; Denton — Sarah
Baldwin; Philip — Julia Ann Hammond Rezin; — Ann Mewburn;
Matthias — Ehza Brown; Ehzabeth — Dr. Mewburn; Harriet —
Henry Pue; Matilda — Rev. Richard Brown; Mary Ann — John W.
Dorsey, father of the late Judge Reuben Dorsey, of Howard.

Denton Hammond, in 1805, married Sarah Hall Baldwin,
daughter of Lieutenant Henry Baldwin by his wife, Sarah Hall
Rawlings. Their daughters were Mrs. Richard Cromwell and
Camilla, wife of Dr. Thomas Snowden Herbert, and mother of
General James R. Herbert, C. S. A., ex-commander of the Fifth
Regiment of Maryland Militia, and ex-police Commissioner.

Matthias Hammond, in 1810, married Ehza Brown. Their
sons were Denton and Matthias, who inherited all, but were to pay
their sister, Caroline Brown Hammond, $5,000. Rezin Hammond,
brother of the testator, was executor. Philip Hammond, Sr., and
Philip Hammond, Jr., were witnesses.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 183

Matthias Hammond, of Matthias, in 1846, a resident of Anne
Arundel, left all of his lands, bank accounts, to his wife, Margaret
D. Hammond, son Henry and daughter Elizabeth.

NATHAN HAMMOND.

This son of Charles and Hannah Hammond started with
"Hammond's Forest," and became very rich in lands and negroes.

His wife was Captain John Welsh's daughter, Ann, who bore
him seven sons and six daughters. Philip, their son, married Bar-
bara Wright, and in 1799, named his heirs Nathan, Philip, Lloyd
Thomas, George, Walter Charles, Ariana Mackelfresh and Mary Ann
Hammond.

Dr. Lloyd Thomas Hammond held an estate near the Pine
Orchard, in Howard. His neighbor was Colonel Matthias Hammond,
with one thousand acres in one body. Dr. Lloyd T. Hammond, in
1806, was one of the building committee of the Old Brick Church.
He married a daughter of Thomas Beale Meriweather. Issue,
Reuben T. Hammond, Judge Edward Hammond and Mrs. Dr. Wm.
Magruder.

Rezin Hammond, of Nathan, left all of his lands on the Patapsco
to Rezin, his son, wife and daughter, both named Rebecca. Rezin
Hammond, Jr., named his sister, Rebecca Gist, and his brother
Matthias Hammond, to whom he left his estate in Delaware Bottom,
near Abel Browne. Matthias willed his to brother, Nathan.

Captain Thomas Hammond, of the Revolution, made the fol-
lowing will on the eve of his departure: "As I am ordered in a day
or two, to join General Washington's army, and if it should please
our Supreme Judge that I should not return, I make the following
will:

"To my son, Thomas Hughes Hammond, my dwelling and lots
on Howard's Hill, in Baltimore, whereon is a small wooden house.
If he die without issue, it is to go to my brother Andrew. My lot
of ground purchased of Henry Gough, and part of my lot on
Howard's Hill to be sold."

WiUiam Hammond, of WilHam, began his will thus: "Glory be
to God on high, peace and love among men." His lands at Liberty,
devised to him by his uncle, Hon. Upton Sheredine, had been sold
to General Richard Coale. His sons were Larkin and William
Hammond.

WilHam Hammond, a famous attorney and writer of Annapolis,
built, in 1770, one of the historic houses of Annapolis, now known
as the Harwood House, on Maryland Avenue, nearly opposite the
"Chase Mansion." The foundation walls are five feet thick. Its
parlor has a carved wainscot surrounding it. Its mantel piece, win-
dow, door frames, shutters and doors are carved in arabesque, the
handsomest specimen in Maryland.

Mr. Hammond built it for an intended bride, and had even
visited Philadelphia in search of furniture, when the engagement
was broken and Mr. Hammond remained a bachelor.

184 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

In 1811, the house and grounds extending from King George
Street to Prince George Street, were purchased by Chief Justice
Chase for his oldest daughter, Francis Townley, wife of Richard
Lockerman. She designed and laid off its garden and planted
its box walk. It descended to Mrs. William Harwood, granddaugh-
ter of Judge Jeremiah Townley Chase, and is still held by descendants.

DULANY;

The Dulany records of Maryland, Virginia and Kentucky, make
mention of two Delany brothers and three sisters, from Cork,
Ireland, landing near the town of Bellhaven, now Alexandria, about
1700. The eldest brother, William, moved to Culpepper, Virginia,
and returned to Wye in Queen Annes, Md., and there died.

The Maryland record mentions William and Daniel Delany,
brothers, sons of Thomas and Sarah Delany, from Queen County,
Ireland, who, in 1700, changed the spelling to Dulany, after their
arrival.

In support of these traditions, we find the will of Thomas
Delany on record in Baltimore, dated 1738. It names Wm. Delany,
to whom was left " Wright's Forest," and Daniel Delany, to whom
one shilling was given. There were two more sons, Thomas and
Dennis.

In the biography of Daniel Dulany, of Annapolis, we find him
at the time of the above will of Thomas, quite a prominent man in
the province; for he was then commissioner. Still later, by the
influence of Colonel Plater, into whose family he is said to have
married, Daniel Dulany rose to Attorney-General and judge of
admiralty; ending as commissary general, agent and receiver, in
addition to being in the Provincial Councils of Governor Bladen,
Ogle and Sharpe. He was for several years the leader of the country
party in the Lower House.

His second wife was Rebecca Smith, daughter of Colonel Walter
Smith. In the grounds of St. Anne's, at Annapolis, his elevated
tomb, erected to his wife before 1753, pays a marked tribute to her
memory. He died in 1753, and his official title is added to the
marble slab of the same tomb.

The issue by her was Hon. Daniel (the younger), Walter and
Rebecca — Jas. Paul Heath; Rachel — first, William Knight, second.
Rev. Henry Addison; Dennis, clerk of Kent County; Mary — first,
Dr. Hamilton, of Annapoils, second, William Murdock; and Lloyd
Dulany.

Walter Dulany succeeded him as commissary-general. He
married Mary Grafton, daughter of Richard. His letters to her,
and her letters to him during the critical period of the Revolution,
have been preserved as interesting bits of history in the work of
Miss Murray, of West River, in her biography of Rev. Walter
Dulany Addison, entitled, "One Hundred Years Ago."

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 185

The family ,as a whole, belonged to the Tories of the Revolu-
tion, and as such lost their vast estate by confiscation. The sisters,
Rebecca, Mary, Kitty and Peggy Dulany were later allowed four
hundred acres by Congress.

These ladies have become corner stones of very important
family buildings in Maryland history.

Rebecca Dulany became the wife of Thomas Addison, Jr., of
"Oxon Hill." Much has been written of his coach and four, with
liveried outriders; of his handsome English coach horses, and of
the truly magnificent display of this planter.

The oldest son of this marriage was Rev. Walter Dulany
Addison, the friend of Washington and founder of the first church in
Washington City, to which flocked the aristocratic parishioners in
their stylish outfits. He also built Addison Chapel.

Miss Murray has given us an interesting sight into the Dulany
homestead, which then stood at the water's edge of the Naval
Academy.

The letters of Miss Rebecca Dulany to her three sisters, tell
of a boat excursion to "Rousby Hall"; of her dinner at Colonel
Fitzhughs;' of her ride in Colonel Taylor's vessel, to Colonel Platers;
of the garden walks and guitar concerts; of the handsome entertain-
ment at Mrs. Platers; of a dinner next day at Colonel Barnes, to
which she went in Colonel Platers' chariot and four, where there
were a great number of gentlemen whose names she would not
reveal.

The son of the above writer, tells also, of his experience upon
arriving at Annapolis, from his school in England. He was invited
to an evening party at the Dulany homestead. Soon after dinner
he took a ride in his English costume of yellow buckskin, blue coat,
red cassimere vest and fine top-boots. Returning, he presented
himself at the door, but was met by his grandmother (Mrs. Mary
Grafton Dulany) , in highly offended dignity. " What do you mean,
Walter, by such an exhibition? Go immediately to your room and
return in a befitting dress."

He next appeared in silk stockings, embroidered vest, etc. ; and,
to his amazement, was ushered into an apartment splendidly adorned,
filled with elegantly dressed ladies and gentlemen. The scene
equalled anything he had seen in London. This view of Annapolis
was just at the close of the Revolution, when the French officers
who had aided us were lions in society.

The daughters of Mr. Walter Dulany and Mary Grafton, were
Rebecca Addison Hanson, Mrs. Mary Fitzhugh, Mrs. Kitty Belt,
Mrs. Peggy Montgomery.

HON. DANIEL DULANY. (THE YOUNGER).

Both father and son were leading men in political affairs, but
the son eclipsed the father. Yet the father decided most of the

186 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Chancery records I have reviewed. The son was educated at Eton
and Clare Hall in Cambridge. He entered the Temple and retm-ning
was admitted to the bar in 1727.

He became a member of the Council, and Secretary of the
Province. His celebrated essay against the Stamp Act made him
renowned, but the position he took in the debate with Charles
Carroll, of Carrollton, classed him among the enemies to American
Independence.

His wife was Rebecca Tasker, daughter of Hon. Benjamin and
Ann (Bladen) Tasker.

Their three children were Daniel, Barrister of Lincoln's Inn,
London; Colonel Benjamin Tasker Dulany, aid to General
Washington. He married Eliza French, whose daughter Eliza
French Diilany became the wife of Admiral French Forrest, of the
Confederate Navy.

Ann Dulany (of Hon. Daniel) married M. De la Serre, whose
daughter Rebecca, was married at the residence of Marquis of
Wellesley, to Sir Richard Hunter, physician to the Queen.

McMahon, the historian, pays Hon. Daniel Dulany the follow-
ing tribute:

"For many years before the downfall of the Proprietary Gov-
ernment, he stood confessedly without a rival in the Colony, as a
lawyer, a scholar, and an orator, and we may safely regard the asser-
tion, that in the high and varied accomplishments which constitute
these, he has had amongst the sons of Maryland but one equal and
no superior. The legal arguments of Mr. Dulany that yet remain,
bear the impress of abilities too commanding, and of learning too
profound to admit of question. For man}^ years before the Revolu-
tion, he was regarded as an oracle of the law. It was the constant
practice of the Courts of the Province to submit to his opinion every
question of difficulty which came before them and so infallible were
his opinions considered, that he who hoped to reverse them was
regarded as 'hoping against hope.'

"Nor was his professional reputation limited to the colony. I
have been creditably informed that he was occasionally consulted
from England upon questions of magnitude, and that, in the Southern
coimties of Virginia, adjacent to Maryland, it was not unfrequent
to withdraw questions from their Courts and even from the Chan-
cellor of England, to submit them to his award. Thus, unrivalled
in professional learning, according to the representations of his
contemporaries, he added to it all the power of the orator, the
accomplishments of the scholar, the graces of the person, the
suavity of the gentleman.

"Mr. Pinkney, himself, the wonder of his age, who saw but the
setting splendor of Mr. Dulany's talents, is reputed to have said of
him, that even amongst such men as Fox, Pitt and Sheridan, he had
not found his superior.

"Whatever were his errors during the Revolution, I have
never heard them ascribed, either to opposition to the rights of

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 187

America, or to a servile submission to the views of the Ministry, and
I have been creditably informed, that he adhered, throughout life,
to the principles advanced by him in opposition to the Stamp Act.
The conjecture may be hazarded that had he not been thrown into
collision with the leaders of the Revolution, by the proclamation
controversy and thus involved in the discussion with them, which
excited high resentment on both sides, and kept him at a distance
from them until the Revolution began, he would, most probably,
have been found by their side, in support of the measures which led
to it. Mr. Dulany was Secretary of the Province when he conducted
the famous controversy with Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. He was
also a member of the Upper House, under the Proprietary Govern-
ment.

"Rewrote under the name of ''Antilon" in opposition to 'First
Citizen.' Full copies of that discussion are still extant in the Mary-
land Gazette of our Maryland State Library. The political differ-
ences which it engendered survived the close of the Revolution. Mr.
Dulany held no pubhc office after it, and the brilliancy of his talents
displayed alone in the forum of Provincial Courts, did not shed its
effulgence in National Councils, and his fame, reflected from the
humble pedestal of State history, has not depicted to the Nation
the phenominal proportions of his intellect. Mr. Dulany died in
Baltimore, March 19th, 1797, aged seventy-five years and was
buried in St. Paul's Cemetery, corner of Lombard and Fremont
Streets."— (Riley).

The Dulany mansion in Annapolis stood in the present Naval
Academy grounds, and for a number of years was occupied by the
Superintendent.

Lloyd Dulany's old homestead is now the pubhc school building.
The famous bowl which was brought over in the Peggy Stewart
belonged to him. A few evenings after its arrival, Mr. Dulany gave
an entertainment in which he explained how the bowl was saved
when the vessel was burnt. Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, in reply
to Mr. Dulany's explanation, remarked, "we will accppt your
explanation provided, this bowl always furnishes this same kind
of tea."

Daniel Dulany (of Walter) married Mary Chew, widow of
Governor Paca. Their son Lloyd was killed by Rev. Bennett
Allen, former Rector of St. Anne's. Walter Dulany was a brother.
To get a definite idea of the all-prevailing influence of the Dulany
name in legal quarters, study, as I have done, the Chancery records,
wherein their opinions were the power behind the throne.

JUDGE SAMUEL CHASE.

Samuel Chase known in history as "The Torch of the Revolu-
tion," was born in Somerset County, in 1741. His father was the
Rev. Thomas Chase of the Church of England, half of whose salary
was cut off by an Act supported by his son.

188 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Samuel Chase studied law in Annapolis. He joined the "Sons
of Liberty." When Zachariah Hood's property was destroyed in
revenge for his attempting to distribute stamps in the Colony,
Chase was an active participant. Hood's friends who were promi-
nent and distinguished families, resented Chase's conduct, saying,
" Chase was a busy-body, restless incendiary, a ring-leader of mobs,
a foul-mouthed and inflaming son of discord and faction — a pro-
moter of the lawless excesses of the multitude." To these charges
Chase replied in a vehement address, in which he admitted his
agency, but justified his conduct. Fierce, vehement, fearless, he
bore a tinge of harshness which was redeemed by noble and generous
qualities — but the adherents of the Maryland Court looked upon
him, then, as a dangerous fanatic. He was a delegate to the
Continental Congress in 1774, and continued until 1778. He was a
signer of the Declaration of Independence. In 1783, was sent to
England to collect a bank claim; recovered $650,000 of it. In 1778,
was made Judge of the newly established Criminal Court in Balti-
more. Colonel John Eager Howard induced him to remove to Balti-
more and granted him a whole square, now in the centre of the city.

He was a member of the State Convention that adopted the
Federal Constitution; he thought it not democratic enough. In
1791, he became Chief Justice of the General Court of Maryland,

In 1794, on the occasion of a riot, he had arrested two of the
rioters. They refused to give bail and the Sheriff was afraid of a
rescue, if he took them to jail. "Call out a posse comitatus, then"
said the Judge — "Sir, no one will serve." 'Summon me, then 'I will
be posse comitatus. I will take them to jail." Instead of presenting
the rioters, the grand jury indicted the Judge for holding a place in
two Courts at the same time.

In 1796, President Washington appointed Judge Chase an
associate Justice of the Supreme Coiu-t.

In 1804, he was impeached for misdemeanor. He was defended
by Luther Martin, Attorney-General of Maryland, who in that
defence was thus pictured. " Rolicking, witty, audacious Attorney-
General, drunken, generous, slovenly, grand — shouting with a
school boy's fun at the idea of tearing John Randolph's indictment
to pieces and teaching Virginia Democrats some law." His address
was never exceeded in "powerful and brilliant eloquence," in the
forensic oratory of the country."

It defeated the impeachment, for the two-third majority could
not be secured.

Judge Chase's temper was better fitted for the bar than the
bench, yet his courage and ardor were needed where he held sway.

Judge Chase married first, Ann Baldwin, by whom he had two
sons and two daughters. His second wife was Hannah Kitty Giles,
of Kentbury, England. He died June 19th, 1811.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 189

JUDGE JEREMIAH TOWNLEY CHASE.

Judge Jeremiah Townley Chase, was born in Baltimore, in 1748,
and removed to Annapolis in 1779. He was Mayor of Annapolis in
1783, and there delivered an address of welcome to General Wash-
ington upon his resignation of this commission. Judge Chase also
welcomed LaFayette to Annapolis, in 1825. He was upon the Com-
mittee of Safety for Baltimore and was a private in the first military
company.

In 1775, he was elected a member of the convention from Balti-
more County to frame a Constitution and was a member of the body
which framed the declaration for Maryland. He served in Governor
Thomas Johnson's council ; was a member of Congress in 1783 ; in
1789, was Chief Judge of the Third District and Chief Judge of the
Court of Appeals, from which he resigned in 1824. He was firm,
dignified, impartial, kind, temperate, and a sincere Christian. ' He
married Hester Baldwin, name-sake and descendant of Hester
Larkin, daughter of John Larkin, of South River. As the widow of
Nicholas Nicholson she married John Baldwin, Jr. She died in 1749,
aged one hundred years and is,s\ipposed to be one of the first persons
born in Anne Arundel County., >

She left a long line of distinguished dcscendents, one of whom,
Hester Ann Chase Ridout, daughter of Thomas Chase (of Judge
Townley) presented the Chase mansion to the Episcopal Church.
Judge Chase died in 1828, and was buried in the City Cemetery.

THE REVOLUTION OF 1688.

There were several contributing causes in Maryland which helped
to swell the Revolution of 1688 in England. The Proprietary rule
of the Province had suffered greatly from the fact that during its
whole existence, with the exception of the few years between 1675
and 1684, and the one short period of 1732, all the proprietors and
their secretaries resided in England. The Province was held by
representatives not always faithful, not even always discreet, but
always in conflict through their varying responsibilities. They were
the Governor, Secretary, Commissary-General, two Judges of the
Land Office, and an Attorney-General, aided by many more minor
appointees.

Cecilius, son of the first Lord Baltimore, was a trained adminis-
trator, discreet, politic, able, deeply interested in the project for
which, it is estimated, he must have spent some £40,000 sterling with
but little received in return. His representative Governor, Leonard
Calvert, was likewise an able and well-disposed administrator, but
Charles Calvert, son of Cecilius, a busy man of strong personality,
succeeding in 1675, was not the able diplomat that his father had
been. Succeeding his uncle, Philip, as Governor, there was at once
jealousy and dissension.

It is true he suppressed the Fendall rebellion, but he was not
able to suppress the men engaged in it.

190 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Lacking the gentleness, sympathy and persuasive appeal of his
father, he was charged with being cold, stern and self-interested.

He married the widow of his secretary, Henry Sewall, and gave
her children and other members of his family some of the most
important offices in the Province. He restricted the suffrage and
endeavored to keep the leaders of the opposition out of the House of
Delegates by not summoning them, when elected. When the house
was obstinate he did not hesitate to use personal influence to secure
reluctant assent.

Only a few years subsequent to a fall of more than fifty per cent,
in the price of tobacco, the rent of all lands after 1670, was doubled,
and further, while a large per cent, of the people were Protestants,
the government was under the control of Catholics. Added to this,
he left the province in 1684 to his minor son and a board of deputy
governors, at the head of which was his cousin, the notorious George
Talbott, to be followed later by William Joseph, a quaint fanatic, to
succeed him, whose ideas of "divine right" were not well received,
but in reality brought on a rebellion in the lower House of the
Assembly (Mereness). A crisis was now at hand, not only in the prov-
ince, but in the mother country — it ended in the revolution of 1688,
which drove King James from the throne and placed William and
Mary in control

Enemies of the Proprietary now began a contest for control
under the false cry that Catholics were plotting with Indians to
murder Protestants. Col. Henry Darnall; Colonel Pye and Mr. Boar-
man were charged with conspiring with the Seneca Indians for that
purpose, and it was only by the prompt action of Colonel Darnall in
hurrying from place to place, convincing the people of the falsity of
the rumor, that an uprising was quelled in its early stage. Certain
Protestants, viz. : Henry Hawkins, Captain Edward Burgess, Colonel
Nicholas Gassaway, Captain Richard Hill and Major Edward
Dorsey, addressed a letter to Colonel Digges, of Lord Baltimore's
council, to know if there was any truth in the rumor. Colonel Digges
replied by a total denial of the charge, assuring the writers that Colonel
Jowles, Colonel Darnall and Major Ninian Beale would scour the
woods to see if any Indians could be found. His reply satisfied the
writers who then joined in letters to the people and to the Council
announcing their belief in the falsity of the charges, and they were
rewarded by military appointments, viz. : Mr. Edward Dorsey, Major
of Horse; Mr.'^Nicholas Gassaway ,Major of the Foote; Mr. Nicholas
Greenberry, Captain of the Foote, in the room of Captain Richard
Hill; Mr. Edward Burgess, Captain of the Foote; Mr. Henry Hans-
lap, Captain of the Foote; Mr. Henry Ridgely, Captain of the Foote.
Captain John Coode was the leading spirit in this revolutionary move-
ment against the lord proprietary. He had been suppressed by
Charles Calvert during an earlier attempt at rebellion, but his spirit
was still undaimted. He and Captain Josias Fendall had been tried
for revolt. Coode had married a daughter of Thomas Gerrard, who
had been a Councillor under Fendall. He was first a Catholic and

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 191

then a Protestant, and although once a clergyman, he was considered
vain, unprincipled, caring nothing for Protestantism, but using it
only as a pretext in his revenge against the lord proprietor. With
such a man as leader, was organized, in 1689, a Protestant Association
to put William and Mary in control of the province. The records
were seized by Colonel Coode, head of the militia. The officers of
the Proprietor could only collect a force of eighty men, who surren-
dered without a shot.

This association met with but little approval by the Protestants
of Anne Arundel County, who even refused to send delegates to a
convention at St. Mary's. Captain Richard Hill, of Anne Arundel,
urged the inhabitants to think well before renouncing the proprietors
who had given them their property, to rush to a government which
might not be able to hold it. For that effort he was denounced by
Captain Coode and driven from power. In his defence. Captain John
Browne, of Anne Arundel, wrote: " Captain Hill is a Scotchman, bold
in speech, who spoke what others only dared to think." But the
Association was successful; Coode was put in command of the King's
forces, assisted by Colonel Nicholas Greenberry. The new monarchs
were proclaimed, an assembly was called and all the offices filled with
Protestants. Each of the counties, except Anne Arundel, sent an
address to the King in support of the movement, beseeching him to
take the government into his own hands, but counter addresses,
denouncing Coode and his followers, were also sent. The signatures
to the former, however, numbered twice as many as the latter.

Charges, strong and forceful, were brought against the govern-
ment of the Proprietor. The King approved the measures of the
Association, but the opinion of Lord Chief Justice Holt in 1690 was,
'' I think the King may constitute a governor whose authority will
be legal, though he must be responsible to the Lord Baltimore for
the profits."

The royal government, however, was established in 1692 and
continued for nearly a quarter of a century in control of the province.

Sir Lionel Copley was appointed Governor. He summoned a
General Assembly which met May 10, 1692, O. S., at St. Mary's. The
first act was to acknowledge William and Mary, and the next to
establish the Episcopal Church as the State church of Maryland.
Every county was divided into parishes and taxes were levied upon
the people, without distinction, for the support of the ministers, the
repair of the old and the building of new churches. In 1704 an act
was passed " to prevent the growth of popery," by which it was made
a penal offence for a priest of the Catholic Church to say mass or to
perform any of their sacred functions, or for any Catholic to teach a
school. This was subsequently modified in allowing Catholic priests
their functions in private houses. This led to the custom of building
chapels connected with the dwellings of Catholic families; nor were
Catholics alone so deprived. All dissenters were alike treated, even
the gentle Quakers. In 1702 the English toleration act for "Dis-

192 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

senters" was extended to Maryland, and in 1706 relief was granted
to the "Quakers" or "Friends."

The Assembly next attempted to deprive the Proprietary of his
rights in the province. He was still entitled to all of the imsettled
lands, with the right of making grants for them, to the quit rents and
certain duties, not connected with the government, viz. : port duties
of two shillings per hundred on all tobacco exported from the colony.
The Assembly disputed his claim, but Lord Baltimore having
appealed to the King, the latter, by royal letter, authorized him to
collect his revenues in the province. The Assembly finally yielded
up to the Proprietary his port and tonnage duties and entered into
a compromise in issuing land patents. The Assembly now turned its
attention to the location of the State Capital.

St. Mary's was the home of the Catholic element of the province
and it was now too remote for a convenient meeting place. Both of
these reasons were made effective. All prayers for retaining the gov-
ernment upon its historic ground were laughed at and rejected. The
capital was removed to "the town land at Proctors," which was
henceforth to be called Annapolis, and so, in a few years, old St.
Mary's, " in the very State to which it gave birth, in the land which
it redeemed from the wilderness, now stands a solitary spot dedicated
to God and a fit memento of perishable man" (McMahon). Its suc-
cessor, rising upon its ruins, grew into an attractive centre of wealth.
A portion of St. Mary's population followed the government to the
new capitol. The very first record of this new seat shows that
progress had been made for a coming city.

There is one venerable building on State House Hill which must
have been built as the Court House for the Port of Entry in 1683. It
is the time-honored Treasury building. When it was repaired during
the administration of Treasurer Spencer Jones, a special search was
made to get its date of erection, but nothing could then be found.
The present efficient Chief Clerk of the Land Office, Mr. George
Schaeffer, had a picture of it from a New York journal showing the
members of the Assembly in continental dress standing about it under
the shade trees surrounding it. Mr. David Ridgely, in his excellent
"Annals of Annapolis," published in 1841, tells us that the Lower
House met in the larger room and the Upper House in the smaller
one, but when that meeting took place was left to conjecture.

The first Assembly, by the records, met in Major Dorsey's house,
which a living historian, Mr. Elihu S. Riley, thinks was probably
the house No. 83 Prince George Street, now Mrs. Marchand's.

The first State House was built in 1697, when the Assembly
met there until its destruction by fire in 1704, after which Major
Dorsey's house was again occupied imtil the completion of the second
State House in 1706. We have a record of the Armory which stood
north of it; of King William's School, which stood south of it, but
no mention of the Treasury building. Even when the third State
House was projected in 1772 and its corner stone was laid by Gover-
nor Eden, the clap of thunder from a clear sky was noted, but still

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 193

no mention of this quaint little building, which must have then taken
the place of the second State House for a season until the completion
of the third.

Judging from the want of record after 1694, the inference is clear
that our historic little Treasury building was built after the organiza-
tion of Anne Arundel Town as a port of entry in 1683, and at the
time of Governor Nicholson, was the house in which he called his
Council together for the organization of the capital

GOVERNOR NICHOLSON.

In 1694 Governor Nicholson met in Council at the Court House
in Anne Arundel Town and issued an order for the removal of the
records from the city of St. Mary's to Anne Arundel Town, to be con-
veyed in good, strong bags, to be secured with cordage and hides,
and well packed, with guards to attend them night and day, and to
be delivered to the Sheriff of Anne Arundel County, at Anne Arundel
Town. This removal took place in the winter of 1694-5.

The first Assembly was held in a house of Major Edward Dorsey
on 28th February 1694, O. S., and in 1695, the town became
Annapolis, with a resident naval officer and a public ferry across
the Severn.

A contract was made with Casper Herman, a burgess from Cecil,
for building the parish church, school house and State house, all from
brick made near Annapolis.

The foundation of the first State House was laid April 30, 1696.
In June, 1697, the building was so well advanced as to be set apart
for pubHc use. The officers in charge were Governor Nicholson, Hon.
Sir Thomas Lawrence, Baronet, Secretary; Hon. Henry Jowles,
Chancellor; Hon. Ken elm Cheseldyne, Commissary-General. Struck
by lightning in 1699 and entirely consumed by fire in 1704, the first
State House had but a brief existence. This gave Governor
Seymour occasion to say, "I never saw any public building left
solely to Providence but in Maryland."

Major Dorsey's house was again rented for the Assembly Hall
until a new State House could be built.

Governor Nicholson was a man of integrity, liberal in views, firm
in purpose. ^

When John Coode, the apostate clergyman, had been elected a
burgess, Governor Nicholson was determined that he should not sit,
because no clergyman had ever sat in the Assembly. The House
stood on its privileges, but Nicholson would not swear him, and having
won the cause, Coode retired to swear vengeance on the Gov-
ernor. In the face of it the burgesses thus addressed the Governor,
" We have not the least doubt of our rights or liberties being infringed
by our gracious Sovereign or our noble and worthy Governor, and
we do sincerely acknowledge that his Excellency governs by the
fairest measures and freest administration of the laws we are capable
of understanding, and therefore, have not the least apprehension of
his invading our rights or privileges."

194 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

A Commission, consisting of Major John Hammond, Major
Edward Dorsey, Mr. John Bennett, Hon. John Dorsey, Mr. Andrew
Norwood, Captain Philip Howard, Mr. James Saunders and Colonel
Nicholas Greenberry laid out the town. Four of these were property
holders on the North Severn side and four were residents of Middle
Neck. They were authorized to buy, or condemn, all that parcel of
land within the present Grave Yard Creek and Spa Creek, to be fenced
in and called the Town Common, or Pasture; Governor Nicholson's
lot was within this enclosure, which ran along East Street to State
House Circle. His house was of curious and ancient design. It
stood on the corner of Hyde and Cornhill Streets and was for many
years occupied by Mrs. Richard Ridgely (Riley).

During Governor Nicholson's administration in 1695, a public
post, extending from the Potomac, through Annapolis to Philadelphia
was organized. The post-man was required to traverse it eight
times a year, to carry all public messages, to deliver letters and pack-
ages, for which service he received £50 a year. This was succeeded,
in 1710, by a general post throughout the colonies.

A picture is extant of a house. No. 83 Prince George Street,
Annapolis, which tradition decides is a part of the house owned
by Major Edward Dorsey, which became the first Governor's mansion,
being later occupied by Governor Nicholson. The house is well
preserved and is of solid architecture. It was formerly the residence
of Judge A. B. Hagner and is now owned by Mrs. Francis T.
Marchand. An addition was made some years ago on the right
wing.

Annapolis lately retained three more Governor's mansions.

In 1696 the Assembly of Annapolis appointed His Excellency, Sir
Francis Nicholson, Sir Thomas Lawrence, Hon. Nicholas Greenberry,
Hon. Thomas Tench, Major Hammond, Major Edward Dorsey,
Mr. James Saunders and Captain Richard Hill a Commission
"for keeping good rules and orders," making them a body corporate
for the new capital. Mr, Richard Beard, surveyor, made a map of
the place. This body was authorized to erect a market house and
hold a fair yearly; a new State House was ordered to be built, and
if any one would build it a " Bridewell" was proposed. This was not
built, but a handsome pair of gates was ordered to be placed at the
" coming in of the town" and two triangular houses built for rangers.

" To have the way from the gate to go directly to the top of the
hill without the towne, to be ditched on each side and set with
'quick setts,' or some such thing.

" That part of the land which lye on ye creeke by Major Dorsey's
house, whereby His Excellency at present lives, be sett aside for
public buildings, and if in case the same happen to come within any
of ye said Major's lotts — we propose that land be given him
elsewhere for it."

A forty-foot water front for warehouses was reserved, and a com-
mittee was appointed to consider the erection of a chm-ch. Major
Edward Dorsey, of that committee, reported a fund already in

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 195

"banck" amounting to £458. The carpenter's estimate was £250;
brick maker, £90; bricklayer, having all stuff upon the place, £220.
The entire charge would amount to £1,200. The Assembly imposed
a three-pence tax on tobacco to be continued until May 12, 1698, to
be applied to building a church at Annapolis. The Assembly
employed Mr. Gaddes, sent by the Bishop of London, to read
prayers in some vacant parish, for which 10,000 pounds of tobacco
were appropriated in remuneration. The next act was the founding
of "King William School." The valuable library presented by the
King was increased by Governor Nicholson, who used a portion of
the public revenue in the purchase of necessary books. Many of the
volumes presented by the King to Annapolis are now in the library
of St. John's College.

Following these was the erection of a jail on the corner of a lot
belonging to the Episcopal parsonage. When completed, Annapolis
was made the chief seat of justice, where all writs were made
returnable.

In 1700 a general visitation of the provincial clergy was held on
May 23rd. Anne Arundel was represented by Rev. Henry Hall, of
St. James Parish; Rev. Joseph Colback, of All Hallows, and Rev.
Edward Topp, of St. Anne's.

This convocation inaugurated the first missions of the province.
Rev. Ethan Allen's History of St. Anne's Parish has given consider-
able light upon early Annapolis, but the loss of the first twelve pages
of the parish records leaves the completion of the church to conjec-
ture. Referring to the early Puritans at Annapolis, he adds, " It is
not known that there were any other than Puritans among the resi-
dents in 1657. There were the Lloyds, the Maccubins, the Ridgelys,
the Griffiths, the Greenberrys, the Worthingtons and others, nearly
all of Welsh descent. Their place of worship was "Town Neck."
In 1683, he further adds, " And that there was, thus early, Church of
England families in the neighborhood, is unquestionable. Such we
take to have been the Warfields, the Gassaways, the Norwoods, the
Elands, the Howards, the Dorseys, and the Hammonds."

The Assembly Act of 1692, organizing thirty parishes in the
Province, required returns from existing churches. In 1696 Rev.
Mr. Coney, rector of St. Anne's, reported 374 contributors and named
the following vestry: Thomas Bland, Richard Warfield, Laurence
Draper, Jacob Harness, William Brown and Cornelius Howard. In
1704, its second vestry, reported by Rev. Mr. Topp, its second rector,
and by Rev. James Wootten, its third, were Colonel John Hammond,
Mr. William Bladen, Mr. William Taylord, Mr. Amos Garrett, Mr.
John Truman and Mr. Samuel Norwood. The entries upon the
parish records of that date show the chiu-ch then finished. The site,
the most attractive and interesting in the city of Annapolis, was
selected by Governor Nicholson and was bought of Benjamin and
Henry Welsh, for £130. The church was built in the shape of a T.
The principal entrance was from the east. One lot of the selected
ground was designed for the rector, one for the sexton and the third

196 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties,

for the vestry clerk. Within, and outside of the present circle was
the cemetery, now removed to Cemetery Creek. A few remaining
memorials may yet be read in the sacred enclosure.

The second State House was finished in 1706. It stood upon
the site of the present stately building. It was in form an oblong
square, entered by a hall; a cupola surmounted it. On the north
side of it stood an armory which was also the ballroom. On the
south side of the State House was King Wilham School.

To restore the land records destroyed by the fire of 1704, a
special commission was organized to hear and determine claims for
land grants. Colonel William Holland was Chief Commissioner.
The report of that Commission now forms a part of the land records
of Annapolis.

GOVERNOR BLACKISTON.

Governor Blackiston, who succeeded Governor Nicholson, on
account of his health, did not long remain, and Hon, Thomas Tench,
President of the Council, acted as Governor until 1703, when
Governor John Seymour was appointed.

GOVERNOR SEYMOUR.

Finding the Assembly averse to granting a charter tO the em-
bryo city, the Governor, in 1708, granted one in his own name. This
act created much resentment among the landed officials. They were
ready to admit such power was given by the charter to the Proprie-
tary, but in no manner could a royal Governor claim it. The two
delegates elected under the charter were expelled from the Assembly.
The Governor tried to conciliate the opponents, but failing, finally
dissolved them. The new Assembly was of the same sentiment. Its
first act was to demand the Governor's authority from the Queen to
erect a city. A compromise was finally effected, with certain
restrictions. A writer from Maryland, who saw the young capital
then, recorded: "There are several places for towns, but hitherto they
are only titular ones, except Annapolis, where the Governor resides.
Colonel Nicholson has done his endeavors to make a town of that
place. There are about forty dwelling houses in it, seven or eight of
which can afford good lodging and accommodations for strangers.
There are also a State House and a free school built of brick, which
make a great show among a parcel of wooden houses; and a founda-
tion of a church is laid, the only brick church in Maryland. They
have two market-days in a week, and had Governor Nicholson con-
tinued there a few months longer, he had brought it to perfection."

But Annapolis on Proctor's Landing was no recent production
of Governor Nicholson. As early as 1681, Robert Proctor, writing
to Captain Thomas Francis, of Rhode River, asked a reply to be made
to him at "town." Major Edward Dorsey was then living at Proc-
tor's Landing and had more than one house in that town when the
Assembly rented his house. In 1705, just before his death, he sold
to Charles Carroll "a row of houses on Bloombury Square" which he

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 197

had designed for his children, but on account of a lack of "tenants
they were going to decay." These are evidences that Annapolis,
when incorporated the capital, had a claim to its present name of
"ancient city." Nor was Annapolis the only town then existing.
It had its neighbor, Westminster Towne, near the Magothy, as will be
seen in a notice of Westminster Parish, which was named for the town
and had its rival down on South River, known as London Town.

In visiting the site of this once prosperous enterprise on the beau-
tiful South River, I asked an officer of the steamer that has for many
years made almost daily trips up and down that river, if he could
point out London Town. The astonished officer replied, " I never
heard of it," and yet, in 1683, this town was made a port of entry.

Upon a sloping plateau between two creeks, just at the present
Almshouse, rose a town which was intended to rival its namesake.
It only failed because of the death of its projector. Colonel William
Burgess, in 1686.. It was his gift to the county, and his son, Captain
Edward Burgess, was a Commissioner. When the Lord Proprietary
determined, in 1683, "to locate the Court House on South River as
soon as a suitable building should be erected," Colonel Burgess
secured a Commission, all of whom were large land-holders in that
section. A meeting of that Commission was held at "The Ridge"
(John Larkin's house where the Assembly met), just west of South
River. After that meeting, which reported progress, the Archives
are silent, but the following deed shows that a Court House was
erected and John Larkin then held it. In 1699 John Larkin sold to
John Baldwin " two lots in London Town with all houses, outhouses
and other improvements, excepting the twenty-five-foot house
wherein the court was formerly held, as also as much ground besides,
between the said house and the water, as shall be sufficient to erect
and build a twenty-foot house upon."

When the magnificent, stately old building, now used as the
Almshouse was built, may never be known, but its appearance and
its large rooms point rather to public, than private purposes. It is
upon the town site of London Town, described in Colonel Burgess'
will of 1686. An official of Anne Arundel, now seventy-five years of
age, tells me it was an old building when he was a boy. Near it stood
a store. There are several houses upon the same plateau which show
kindred age. The probabilities are, that our present Treasury Build-
ing in Annapolis and the present Almshouse of South River were
both built as Court Houses when Proctor's Landing and " Colonel
Burgess' land on South River" were made into ports of entry, in 1683.

London Town had its shipping wharf and its streets named in
honor of the most important land-holders. Its commission, all of
whom held lots, were Colonel Thomas Taylor, Colonel William Bur-
gess, Major John Welsh, Thomas Francis, Richard Hill, Nicholas
Gassaway, Henry Constable, Edward Dorsey, John Sollers, Henry
Ridgely, Richard Beard and Edward Burgess.

Thomas Gassaway in 1718, sold Lot No. 28 in London Town to
Thomas Ball, a merchant of London. It adjoined a lot granted to

198 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Coloner Thomas Taylor. Honorable George Plater and Elizabeth,
his wife, deeded Lot 29 to Thomas Gassaway, son of John, in 1749;
John Burgess and Jane, his wife, sold a lot to Stephen West before
1733. Alexander Warfield and Francis Pierpoint, his brother-in-law,
sold a lot to William Maccubbin, in 1719, which lot had been taken
up by Francis Pierpoint, the elder.

Colonel Henry Ridgely held lots in London Town, which he sold
before his death, in 1710. Many other transfers of lots may be seen
in our Record Office.

London Town was a port of entry at the same time as Annapohs.
Surrounding it was the richest agricultural section of the country.
The largest land-holders were there located. Near by was All Hal-
lows Church and the South River Club, both still in existence and
both bearing abundant evidence of their dignified age and eminent
respectability.

South River had a rector, Rev. Duell Pead, who baptized at
Proctor in 1682 and preached to the assembly at the Ridge, in 1683,
as recorded in "Old Brick Churches." He later became the rector
of All Hallows. This church dates from 1722. Its church-yard has
the following monuments to the titled men who dwelt therein.

A tablet with his coat of arms announces the death of Samuel
Peale, of London Town, in 1733. A Latin inscription in 1766, records
the virtues of Margaret, wife of James Dick, merchant of London
Town. The oldest inscription is that of Major Thomas Francis, of
Rhode River, a pioneer ranger of that section. Colonel Burgess'
memorial tablet follows and will be elsewhere found. Dating back
to 1733, the Anne Arundel Society have found inscriptions to the
following: Greenberry, Gassaway, Ridgely, Worthington,.; Newman,
Homewood, Howard, Peele of Weshire, Dick, Allein, Craggs, Nor-
wood, Rawlings, Norris, Davidson, Maccubbin, Hammond, Graham,
Curten, Key, Robinson, Robosson, Brewer and Carroll.

Fapaily records ^ collected are Sellman, Stockett, Harwood,
Griffith^ Worthington)., Davis, Riggs, Frisby, Dorsey, Warfield,
Humphrey. \

All Hallows Church is entered by the south door and opens into
a vestry room at the west end which was once surmounted by a
belfry with a bell bearing date 1727. The floor of the aisle is tiled
and lies lower than that of the pews. The windows are double with
segmental arch.

In 1727, the Bishop of London sent for the rector, Rev. Joseph
Colbatch to come to England for consecration. The civil authorities
procured a writ of ne exeat, which prevented his leaving the Pro-
vince and Maryland had no bishop until the consecration of Bishop
Claggett.

St. James Parish, at Herring Creek, had a church that needed
repairs, in 1695, as shown by the following record:

"At a meeting of the vestry, April 1, 1695, it was ordered that
the Sheriff pay to Morgan Jones eight hundred pounds of tobacco
for covering the old church and finishing the inside according to

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, 199

agreement." At another meeting the same month, an order was
made to build a new church " forty feet by twenty-four and twelve
feet high," This was not carried out until 1717, when the vestry
ordered and paid for, in 1718, twenty thousand brick made on the
glebe — acquired, in 1707, from James and Elizabeth Rigby.

The vestry of St, James had a long contest over a tract of land
containing 715 acres. It was willed by Nicholas Terret to St. James
Church. Upon it was a town Pig Point. It was known as Wrighton
and had been transferred by several deeds to Robert Browne, of Abel
and was later held by his heirs. The vestry resolved to sell its
interest in the tract to purchase a glebe elsewhere. Pig Point lots were
to be reserved. This new town was located on the Patuxent. Our
modern maps have, somehow, lost sight of it, but the present post-
office of Bristol is near or upon the original site.

THE SOUTH RIVER CLUB HOUSE.

The South River Club House, near All Hallows Church, still
stands and has taken on new life. Its founders are no longer known,
but there is a record of a deed, dated 1740, executed between John
Gassaway, on the one part and Robert Saunders, a trustee on the
other, confirming a previous transaction between the "Society" or
company, called the South River Club and John Gassaway's father,
acknowledging the receipt by the latter of eight pounds current
money for the half acre of land and club house standing on it. A
new club house was built in 1742 and from that date a list of members
has been preserved. The following recent account of a fourth of
July dinner will here be of interest. It is taken from the Baltimore
Sun, and is the work of Mr. L. Dorsey Gassaway, Recorder of the
Club:

"At the historic old South River Club, in the beautiful First
District of Anne Arundel County, where the hillsides show Nature's
beauty and giant oaks thrust their green tops high in the sky, there
was served yesterday as delightful a Fourth-of-July dinner to as
congenial a company as ever sat down together."

The club house, where the dinner was given, is a little, old frame
building, white-washed within and without. No carpet adorned the
floor and the walls were not ornamented with paper; yet there it
has stood for, not years but, centuries. Long before the War of the
Revolution, before even the city of Baltimore was in its infancy; in
the days when there was a desperate hazard in being a Marylander,
the ancestors of the diners of yesterday gathered at this little build-
ing and founded the South River Club. Records show that it was in
existence with a long list of members in 1742, and there is a tradition,
that its organization occurred prior to 1700. Through all the years
that followed it flourished, with occasional breaks, due to wars and
factional strife, but the early settlers of Southern Maryland con-
tinued to meet and be good fellows. The same esprit de corps that
existed then exists now, and every present member of the club is

200 Founders of Anne Aeundel and Howard Counties.

firmly convinced that it is the oldest social organization in the world,
and certainly antedates anything of the kind in this country.

That it shall never die and the spirit that has maintained it so
long never lessen is their determination. When they themselves are
gone the keeping alive of the South River Club will be transmitted
as a sacred heritage to their sons and grandsons. .

The present membership is limited to twenty-five, all of whom
are lineal descendants of former members, and four times a year they
meet at the little frame house to dine, to renew old friendships and
talk over old days. Generation after generation has done this since
the founding of the club, and it is the purpose of the members to have
future generations follow in their footsteps.

Yesterday the host was Mr. T. Stockett Sellman, the youngest
member of the club, who, however, was preceded by a numerous
array of ancestors. Some of the twenty-five came to Annapolis the
night before the Fourth, others came down on morning trains and
others still came from various sections of the country, but the hour
of noon found them assembled beneath the great branches of the
magnificent oak that stands near the house.

Horses were unharnessed and fed and the guests were refreshed
with brimming glasses of the far-famed South River punch. There
were in the crowd that gathered about the table iiiside the humble
little cabin, merchants, bankers, brokers, members of the Stock
Exchange, lawyers and farmers, many of them men of means and
mark, but all imbued with an intense pride in the South River Club.

The dinner was delightfully served, the piece de resista?ice being
a fine young, well-roasted pig, which was skillfully carved by Mr.
Harry Brogden, a member who dates his election from 1872.

Judge Alexander Hagner, chairman of the club, presided over
the feast, and a feature of the dinner was the presentation to the club
of a handsome silver loving cup. It was filled with the famous punch
and passed around the board, the members standing as they drank.

Mr. John Wirt Randall accepted the gift in behalf of the club,
saying that it was symbolical of the love and affection that existed
among the members and would serve, as it passed from hand to hand,
to strengthen the bond between them. He spoke of the former days
of the club and of the fact that its earliest rule — not to discuss
politics or religion at its meetings — had never been broken.

Mr. Brogden spoke of the pleasure and pride in the club taken
by its members and of their appreciation of the gift. Mr. Samuel
Brooke and Mr. Daniel R. Randall also spoke in a similar vein.

Judge Hagner, in response, declared it to be an honor to him
that the cup had been accepted. He recalled the historic time when
members of the club drank the health of his Royal Highness the
Duke of Cumberland in that very room because of his victory over
the Scotch rebels. He made an impressive plea for the continuance
of the spirit that had kept the club alive all these years. His remarks
were enthusiastically applauded.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 201

The speech-making was concluded by Mr. John M. Nelson, who
told of his admiration for the club and of the fact that the first money
he had ever earned had been in that county by driving a reaper for
Mr. Iglehart when he was a lad.

The health of Judge Hagner as chairman, of Mr. Sellman as host
and of future reunions were drunk. The loving cup passed some
several times and good fellowship reigned supreme.

After the feast a business meeting was held. Judge Hagner was
re-elected chairman, and the following resolution, offered by Mr.
Daniel R. Randall, was adopted:

"Resolved, That the South River Club accept with profound
respect and thanks the gift of a loving cup from its honored chairman,
Judge Alexander B. Hagner; and further

"Resolved, That in accepting this beautiful gift the club fully
realizes and appreciates the spirit of amity and fellowship which has
always actuated this member in his relations with the club and
prompted this gift and will ever keep alive that loving spirit so long
as this club exists."

The members present were: Judge Alexander B. Hagner, Harry
H. Brogden, John Wirt Randall, Blanchard Randall, Daniel R. Ran-
dall, T. Stockett Sellman, Thomas S. Duckett, Samuel Brooke, Louis
Dorsey Gassaway, Beale D. Worthington, Nevett Steele, Dr. D.
Miirray Cheston, Benjamin Watkins, John T. Parrott and Thomas
S. Iglehart, Jr.

The invited guests were: John M. Nelson, Ramsay Hodges, Jr.,
O. Bowie Duckett, R. S. Worthington and WilHam L. Amos.

The other members not present at the dinner were: Frank H.
Stockett, George H. Stewart, Dr. James D. Iglehart, Paul Iglehart,
Richard B. Sellman, James Middleton Munroe, Franklin Weems,
Richard W. Iglehart, George R. Gaither, Jr., and William Meade
Holladay.

The officers of the club are: Judge A. B. Hagner, chairman;
Frank H. Stockett, treasurer; L. Dorsey Gassaway, recorder.

The following list of the former members of the club from the
year 1742 has been compiled by Mr. Gassaway, the recorder. In the
lists are names of men whose descendants are scattered all over the
State and who have had much to do with shaping affairs in Mary-
land. The list follows: Prior to 1742, Robert Saunders, Thomas
Stockett, James Murat, John Gassaway, Samuel Jacobs, Benjamin
Stockett, John Howard, Samuel Burgess, Samuel Day, Robert Hard-
ing, Thomas Sparrow, Rev. William Brogden, Captain Joseph Cow-
man, John Watkins, William Chapman, Turner Wootton, James Dick,
Samuel Chambers, Dr. Samuel Preston Moore, William Chapman,
Jr., Captain Anthony Beck, James Nicholson, John Brewer, Captain
Christopher Grendall, Zachariah Maccubbin, James Hall, Darby Lux,
Henry Gassaway, Jonathan Sellman, Charles Steward and Richard
Moore.

202 Founders of Anne Aeundel and Howard Counties.

John Dixon, 1742; Thomas Cator, 1744; Joseph Brewer, 1744;
John Ijams, 1744; WilHam Reynolds, 1746; Stephen West, Jr., 1751 ;>
John Watkins, 1752; John White, 1755; Rev. Archibald Spencer,
1755; Henry Woodward, 1755; Thomas Gassaway, 1755; John
Dare, 1755; Joseph Cowman, 1755; [Samuel Chapman, 1756; Wil-
liam Strachan, 1756; Richard Bm-gess, 1757; Joseph Brewer, 1757;
Lewis Stockett, 1761; Samuel Watkins, 1762; Thomas Gassaway,
1762; Andrew Wilkie, 1762; Colonel Richard Harwood, Jr., 1762;
Thomas Stockett, 1763; Captain Thomas Harwood, 1764; Stephen
Watkins, 1764; Dr. Thomas Noble Stockett, 1765; Dr. James Thomp-
son, 1765; Rezin Hammond, 1770; Thomas Harwood, Jr., 1770;
Richard Watkins, 1770; Captain Thomas Watkins, 1770; Dr.
Thomas Gantt, 1772; Henry Jones, 1775; William Harwood, 1775;
William Saunders, 1775; Dr. William Murray, 1776; John L. Brog-
den, 1778; William Sellman, Robert John Smith, 1780; Edward
Sefton, 1784; Nicholas Watkins, 1784; Ferdinando Battee, 1784;
Charles Stewart, 1784; Benjamin Howard, 1784; Dr. Robert Welsh,
1784; Rev. Mason Locke Weems, 1785; John Weems, 1785; Solomon
Sparrow, 1786; Major Jonathan Sellman, 1786; Mr. Samuel Maccub-
bin, 1788; Richard Harwood, 1792; David Stewart, 1792; Benjamin
Watkins, 1792; Samuel Watkins, 1795; Joseph Watkins, 1795; Dr.
Robert Welsh, 1798; John Bard, 1798; Caleb Stewart, 1798; Thomas
Purdy, 1798; WilHam Stewart, 1798; James Macculloch, 1798;
Benjamin Welsh, 1798; Edward Lee, 1798; Solomon Sparrow, Jr.,
1798; Major Thomas Harwood, 1798; WiUiam Brogden, 1798;
Joseph Cowman, 1798; Robert Welsh, 1803; Osborn S. Harwood,
1805; WilHam EHiott, 1805; Richard Stewart, 1805; James Noble
Stockett, 1806; John Gassaway, 1806; William Sanders, 1807;
Ferdinando Battee, 1807; John B. Weems, 1810; Joseph Harwood,
1814; John Watkins, 1814; Samuel Harrison, 1814; John S. Stockett,
1818; Thomas Snowden, 1825; Richard Sellman, 1825; Dr. William
Brogden, 1825; John Stevens Sellman, 1826; John Mercer, 1826;
^Virgil Moxcey, 1826; Thomas Snowden, 1835; O. S. Harwood, 1835;
Richard C. Hardesty, 1835; John T. Hodges, 1835; Ramsey, Waters,
1835; Colonel Robert W. Kent, 1835; Dr. Benjamm Watkins, 1835;
Thomas Welsh, 1835; James. H. Harwood, 1835; Alfred Sellman,
1835; James Harper, 1835; W. H. Woodfield, 1835; Edward Clagett,
1836; David McC. Brogden, 1836; Joseph E. Cowman, 1836; Dr.
Richard Harwood, 1837; James B. Smith, 1837; Thomas Hodges,
1837; John Mercer, 1838; Captain Isaac Mayo, 1842; Thomas S.
Iglehart, 1842; Charles C. Stewart, 1844; George Gale, 1844; Wil--
Ham O'Hara, 1844; John H. Sellman, 1848; R. S. Mercer, 1848;
John C. Rogers, 1849; Franklin Deale, 1849; James Kent, 1849;
'X George D. Clayton, 1850; Dr. William N. PendeH, 1850; Colonel G.
W. Hughes, 1851; Thomas S. Mercer, 1851; Henry Latrobe, 1851;
Hamilton Hall, 1852; Charles S.Contee, 1852; N. H. Shipley, 1852;
W. R. S. Gittings, 1853; Frank H. Stockett, 1856; Dr. Howard M.
DuvaU, 1859; Nicholas H. Green, 1859; WilHam D. Stewart, 1864;
WiUiam Mayo, 1872; James Boyle, 1872.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 203

THE DESERTED RUINS OF MARLEY CHAPEL.

"In some pine woods, near Marley, nine miles from Baltimore,"
says Mrs. Helen Stewart Ridgely, "are faithful relics of the past —
the ruins of an Episcopal chapel."

The ceiling of Marley Chapel is a segmented arch from which
much of the plaster has fallen. It is supported by wooden cornices,
and the brickwork over the doors and windows follows the same curve.
Between the windows at the east end a stretch of cleaner plaster
indicates that some of the church furniture once stood there.
The bare ground enclosed in this ruin indicates that either a brick or
tile pavement covered the aisle and that the pews were raised above
the pavement and probably floored with boards. There remain
only a few beams of all the woodwork.

GOVERNOR EDWARD LLOYD.

During the time between the death of Governor Seymour and
the appointment of his successor, Edward Lloyd, President of the
Council, became acting Governor. He was the son of Colonel Phile-
mon Lloyd, whose wife was Mrs. Henrietta Maria (Neale) Bennett,
daughter of Captain James Neale, a former representative at the
Court of Spain. Governor Edward Lloyd inherited from his grand-
father, Commander Lloyd, in 1695, the celebrated homestead, "Wye
House," ever since owned by an Edward Lloyd. His wife was the
beautiful Quakeress, Sarah Covington. From them came Edward
Lloyd, the legislator of 1739 and husband of Ann Rousby. Their
daughter, Elizabeth, married General Sam Ringgold; Henrietta
Maria became Mrs. Nicholson, and Richard Bennett Lloyd, their
brother, married the charming Joanna Leigh, of the Isle of Wight;
his brother, Edward Lloyd, was the hero of the Revolution, rival of
Thomas Sim Lee for Governor, the husband of Elizabeth Tayloe and
the father of Governor Edward Lloyd of 1809 — exactly one hundred
years later than his ancestor, the royal Governor of 1709.

McMahon pays this tribute to Governor Edward Lloyd's
administration of 1709: "It is as conspicuous in our statute book,
even at this day, as the blessed parliament in that of England. A
body of permanent laws was then adopted, which for their compre-
hensiveness and arrangement, are almost entitled to the name of
a code. They formed the substratum of the statute law of the
Province, even down to the Revolution."

Secretary Calvert, in his correspondence with Governor Lloyd,
touched upon bills of exchange, abuse of his lordship's manors, rent
rolls, town lands, the King's temporary line, advancement in the
value of his lordship's lands, arrearages of rent, the Ohio territory
and French encroachments.

Governor Lloyd was succeeded by Governor John Hart, the
appointee of Leonard Calvert, endorsed by George the First.

204 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

GOVERNOR JOHN HART.

After the King had held the Province from 1689 to 1715, the
fourth lord proprietor, Charles, the sixteen-year-old son of Benedict
Leonard, was restored as a Protestant. He was represented by Gov-
ernor John Hart, who had been appointed by the Crown in 1714 and
endorsed by both King and Proprietor in 1715. Hart was an
enthusiast, but failed to make his enthusiasm useful. He tried to
improve the tobacco trade; recommended the growth of hemp; called
attention to the need of better roads; urged the building of a govern-
ment house; but he became involved in a contest with the leading
Catholics. He quarreled with Charles Carroll, who, after the restora-
tion, had been commissioned " chief agent, escheator, naval officer
and receiver-general of all our rents, arrears of rents, fines, forfeitures,
tobaccos, or monies for land warrants; of all ferries, waifs, strays
and decedents; of all duties arising from or growing due upon
exportation of tobacco aforesaid, tonnage of ships, and all other
monies, tobaccos, or other effects," and also authorizing him"to sell or
dispose of lands, tenements, or hereditaments to us now escheated or
forfeited." Governor Hart, the new Protestant governor, when he
learned that the new Protestant Proprietor had permitted a strong
Catholic to retain so much power, was furious. The Assembly stood
by the Governor, holding that no private employee of the Proprietor
should receive the fines imposed by the Assembly. A petition was
sent to the Proprietor asking the restoration of the Governor to his
full powers. Mr. Carroll fixed the salary of the Governor and even
advised him not to assent to some bills awaiting his signature. Mr.
Carroll held his agency, but was not continued Register of the Land
Office. Governor Hart was also involved, as Chancellor, by taking
the part of the people against His Majesty's Surveyor-General of
Customs. He had warm supporters among Protestants, but before
his recall in 1720, was broken in health.

THE CALVERT GOVERNORS.

Charles Calvert, his successor, was a cousin of the Lord Proprie-
tor. During his administration the bad condition of the tobacco
interest led the Lower House to begin the contest over " officers' fees."

His successor, Benedict Leonard Calvert, brother of the Pro-
prietor, became a still weaker supporter of the proprietory interests.
His hostility to the clergy was now the controversy. He was an
open enemy of two such leaders as Dulany and Bordley. He stood
boldly on his ancestry, but died on his way to England.

From these proceedings it is seen that the question of land grants
was a cause of dissatisfaction thus early in the history of the county
— and it may be of interest to give here an able review of this
question from the recent historian, Mereeness, upon Provincial
Maryland.

The first conditions of plantation had been declared before the
colonists had left England. The size and rent of the grant frequently

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 205

varied, but each person, so entitled, was required to record his right
in the Secretary's office. Following this came the demand for land,
a warrant of survey, directed to the Surveyor-General, who gave his
certificate, which was embodied in a patent passed by the Governor
under the seal of the Proprietor. Still later this simple arrangement
was complicated by requiring proofs of right, sales of right, petitions,
caveats and resurveys.

About 1670, the Proprietor and his son, Charles, then Governor,
began to increase their revenues. A clerk and register, out of the
office of the Secretary, was put in charge especially to prove rights,
issue land warrants and draw up grants; this was followed, later, by
a council of four, consisting of members of State, which was empow-
ered to hear and determine all matters relating to land. This held
until 1689, when the Land Office was closed, only to be opened in
1694. Then Henry Darnall, the Proprietor's cousin and Receiver-
General, was put in charge of the Land Office, dying in 1712. Charles
Carroll, Solicitor and Register in the Land Office, became Darnall's
successor, for which he was most liberally rewarded by magnificent
manors.

During the royal administration represented by Governor Hart,
a dispute arose concerning the two Proprietors interests. The
Governor and his Council undertook to grant numerous petitions for
resurveys and to decide disputes. Secretary Sir Thomas Lawrence
claimed the custody of all papers giving evidence of land titles, and
also the right to issue warrants, refusing the Proprietor's agent the
right to search the records without the usual fee. This was compro-
mised by leaving the records in the Secretary's office but granting the
Proprietor's agent to use them to correct his rent-rolls, the Secretary
claiming one-half of the fees for land warrants. This led the Pro-
prietor to increase the purchase money from 240 to 480 pounds of
tobacco per 100 acres. The Assembly now came into the contest
with a demand to publish the changed conditions of plantation and
laws were passed requiring surveyors to qualify according to law.
Upon the restoration of the Proprietary in 1715, a new Commission
was issued to Charles Carroll, still further increasing his power, which
brought on the contest with Governor Hart, ending in a reduction
of the fees of the agent, until 1733. The rent rolls, after Carroll's
death, fell into confusion. Governor Ogle was now in office and the
Land Office gave him much trouble, which continued to grow worse.

In 1760, Mr. Lloyd, in charge of the Land Office, was required
to build a house for the Receiver-General to contain all land records.
Upon the completion of the building in 1766, a Board of Revenue,
consisting of public officers, was authorized to audit all accounts of
the Land Office and make a report to the Proprietor. This Board of
Revenue was comprised of the Governor and leading officers. The
Lower House charged that its members were growing independently
rich. The Lower House even urged that the Proprietor had no right
to dispose of vacant lands different from former proclamations, nor
to settle the fees paid for services performed in the Land Office, claim-

206 FouNDEES or Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

ing the office as a public repository of the first evidence of every man's
title to his real estate; they asserted that the records had been made
at the expense of the people and were, therefore, considered as public
records. If the land-holders have no right to have copies, except at
the will of his lordship, or on terms his lordship may be pleased to
allow them, they are but tenants at will of the Proprietor. The con-
troversy remaining unsettled, was absorbed in the coming struggle
with England. Governor Eden conceded that the Land Office
was public so far as the custody of the records, but the question of
public or private control remained to be solved.

The continual cultivation of tobacco in the early period of the
Province did not encourage industrial development and few towns
grew up. The tobacco trade was with England direct, and in return
English goods were returned.

Located at first upon navigable waters, planters held their social
intercourse through the bay and its tributaries, and roads were not
made until the back country became settled. Abundance of food
was furnished in the bay, and the backwoods gave wild turkeys, deer
and other choice meats. With the lavish gifts of nature for their
support and the money returns from their tobacco crops, but little
incentive for progress existed.

As early as 1663, Governor Charles Calvert had begun to sow
wheat, oats, peas and barley, and even flax and hemp. Tobacco
planters were required to grow at least two acres of corn; a bounty
for raising flax and hemp was offered.

In 1715 Governor Hart addressed both Houses of the Assembly
upon the necessity for devoting spacious tracts of fertile lands not
adapted to tobacco, to the growth of hemp, but none of these sug-
gestions seemed to bring the Province up to industrial development
until 1710, when the fertile soils of Howard and Frederick Counties
were devoted to the production of wheat.

Liberal inducements had been offered by Charles Calvert to Pala-
tine settlers. Two hundred acres of back lands were offered to every
family, requiring no payment of quit rent for three years, and then
only four shillings per hundred acres.

In 1735 Daniel Dulany induced about one hundred families to
settle on his lands in Frederick County. In 1749 another large body
arrived and were offered homes upon any terms agreeable. At the
beginning of the Revolution, Frederick County had a population of
nearly 50,000, about one-seventh of the whole Province. The influ-
ence of their sturdy subduing of forests, converting them into wheat
fields, was extended even to the eastern shore, and in 1770 the Bordley
wheat field of 300 acres on Wye Island became an object lesson to
wealthy planters.

At last mines opened up. Manufactures of iron implements
followed. In 1749 there were eight furnaces for making pig iron and
nine forges for bar iron.

Public roads began in 1739, followed by an act of Assembly for
clearing, marking and improving roads. The Assembly also loaned

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 207

money to Howard and Anne Arundel to open, straighten and improve
the same. The result was that before entering statehood, wagons,
drawn by eight horses, had taken the place of post-horses upon roll-
ing roads.

Fifty vessels were owned in 1749 by inhabitants of the Province,
transporting then about 28,000 hogsheads of tobacco, in addition to
£16,000 sterling exports of wheat, corn, pig iron, lumber and furs.
Twelve years later the tobacco exports had decreased, while exports
of other products amounted to £90,000.

In 1762 Philadelphia offered a better market for Maryland prod-
ucts than could be found in Maryland owing to the scattered ports
of delivery in the Province.

The need of money now became imperative. Paper currency
came and with it a law for inspection of tobacco, added to the devel-
opment of the western counties; the Province at last began to be
more independent of the mother country. (Mereness.)

Now there were many evidences of advancement in the Province.

ANNAPOLIS IN J7I8.

In 1718, " New Town," upon Powder Hill, was added to Aimapo-
lis. It was ten acres, secured by a Commission of Colonel William
Holland, Colonel Thomas Addison, Captain Daniel Mariartiee and
Mr. Alexander Warfield for the encouragement of trade in the city.
The lots were given to builders who did not hold other lots in
Annapolis. Philip Hammond, the merchant, had his warehouse in
"New Town."

The lotholders of Annapolis, at that time, were Dr. Charles Car-
roll, Samuel Young, Thomas Bladen, Patrick Ogleby, Robert Thomas,
Amos Garrett, the merchant and ex-mayor, Benjamin Tasker, James
Carroll and Philip Lloyd.

In 1820 Benjamin Tasker laid out his "Prospect to Annapolis"
on the north side of the Severn.

St. Anne's Church was now so crowded a gallery had to be
added in 1723. During that year, too, an act for encouraging
learning was passed and Rev. Joseph Colebatch, Colonel Samuel
Young, William Locke, Captain Daniel Mariartiee, Mr. Charles Ham-
mond, Mr. Richard Warfield and John Beale were commissioned to
procure land, build and visit schools for Anne Arundel.

In 1727 several parishioners of St. Anne's, headed by Rev. Alex-
ander Frazier were authorized to build a chapel in the upper part of
the parish. The site selected was near Indian Landing; its patrons
were Vachel Denton, Thomas Worthington, John Beale and Philip
Hammond.

William Parks was authorized to print, in 1727, a compilation
of the laws of the Province, and in 1728, Henry Ridgely, Mordecai
Hammond and John Welsh were empowered to lay out land for a
custom house.

208 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

, GOVERNOR SAMUEL OGLE.

In 1732 Lord Baltimore appointed Samuel Ogle, son of Samuel
Ogle, of Northumberland, England, as his representative in Annapo-
lis. The Legislature gave £3,000 for a Governor's residence, but it
was not used by Governor Ogle, then a bachelor. The Governor
soon engaged in the controversy concerning the dividing line of Mary-
land and Pennsylvania. Lord Baltimore, despairing of receiving his
rights, had decided to accept a compromise. Disturbances had for
several years been created by the German settlers on the disputed
territory. Captain Thomas Cresap formed an association to drive
out the Germans. In this contest one man was killed; Cresap was
wounded and was taken prisoner. Governor Ogle sent Edmund
Jennings and Daniel Dulany to Philadelphia to demand Cresap's
release: they failed. Reprisals were ordered; four Germans were
arrested and taken to Baltimore. Cresap's exclamation, when he
saw Philadelphia, was, " Why this is the finest city in the Province
of Maryland."

Penn sent a committee to Governor Ogle to treat, but the
Governor's demands were not accepted. Riots upon the contested
border increased and Governor Ogle addressed the King, who replied
by enjoining both Governors to keep the peace, to allow no settlers
in the disputed territory until his wishes were made known. Affairs
were in such a serious condition that Lord Baltimore came over to
the Province and assumed charge for one year.

Governor Ogle had found the Province excited over English
statutes. He possessed many essential qualities for a successful
governor. He won over Daniel Dulany, one of the strongest
opposers, but he could not silence the opposition. He settled the
controversy over English statutes by appointing four of the ablest
members of the Lower House, but the act of Assembly which
supported the government, having been allowed to expire, the
House expelled those four members who had been appointed to
office.

New leaders rose in the House to oppose " officers' fees," and to
quiet the Province, the Lord Proprietor determined on a new
Governor.

GOVERNOR SIR THOMAS BLADEN.

In 1742, Sir Charles Calvert appointed his brother-in-law his
representative. Both had married daughters of Sir Theodore Jansen,
Baronet of Surry.

In 1742, £1,000 more were added to the fund for a Governor's
mansion and Governor Bladen was empowered to buy four lots and
to erect thereon a residence for himself and future Governors. In
1744, he bought four acres, from Stephen Bordley and built the stately
hall now the central building of St. Johns College, an architect from
Scotland planned it, but before completing this magnificent
banquetting hall, the Legislature and Governor disagreed upon its

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 209

designs and refused further aid. It so stood for a number of years a
decaying monument of splendor and was dubbed " Bladen's Folly."
In 1784, it was granted, with its grounds, to St. Johns College.

Governor Bladen made the treaty with Thomas Penn. "The
Six Nations" had also given trouble by- claiming land along the Sus-
quehanna and Potomac. The Governor was disposed to a peaceful
settlement by buying their lands. The Assembly agreed, but disputed
his authority in appointing Commissioners. To his appointments
the Assembly added the names of Dr. Robert Key and Charles
Carroll, and drew up instructions for their action. This gave offense
to Governor Bladen. The Indians pressed an answer, but the
Assembly would not yield and the Governor appointed his commis-
sion alone. It met and adjusted the controversy, by paying £100
currency for the Indian claim. By that treaty, the Nanticokes left
the Eastern Shore and paddled their canoes up the Susquehanna
River and settled in the Wyoming Valley.

The members of the Assembly from Anne Arundel and Anna-
polis City in 1745, were Major Henry Hall, Dr. Charles Carroll, Mr.
Philip Hammond, Mr. Thomas Worthington, Captain Robert Gordon
and Dr. Charles Stewart, of Annapolis, This Assembly refused to
aid the Governor in sending troops to Canada. It occasioned
considerable discussion, but the independent descendants of the
old settlers of the previous century held their ground in able
remonstrance. This led Governor Bladen to ask a recall and Samuel
Ogle was again named as his successor, in 1747.

The Maryland Gazette, the earliest newspaper of the Province,
made its re-appearance, in 1745, under Josias Green, and henceforth
its pages furnish a reliable history of the county.

GOVERNOR OGLE'S SECOND TERM.

On March 12, 1747, the new Governor brought over his bride in
the ship Neptune, from Liverpool and on the 9th of June, Governor
Bladen, the only royal Governor born in the Provinces, sailed for
England. His father was Hon. William Bladen, Clerk of the Coimcil
and first public printer, who held an estate of 2,000 acres in St.
Mary's. His daughter Ann, married Hon. Benjamin Tasker, whose
daughter Ann, became the wife of Governor Samuel Ogle.

In December, Governor Ogle called the Assembly to raise funds
for the support of the Maryland troops in Canada. The Assembly
refused and was dissolved. Governor Ogle's report upon the
condition of trade, population and expenses of the Province was a
comprehensive exhibit, which he sent to the Board of Trade, of
London.

The Act of the Assembly for the inspection'of tobacco and the
limitation of officer's fees, passed shortly after his restoration to
office increased the general good feeling toward him. During his
administration the land grants extended to Howard District of Anne
Arundel. He built the house which stands on the corner of King

210 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

George and College Avenue. During his second term of service, the
prosperity of the Province was well-marked. Upon his death in
1752, the Maryland Gazette paid this tribute:

" His great constancy and firmness in a painful illness were suit-
able to a life exercised in every laudable pursuit. His long residence
among us made him thoroughly acquainted with our Constitution
and interests and his benevolent disposition induced him to promote
the public good. He was a pattern of sobriety and regularity; a
sincere lover of truth and justice. That his administration was mild
and just, his enemies, if such a man had any, dare not deny. In
private life he was an amiable companion and in his friendship warm
and sincere."

THE GROWTH OF A CENTURY.

We have reached the Centennial year of the settlement, of Anne
Arundel, and in that review the words of Rev. Ethan Allen are of
interest. Says he: " The Puritans as such, were then no longer heard
of; their places of worship were desolate and their grave-yards,
where are they?"

At Proctor's Landing a city had grown up; it was the seat of
government for the Province. The State House, the church, the
school houses and magnificent dwellings, some of which still remain,
had taken the place of the log-hut of the emigrant and the wigwam
of the Indian. Luxury, fashion and commerce, with their attendant
dissipations and extravagances, had taken the place of the severe
and stern simplicity of the early settlers.

A hundred years had given the match-lock of the Marylander
for the quiver of the Indian; the pinnace for the canoe; the printing
press for pictorial chronicles; skilled tillage for the unthrifty hunt;
African slavery for savage liberty; the race course for the wrestling
match; the school for the war-dance; substantial edifices for the
wigwam; the grand ritual of a mighty church for the artless appeal
to the Great Spirit; the busy throb of an important capital for the
still-hunt of the savage.

Annapolis had now been the capital for half a century. Opulent
men had built costly, elegant houses as their city dwellings and had
large plantations, or manors, where they dwelt when overlooking
their tobacco crops. Lumbering equipages, drawn by superb horses
were their traveling outfits in the country. " In town, sedan chairs,
borne by lacquies in livery were often seen. They sat on carved
chairs, at quaint tables, amid piles of ancestral silverware and drank
punch out of vast, costly bowls from Japan, or supped Madeira, half a
century old."

The legal lights of Annapolis were Jennings, Chalmer, Rogers,
Stone, Paca, Johnson, Dulany. The clergy were men of culture, who
could write Latin notes to their companions; they enjoyed their
imported Madeira; were hearty livers and enjoyed the renowned
crabs, terrapins and canvass-back ducks, for which the city was
famous. With races every fall and spring, theatre in winter, a card

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 211

party each evening, assemblies every fortnight, dinners three or four
times a week, at which wit, learning and stately manners were
exhibited, all softened by love of good fellowship, it is not surprising
that a foreigner should declare: "There is not a town in England,
of the same size as Annapolis, which can boast of a greater number
of fashionable and handsome women."

The style in winter is to enjoy the capital, but in milder seasons,
to travel among the great estates and manors until the principal
families in Calvert, St. Marys, Charles, Prince George and Arundel
and even across the bay, had been visited.

They were bold riders, expert in hounds and horse flesh, and the
daily fox-chase was as much a duty as it was to go to church with
proper equipage and style on Sunday.

Between the old colonial mansions of the Northern and Southern
colonies a striking contrast seems to exist. In Maryland and Vir-
ginia there are brick buildings of remarkable solidity and considerable
architectural pretensions. In solidity they shame the mock shal-
lowness of our modern pretension, A noble hospitality is expressed
in the great mansions of this time. The central building lodged the
family and guests; the two wings, connected by corridors, served for
kitchen, offices and servants quarters. In the less-imposing homes
of the people, the "hipped-roof" was almost universal, now revived
by our Mansard. The cosy comfort, the burnished brass knockers,
the low ceilings, the Queen Anne garden with box edging, all speak to
us lovingly of ancestral days worthy of being reseen and reviewed.

Our modern clubs are only imitations of the South River and
the Tuesday Club, of Annapolis. The former has been separately
noted elsewhere. The latter was an assembly of wits, who satirized
every one and did it successfully. The most distinguished and
influential men of the ancient capital, graduates of British Universities,
wits of first order were its members. The meetings were held at the
houses of its patrons. Offensive topics were laughed out of discus-
sion. Hon. Edward Dorsey, known as "the honest lawyer" was at
one time speaker. " He was charged with negligence in office in not
displaying his talents in oratory to the club. Speaker Dorsey rising
with that gravity and action, which is his peculiar talent on all such
occasions, discoursed in a nervous and elegant style, which is natural
to that gentleman on all occasions." Notes of this club's discussions
have been preserved in the Archives of the Maryland Historical
Society.

Other pastimes of that period, were the races. On 30th of May,
1745, "a race was held at John Conners, about seven miles south of
London Town, near West River. A purse of £10 for the best horse,
open to all, except "Old Ranter" and "Limber Sides," three heats
over two miles."

In 1746, the gentlemen of the " Ancient South River Club," to
express their loyalty to his Majesty on the success of the inimitable
Duke of Cumberland's obtaining a complete victory over the Pre-

212 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

tender, appointed a grand entertainment to be given at their club
house, on Thursday next. The birthday of George II was observed
here, October 29, 1746, " by firing cannon and drinking loyal healths."

In 1752, the "Beggars Farce" was at the new Theatre by per-
mission of President Tasker. A lottery under Benjamin Tasker, Jr.,
George Stewart and Walter Dulany was organized for purchasing a
town clock.

A French writer of this period who saw the capital city, thus
records it. "In that very inconsiderable town standing at the
mouth of the Severn, where it falls into the bay, at least three-fourths
of the buildings may be styled elegant and grand. Female luxury
exceeds anything known in the Province of France. A French hair-
dresser is a man of importance among them, and it is said, that a
certain dame here, hires one of the craft for a thousand crowns a
year. The State House is a very beautiful building, I think the most
so, of any I have seen in America."

GOVERNOR TASKER.

Upon the death of Governor Ogle, the office devolved upon his
father-in-law, Hon. Benjamin Tasker, by virtue of his Presidency of
the Council, which position he had held since 1744. We get a glimpse
of him in his correspondence with Lord Baltimore as President of
the Council, in which he declared: "The Assembly is now at a con-
clusion, but as to the real services, they have done, they might as
well have stayed at home. They have prepared an address, offering
your Lordship two-sixth pence per hogshead on all tobacco to be
exported, but have not agreed to make good any number of hogs-
heads, but the surest way would be to let the country farmers make
good such a sum as can be agreed upon and leave them to find a way
to raise it."

Letters upon encroachments upon the Potomac; under the
grant of Lord Fairfax; upon leases, copper ore, patents of land,
Spanish gold, remittances and rents make up the scope of Colonel
Tasker's voluminous correspondence.

Lord Baltimore, in reply, lamented the death of Governor Ogle,
but congratulated himself in having so able a representative to take
his place; acknowledged the rights of the President of the Council to
assume the government upon the death of the Governor.

As President of the Council, Colonel Tasker made a digest of
the Provincial laws and even after Governor Sharpe had arrived
Colonel Tasker was placed in charge of the private correspondence and
affairs of the Proprietary.

His son, Benjamin Tasker, Jr., was appointed by Governor
Sharpe, Commissioner to secure the assistance of "The Six Nations."
This commission resulted in the Confederacy of 1752 — a union of
colonial interests for defense about a quarter of a century before the
Declaration of Independence.

Both of these distinguished men lie buried at St. Anne's.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 213

GOVERNOR HORATIO SHARPS.

On August 11, 1753, Horatio Sharpe, Esquire, Governor of the
Province, arrived in the ship Molly, from London. He was a member
of an able English family. His brother in England secured for him,
soon after his arrival, an important military appointment as com-
mander of the Colonial Forces. Governor Sharpe entered upon a
momentous period. The French and Indian war was at hand; the
House of Delegates insisted on taxing the Lord Proprietor's estates
and denying his right to ordinary licenses. The Stamp Act following
the war, was another grevious complaint. It was altogether a trying
ordeal for the Governor, who had to be impartial toward the Crown,
the Lord Proprietor and the people, as well as to protect the Province
from a common enemy. But he was equal to the occasion.

Meeting General Braddock at Frederick, he there built Fort
Frederick. Braddock's advance and defeat created a panic in the
Province. Many fled to Baltimore, where women and children were
embarked on vessels to be sent to Virginia.

Ordering out the militia and calling for volunteers. Governor
Sharpe, assisted by Captain Henry Ridgely and Captain Alexander
Beall with two companies of thirty men each, went to the front.
The people of Annapolis began to fortify the town. Ninety-five
Marylanders, joined by South Carolinians, under the cover of bushes
and trees, kept at bay a fierce Indian attack at Fort Duquesne. The
English were defeated, but the Marylanders covered their retreat,
losing twenty-four out of ninety-five men engaged. The Indians
could not withstand our provincials. Governor Sharpe, in sympathy
with the joy that filled the colony over the bravery of our Mary-
land forces, appointed a public thanksgiving, and the Assembly
appropriated a fund for the defenders.

It is a peculiar incident in the history of the State, that the dying
interest of the last unpopular Proprietor should be so ably and
efficiently sustained by two such popular governors as Sharpe and
Eden.

The clergy tendered Governor Sharpe their grateful acknowl-
edgements " for his amiable virtues, both in public and private char-
acter." The Lower House acknowledged "it is our opinion that his
own inclination led him very much toward that desirable object"—
the good of the Province. Kent County, St. Mary's and Frederick
County all sent him addresses complimentary and approving. Gov-
ernor Sharpe's able correspondence covers three volumes of the Mary-
land Archives. He was a bachelor, yet he built a homestead that
still bears testimony to the magnificence of our colonial archi-
tecture. In 1763, by Legislative act. Governor Sharpe purchased
from the vestry of St. Margaret's Parish, the "White Hall" estate,
which had been left to the church by Colonel Charles Greenberry.
In 1764 the vestry, headed by William West, gave a power-of-
attorney to John Merriken to convey to Horatio Sharpe their
tract known as " White Hall." This tract had descended to Colonel

214 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Charles Greenberry from Colonel Nicholas Greenberry, who had
secured it from Colonel William Fuller, of Virginia, the son of its
first surveyor. Captain William Fuller, hero of the Severn. Governor
Sharpe resided in "White Hall" mansion. When he retired from
the office of Governor, his secretary, John Ridout, of England, held
it and by the will of Governor Sharpe, through his trustees,
Benjamin Ogle and Dr. Upton Scott, it was transferred by deed to
John Ridout. Governor Sharpe's full-length portrait is upon its
walls, and the bed on which he rested is still among its relics.
"White Hall" has passed to Mrs. Story, wife of Captain Story,
U. S. A.

GOVERNOR ROBERT EDEN.

Governor Robert Eden was the last Proprietary Governor. He
came in 1769. It was in the lovely month of June. The guns of the
battery gave him welcome. He was a gentleman " easy of access,
courteous to all, and fascinating by his accomplishments." Mr.
William Eddis, to whom we are indebted for much of our most
interesting bits of gossip, came in 1769 to take the position of English
Collector of Customs. His pen records are still extant and valuable.
Of Governor Eden he wrote, " The Governor is returned to a land of
trouble. To stem the popular torrent will require all his faculties.
Hitherto his conduct has secured to him a well-merited popularity
• — and I can assert that he conducts himself in his arduous depart-
ment with an invariable attention to the interests of his royal master,
and the essential welfare of the Province over which he has the honor
to preside." That this sentiment was shared by the Assembly of
Maryland was clearly manifest when it refused to subject Governor
Eden to the indignity of arrest as demanded by General Charles Lee,
the Englishman, then in charge of the American Army. In face of
the clamors of the Whig Club of Baltimore, the latter felt he could
trust the Convention of Maryland which had solemnly pledged his
safe departure.

The foundation stone of the present State House was laid by
Governor Eden in 1772. On his striking the stone with a mallet
there was a clap of thunder, although a cloud could not be seen. This
building is the third upon the same site. The appropriation was
£7,500 sterling. Its building committee were Daniel Dulany , Thomas
Johnson, John Hall, William Paca, Charles Carroll, Barrister, Lance-
lot Jacques and Charles Wallace. In 1773 it was covered with a
copper roof, which during the gale of 1775 was blown off. The dome,
so much admired by all critics, was added after the Revolution.

Governor Eden bought of Edmund Jennings the historic man-
sion, long the Governor's mansion of our State Governors. He added
its wings.

Mr. David Ridgely, the State Librarian and author of " Annals
of Annapolis" in 1841, thus describes Governor Eden's mansion:
"This edifice has a handsome court and garden extending,with the
exception of an intervening lot, to the water's edge. From the

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 215

portico, looking to the garden, a fine prospect regales the vision. The
building consists of two stories and presents an extensive front;
there are on the lower floor, a large room on each side of the hall as
you enter and several smaller ones; the saloon, on the same floor, is
nearly the length of the house. On each side of the edifice are com-
modious kitchens, carriage house and stables, with spacious lots.
Towards the water, the building rises in the middle in a turreted
shape. It stands detached from other structures, and is altogether
a delightful and suitable mansion for the Chief Magistrate of our
State." At the outbreak of the Revolution Governor Eden's prop-
erty was confiscated. This mansion was held for our Governors
until 1866, when it was sold to the Naval Academy and became the
Library Hall. It was intended for the residence of the Superintend-
ent, but was condemned and torn down in 1901. The same act of
1866 located our present Gubernatorial mansion on its quintangular
lot, fronting on State House Circle. Upon this lot stood the resi-
dence of Mr. Absalom Ridgely and his son. Dr. John Ridgely, surgeon
of U. S. Ship Philadelphia, captured in the harbor of Tripoli in 1804.
It was built by the grandfather of General George H. Stuart.

In social circles Governor Eden was a favorite. When the
controversy concerning "officer's fees" was at its height during his
administration the hostility was directed more against the members
of the Upper House than against the Governor. The two great
debaters and writers upon that controversy were Daniel Dulany and
Charles Carroll, of " Carrollton," under assumed names of " Antillon"
and " First Citizen." Full copies of that discussion are now on record
at the State Library, Annapolis. In it Charles Carroll, then unknown,
just returned from his studies in Europe, took the popular side and
received the public thanks of the Lower House of the Assembly.
He contended that the government of Maryland had for years been
held by one family, viz: Tasker, Ogle, Bladen and Dulany. The
latter's father-in-law, Benjamin Tasker, had been President of the
Council for a number of years. Dulany, the writer, was a brother-
in-law of Benjamin Tasker, Jr., who was also of the Council and at
the same time Secretary of the Province. The office of Commissary-
General and Secretary were almost hereditary in the Dulany family.
Colonel Tasker, Sr., was Commissary-General between the two
Dulany 's, father and son, and at the time of the discussion in 1773,
Walter Dulany held the place while his cousin was Secretary. Mrs.
Daniel Dulany's mother, wife of Benjamin Tasker, was a Bladen,
and Governor Robert Eden, last in line, while he married Lord
Baltimore's daughter, had also connected himself with the Bladens,
as this lady was a niece of Governor Bladen's wife.

The "Independent Whigs" in a letter to "The First Citizen,"
declared, " We thank you for the sentiments which you have spoken
with honest freedom. We had long waited for a man of abilities to
step forth and tell our dozing ministers the evils they have brought
upon the community. While we admire your intrepidity in the
attack, permit us to applaud that calm and sturdy temper which so

216 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

precisely marks and distinguishes your excellent performance. Go
on, sir, and assert the rights of your countr}^; every friend of liberty
will be a friend to you. Malice may rage and raw heads and bloody
bones may clatter and rattle, but the honest heart, bold in the cause
of freedom feels no alarm."

Carroll's exposure of the "Proclamation" was seen in the next
election in Annapolis, when a tumultuous crowd with sound of
muffled drums, bore the proclamation in a coffin, and with a grave-
digger, marched to its burial; a committee was appointed to
thank " The First Citizen."

COUNaL OF SAFETY.

Two governments were now in Annapolis — Governor Eden and
the Council of Safety. — Fearing the action of the Assembly, Eden
continued by prorogation, to keep down the voice of the people, but
the people of Anne Arundel sent out an invitation for committees
from the several counties to meet at Annapolis for forming non-im-
portation associations, a full meeting was the result. It was resolved
not to import any of the dutiable goods; to exclude a list of merchan-
dise summing up a hundred articles; while this agreement was being
signed came the news that only tea would be taxed, but the com-
mittees appointed at Annapolis unanimously resolved to stand by
their former declaration. Closely following came the Congress of
all delegates.

When the Council of Safety took charge of the State of Mary-
land Governor Eden was notified that the time for his departure had
arrived, and after its members had taken an affectionate leave of
their late Supreme Magistrate, he was conducted to a barge with
every mark of respect due his elevated station he had so worthily
filled. He reached the vessel amid the booming of cannon. In 1783
ex-Governor Eden returned to America to secure the restitution of his
property. There was some criticism of his action, but after an inter-
view with Governor Paca, matters were adjusted. He died soon
after his arrival in a house now owned by the Sisters of Notre Dame
on Shipwright Street. This house was the homestead of Dr. Upton
Scott, a rich citizen of Annapolis. It now attracts more visitors than
any other in Annapolis by having been made the imaginary home of
"Richard Carvel," of Revolutionary days. The house commands a
beautiful view of the creek into which entered the St. Mary forces,
and also the opposite neck upon which was gained the Battle of the
Severn. Just east of it stands the Carroll mansion, upon "Carroll
Green"," all now in the grounds of the Catholic orders of the city.

"Governor Eden was buried," says Mr. Ridgely in his Annals
of Annapolis, " under the pulpit of the Episcopal church on the north
side of the Severn, within two or three miles of the city."

"This church was some years since burned down" Mr. Riley
adds. " I have tried by diUgent inquiry to locate this church. The
nearest approach to the truth is found in the fact that on the farm

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 217

of Mrs. Winchester, near the track of the Annapolis and Baltimore
Short Line Railroad, is an ancient graveyard, the site of an Episcopal
church that was burned down about a hundred years ago. There is
a grave in the cemetery marked by a cross of bricks, and the tradition
is that an English lord lies buried here. It would not take many
repetitions of oral history to change an English governor to an English
lord."

Mrs. Helen Stuart Ridgely in her " Old Brick Churches," locates
the early Church of Westminster Parish on "Severn Heights." My
own researches show a deed from John Hammond, whose estate was
on the Severn, for 200 square feet upon " Deep Creeke," for building
a church for Westminster Parish in 1695. The only consideration
was " the love he bore his neighbors." In 1707-8 t^he parish of West-
minster obtained a deed for "two_acres on the south side of the
Magothy River, adjoining a town called Westminster Towne." The
tract was " Luck," granted to Mary Garner, mother of Edward Gibbs,
to whom it descended and by whom it was sold, to Charles Green-
berry, principal vestryman and his brothers, John Peasly, Philip
Jones, Thomas Cockey, John Ingram and Richard Torrell." Its
communion silver dates from 1713, the year of Colonel Charles Green-
berry's death. His will left a liberal provision for maintaining a
minister. His estate " White Hall," was left to his widow, to descend
to Westminster Parish. This was still later the estate of Governor
Sharpe, who granted it to his secretary, John Ridout, of England,
whose burial notice reads, " Be it remembered that John Ridout,
Esquire, a native of Dorset, England, departed this life 7th October
1797, and was buried at 'White Hall,' the ceremony being solemn-
ized by the Rev. Ralph Higginbotham, of St. Anne's Parish."
Another record reads, " Rachel Ridout, wife of Horatio Ridout and
daughter of Robert Goldsborough, of Cambridge, Maryland, departed
this life 17th of June, 1811, and was buried at 'White Hall,' in this
Parish, the funeral ceremony being solemnized by the Rev. Robert
Welsh, of the Methodist Society. Entered by Horatio Ridout,
Register."

" Mary Ridout, daughter of Governor Samuel Ogle, and wife of
John Ridout, died at 'White Hall,' August, 1808." Ann Ogle, wife
of Governor Samuel, was buried at "White Hall" in 1^7.

We get a view of some church officials in 1706 from the records
of St. Anne's Church.

On Easter Monday, April 19, 1756, at the parish church, there
were present Dr. Richard Tootell, Mr. Thomas Beale Dorsey, Mr.
Robert Swan, Mr. James Maccubin and Mr. William Roberts, of the
vestry, and sundry parishioners, who went through the usual vestry
election and selected Mr. Lancelot Jaques and Mr. Richard Mackubin
church wardens to fill the expired terms of Messrs. Thornton and
Woodward. Mr. Alexander Warfield, son of Richard, and Dr. George
Stewart were made vestrymen in the place of Dr. Tootell and Mr.
Dorsey. At that meeting of the vestry the following list of bachelors
was returned to the vestry, to be taxed for the support of the church:

218 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Those possessing £100 and less than £300, were Mr. Rezin Gaither,
at Mrs. Ehzabeth Gaithers, at the head of the Severn; Mr. Emanuel
Marriott, at his father's, Mr. Joseph Marriott; Mr. Caleb Davis, at
Mr. Philip Hammond's. Those possessing over £300 were Mr. Zach-
ariah Hood; Charles Carroll, barrister; Mr. William Gaither, at the
head of the Severn; Mr. Charles Hammond, son of Phihp. The
Register also added that His Excellency Horatio Sharpe and Rev.
John MacPherson were bachelors, but he did not count them.

After qualifying according to law the vestry proceeded to nom-
inate and recommend the following persons for Inspectors of tobacco
for the ensuing year, viz : Mr. Moses Mackubin and Mr. Richard Mac-
kubin for the port of Annapolis, Mr. Augustine Gambrill, Mr, Joseph
Sewell, Mr. Richard Warfield, Jr., and Mr. John Hall for Indian
Landing. It was then ordered that the tobacco in the hands of the
Sheriff, belonging to the vestry, be sold at public vendue, on
Wednesday next and that the Register set up notices for the same.
The tobacco sold at sixteen-ninth pence per hundred.

Mr. Alexander Warfield was ordered, in 1758, to have a window
cut in the chapel at the expense of the vestry and to see that the
stones in the aisles were relaid.

At the outbreak of the Revolution, St. Anne's Church had
become quite dilapidated, but it still held a communion plate of solid
silver, made by Francis Garthorne, engraved with the arms of Wil-
liam III. This is still a cherished memorial in the present magnifi-
cent building, which is the third upon its historic site. It also has
two Bibles, the gifts of General John Hammond, its vestryman of
1704 and Mrs. Henrietta Maria Dorsey, wife of Captain Edward.
Its stone font is the work of Rinehart. Its burial ground is now
occupied by the city streets, but in its capacious circle, now enclosed
by an iron railing, we may still read some records of historic
interest. "Here lieth Rebecca, wife of Daniel Dulany, fourth
daughter of Colonel Walter Smith;" "Margaret Carroll, relict of
Charles Carroll, (barrister) of Annapolis and daughter of Matthew
Tilghman— born 1742, died 1817." "Henry Ridgely, died 1700;"
General John Hammond, 1707; Nicholas Gassaway, 1711. Upon
a slab of white marble with a griffin rampant, surrounded by fleur
de-lis, the following inscription is preserved:

" Here lieth interred the body of Mr. Amos Garrett, of the city
of Annapolis, in Anne Arundel County, in the Province of Maryland,
merchant, son of Mr. James and Mrs. Sarah Garrett, late of St. Olive
Street, Southwork, then in the Kingdom of England, now a part of
Great Britain, who departed this life on March 8, 1727, Aetatis 56."

The bell given by Queen Anne was destroyed in the fire of 1858.
The present building dates from the same year. Its north grounds
have elevated memorials, also, to WilHam Bladen, who died 1718,
aged forty-eight; to Benjamin Tasker, Jr., late Secretary of Mary-
land, who died 1760, in his thirty-ninth year and to Hon. Benjamin
Tasker, Sr., President of the Council, who died 1768, aged seventy-
eight.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 219

St. James Parish, Herring Creek, noted further on " Old Brick
Churches," discarded its brick church of 1718 and rebuilt one in
1760, which is still standing. It is nearly square, with a hip-roof,
like that on the present All Hallows, which dates from 1722, but while
the latter is open inside to the roof, St. James has a vaulted ceiling
spanning and slanting off at the ends to harmonize with the confor-
mation outside. There are two aisles and three sections of square
pews with doors. The windows with their deep embrasures are
rounded at the top and in most of them the small panes are preserved.
There are two stained glass windows in the chancel and-the corners
near it are boxed off into vestry-room and choir, A^ich necessary
contrivances mar the effect of the otherwise perfect interior; they,
moreover, hide the tablets containing the Lord's Prayer and the
Creed, which, with the Ten Commandments covering the space
between the chancel windows, were probably procured with the legacy
of £10 given in 1723, by the wife of William Locke, Esq., "toward
adorning the Altar of St. James with Creed, Lord's Prayer and Ten
Commandments. ' '

William Locke also gave money for a silver basin or baptismal
font, which is now one of the four pieces, of which the church plate
consists. It bears the date of 1732, and also the donor, with the word
" Armigeri" after it.

The alms basin was the gift of the rector, Rev. Henry Hall, who
died in 1723. The other pieces look as if they might be of earlier date.
The records also show that whipping posts and stocks were then in
order.

Rev. Henry Hall lies in St. James church-yard, under a hori-
zontal slab mounted on a brick foundation. Another slab, flat to
the ground, is in honor of Hon. Seth Biggs, Esq., who died 1708,
aged fifty-five years. ^,., ,^,

KING WILLIAM'S SCHOOL, NOW ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE.

The first dates from 1696; the second from 1785. The trustees
of the first were Governor Francis Nicholson, Hon. Sir Thomas
Lawrence, Colonel George Robothan, Colonel Charles Hutchins,
Colonel John Addison, Rev. Divine, Mr. Peregrine Coney, Mr. John
Hewitt, Mr. Robert Smith, Kenelym Cheseldyne, Henry Coursey,
Edward Dorsey, Thomas Ennals, Thomas Tasker, Francis Jenkins,
William Dent, Thomas Smith, Edward Boothy, John Thompson and
John Bigger, gentlemen.

It stood upon a lot given by Governor Nicholson, on the south
side of the State House, the spot of the DeKalb Statue. It gave the
name to School Street. It was completed in 1701. The earhest
rector was Rev. Edward Butler, rector of St. Anne's and master of
the free school in Annapolis. Its records are meager, but WilHam
Pinkney was educated there.

In 1785, the property of King William's School was conveyed
to St. John's College. Among the list was a number of " quaint and
curious volumes of forgotten lore," which still remain in the library

220 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

of St. John's. Governor Eden, early after his arrival, strongly
recommended an institution of learning which would preclude the
necessity for crossing the ocean to obtain an education. Governor
Bladen's unfinished residence was selected as its site. The war
intervened, but at its close the Legislature passed a wise and public-
spirited act of incorporation, granting, if located in Annapolis, four
acres purchased by Governor Bladen, from Stephen Bordley, for his
public residence. The sum of £1,750 annually and forever was
granted as a donation. A committee of the Board of Visitors, viz:
James Brice, Charles Wallace, Richard Sprigg, Thomas Hyde and
Thomas Harwood, announced in 1789, the appointment of John
McDowell, A.M., Professor of Mathematics. His name to-day, is
perpetuated in McDowell Hall. In 1806, the Legislature repealed
its charter in the face of an eloquent appeal from William Pinkney,
in which he said: "The day which witnessed the degradation of St.
John's College would prove the darkest day Maryland has known."
In 1832, the sum of £3,000 was given, providing the Board
would accept it in full satisfaction for any claim it might have against
the State. Thus, has the college lived for a century, during which
time it has presented a long array of Maryland's most honored sons,
who started out from its halls. Its present able President, Dr. Fell
is holding it to its purpose with success.

ANTE-REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS.

We have now reached the close of our Provincial era. Busy
preparations for an independent nation are at hand. The causes
which led to the Revolution are known to every school boy, but the
part that Maryland took in that Revolution has never had its just
recognition.

In Bancroft's voluminous history, of eight large volumes, not
more than a half-dozen pages are given to a notice of Maryland's
share in the great work. Even this slight notice is in detached para-
graphs of deprecatory allusions to the influence of "its profligate
Lord Proprietary," in shaping the conservatism of the State. Though
Maryland, through Thomas Johnson, had nominated George Wash-
ington as Commander-in-Chief, it is there recorded as the wish of the
East. Chase, whose wisdom was felt in every convention, only
received a passing word of commemoration. Maryland, it is true,
penetrated the disguise of patriotism which enveloped our English
General, Charles Lee and became indignant, when such a man
had tried to depose her respected Governor Eden, but her
conservatism stood not in the way, after it was seen, that the cause
of defense could be made one of independence. When that hour
had dawned, her spirit of devotion became manifest. Like others,
Maryland had hoped for the recovery of American rights through
the blockade of trade, but now in a convention of fifty-five members
from sixteen counties, it "resolved unanimously to resist to the
utmost of their power, taxation by Parliament, or the enforcement of

Founders OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 221

the penal acts against Massachusetts." Charles Carroll, disfran-
chised, was placed on her committee of correspondence. Chase,
strong, downright brave and persevering, vehement even to a fault,
won the confidence of the people. Her delegates to that Convention
in April, 1775, had been instructed to proceed "even to the last
extremity, if indispensably necessary for the safety and preserva-
tion of their liberties and privileges."

On 26th of July, following, the Convention at Annapolis
resolved fully to sustain Massachusetts and to meet force by force.
It saw " no alternative, but base submission or manly resistance and
it approved by arms its opposition to British troops." It directed
the enrollment of forty companies of minute men; authorized one
quarter of a million of currency to be raised; extended its franchise;
and recognizing the Continental Congress it managed the affairs of
the State through a "Council of Safety" and subordinate Executive
Committees in every county of the State.

At a meeting of the voters of Anne Arundel County, in 1774, it
was resolved, "That Thomas Dorsey, John Hood, Jr., John Dorsey,
Philip Dorsey, John Burgess, Thomas Sappington, Ephraim Howard,
Caleb Dorsey, Richard Stringer, Reuben Meriweather, Dr. Charles
A. Warfield, Edward Gaither, Jr., Greenberry Gaither, Elijah Robos-
son, Thomas Mayo, James Kelso, Benjamin Howard, Ely Dorsey,
Sr., Mark Brown Sappington, Brice T. B. Worthington, Charles Car-
roll, barrister; John Hall, William Paca, Thomas Johnson, Jr.,
Matthias Hammond, Charles Wallace, Richard Tootell, Thomas
Harwood, Jr., John Davidson, John Brice, John Weems, Samuel
Chew, Thomas Sprigg, Gerard Hopkins, Jr., Thomas Hall, Thomas
Harwood, West River; Stephen Steward, Thomas Watkins, Thomas
Belt, the third, Richard Green and Stephen Watkins be a committee
to represent and act for this county and city, to carry into execution
the association agreed on by the American Continental Congress."

On 26th of July, 1775, at Annapolis, a temporary form of gov-
ernment was established, which endured until the Constitution of
1851 was adopted. In this action Maryland moved solely by its own
volition. Charles Carroll, of Carrollton and Charles Carroll,
barrister, were members of the Committee of Safety, from
Annapolis City.

The new Government of Maryland, which succeeded the
exciting Administration of Governor Eden, showed a gloomy
prospect in its early hours of the Revolutionary struggle.

The Council of Safety in its address to the Maryland Delegates
recorded, " Our people are very backward in carrying the New Gov-
ernment into execution. Anne Arundel County has named no elec-
tors to the Senate — nor any committee of observation — none of the
Judges attended and very few people. The city of Annapolis has
not named any Elector and we expect news of the same kind from
other places." But when once awakened to the necessity of defence,
the people of Anne Arundel faltered not, as will be seen in the records
that follow. Ordered, " That the Treasurer of the Western Shore pay

222 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

to Dr. Charles Alexander Warfield, £400 to enable him to carry on a
crude Nitre manufactory."

At a meeting of Delegates appointed by the several counties of
Annapolis, on 26th of July, 1775, were Samuel Chase, Thomas John-
son, John Hall, Dr. Ephraim Howard, Charles Carroll, barrister;
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton; Thomas Dorsey, Thomas Tillard and
John Dorsey. Upon an adjournment to Thursday, July 27th, there
were present, William Paca and Rezin Hammond, for Anne Arundel.
. At a meeting of the inhabitants of Anne Arundel, on January
1775, the following were appointed upon the committee of observa-
tion, with full power to rule the county. They were Brice T. B.
Worthington, John Hall, Matthias Hammond, Philemon Warfield,
Nicholas Worthington, Thomas Jennings, Thomas Dorsey, John
Hood, Jr., John Dorsey, Philip Dorsey, Ephraim Howard, Caleb
Dorsey, Jr., Richard Stringer, Reuben Meriweather, Charles War-
field, Edward Gaither, Jr., Greenberry Ridgely, Ely Dorsey, John
Burgess, Michael Pue, Edward Norwood, James Howard, Henry
Ridgely, William Hammond, Thomas Hobbs, John Dorsey, son of
Michael; Brice Howard, Edward Dorsey, son of John; Amos Davis,
Elisha Warfield, John Dorsey, son of Severn John; Samuel Dorsey,
son of Caleb; Joshua Griffith, Vachel Howard, Charles Hammond,
son of John; Thomas Mayo.

On Friday, July 28th, Brice Thomas Beale Worthington was
present for Anne Arundel and on Saturday, 29th, Matthias Hammond
represented Anne Arundel.

" Resolved by the " Association of Freemen," on July 26, 1775,
That four companies of Minute Men be raised in Anne Arundel, of
sixty-eight men beside^ officers."

Thus was the ball set in motion for that year.

J776.

On January 20th it was resolved that registers of the Commis-
saires and Land Office and Clerks of the Provincial Court of Anne
Arundel immediately furnish the Council of Safety with lists of
record books in their respective offices and prepare for removal of
the records and papers to such place as shall be directed by said
Council."

Mr. John Brice delivered the Court and land record books and
and judgment books.

" Resolved, That Charles Carroll, of " Carrollton," Thomas Dor-
sey and John Weems collect all the gold and silver that can be gotten
in Anne Arundel in exchange for continental money for the use of
Congress."

In 1776 commissions were issued by the Council of Safety to
Thomas Tillard, First Major, and to Joseph Galloway, Second Major
of the South River Battalion of Militia; Pollard Edmondson, Third
Lieutenant in Fourth Independent Company; to Henry Hanslap,
Captain; John Worthington (of Brice), First Lieutenant; Nicholas

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 223

Worthington, Second Lieutenant, and Gilbert Guldhall, Ensign of
the Severn Militia,

" Ordered, That the records be removed to Rezin Gaither's house
and there committed to the care of the clerks of Mr. John Brice."

The Council then sent a notice to Congress that gold and silver
cannot be procured from the people without cash in Continental
money.

Commissions issued to Joseph Maccubin, First Lieutenant, and
Joshua Cromwell, Second Lieutenant, and Benjamin Wright, Ensign
in Anne Arundel Militia. To Joseph Burgess, First Lieutenant; John
Norwood, Second Lieutenant, and Thomas Cornelius Howard,
Ensign in Captain Brice Howard's Company of Militia in Anne
Arundel County. To Richard Weems, Captain; Gideon Dare, First
Lieutenant; Joseph Allingham, Second Lieutenant, and Benjamin
Harrison, Ensign of a company of militia in Anne Arundel.

The Council then corresponded with Mr. Samuel Dorsey, of
Belmont, upon the subject of furnishing tents for the militia. Mr.
Stephen Steward, of Anne Arundel, was requested to purchase the
necessary militia stores of Annapolis Hospital according to the memo-
randum furnished by Dr. Tootell.

Colonel Thomas Dorsey, as one of the field officers of the Elk
Ridge Battalion, recommended Levin Lawrence as First Lieutenant,
Thomas Todd, Second Lieutenant, under Captain Thomas Watkins,
Jr., of Colonel Weems' Battalion, agreeable to a resolve of the
Convention.

John Weems, Richard Harwood, Jr., and Joseph Galloway, Field
Officers, recommended Thomas Watkins as Captain and John I.
Ijams as Ensign in one of the companies /to be raised in Anne
Arundel.

John Hall, Delegate of Anne Arundel, refused the office of Judge
of Admiralty.

Samuel Barber, Adjutant of the Severn Battalion, was paid £20
for four months' service.

Commission issued to Thomas Mayo, Second Lieutenant in
Captain John Boone's Company of Militia — Anne Arundel.

" Resolved, That the record books be removed from Annapolis
on Wednesday next, if fair, to Mr. William Brown's house in London
Town, and thence to Upper Marlborough, and that two gentlemen
of the Committee of Observation be requested to attend the records.

Commission issued to Thomas Watkins, Captain; Thomas Noble
Stockett, First Lieutenant; Samuel Watkins, Second Lieutenant;
and William Harwood, Ensign of Company of militia of South River.
To Abraham Simmons, Captain; Thomas Tongue, First Lieutenant;
Thomas Morton, Second Lieutenant, and Abell Hill, Ensign of South
River Company of Militia. To James Tootell, Captain; Philemon
Warfield, First Lieutenant; Lancelot Warfield, Second Lieutenant,
and Thomas Warfield, Ensign, of Company of Militia of the Severn.
To George Watts, Captain; David Kerr, First Lieutenant; Joseph
Maccubin, Second Lieutenant; Joshua Cromwell, Ensign, of Com-

224 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. ,

pany of Militia of Anne Arundel. To Vachel Gaither, Captain;
Absalom Anderson, First Lieutenant; Stephen Bosford, Second Lieu-
tenant, and Thomas Fowler Bosford, Ensign, of Company belonging
to the Severn Battalion of Militia.

Ordered, That Colonel John Hall, of Anne Arundel, be requested
to detach a company of militia to guard the coast from Thomas Point
to Horn Point.

Ordered, That all citizens between Annapolis and St. Mary's
County be requested to give aid in getting the cannon and ammuni-
tion to St. George's Island in this county.

Commission issued to John Bullen, Captain; Benjamin Harwood,
First Lieutenant of Independent Company of Militia in Anne Arundel
Coimty. Anne Arundel Militia, Elk Ridge Battalion: Thomas Dor-
sey, Colonel; Mr. John Dorsey, Lieutenant Colonel; Dr. C. A. War-
field, First Major; Mr. Edward Gaither, Jr., Second Major; Benjamin
Howard, Quartermaster. Severn Battalion: John Hall, Colonel;
Rezin Hammond, Lieutenant Colonel; Nicholas Worthington, First
Major; Elijah Robosson, Second Major; Worthington Hammond,
Quartermaster. South River: John Weems, Colonel; Richard Har-
wood, Jr., Lieutenant Colonel; John Thomas, First Major; Thomas
Tillard, Second Major; Ed, Tillard, Quartermaster.

Passing over the busy preparations of the "Council of Safety,"
now at the helm, I will enter now upon the birth of our statehood
through the administration of our governors, all of whom helped to
make the history of Anne Arundel County. To these will be added
the biographies of those families who have been makers of the history
of both counties.

GOVERNOR THOMAS JOHNSON.

Thomas Johnson, first Governor of Maryland, was born in Calvert
County, Maryland, on November 4, 1732. He was the son of Thomas
and Dorcas (Sedgwick) Johnson, and grandson of Thomas Johnson,
of Yarmouth, who came in 1660. He was a descendant of Sir Thomas
Johnson, of Great Yarmouth. The family had been members of
Parliament since 1585. Dorcas (Sedgwick) Johnson was the daughter
of Joshua, whose granddaughter married John Quincey Adams.

Removing to Frederick County, their son Thomas was there
educated. At an early age he was sent to Annapolis and was
employed in the office of the Provincial Court. There he studied law,
with Mr. Bordley, rising at once to distinction. He was a member
of the First Continental Congress and upon every important commit-
tee. His speech against the Stamp Act, full of patriotism, carried
conviction. Upon his motion, George Washington was made Com-
mander-in-Chief of the American forces in the United Colonies. He
served until the 9th of November, 1776 upon the Committee of the
Constitution; he was appointed by Congress Brigadier-General of
the Frederick Militia, which was with Washington in the Jerseys,
and whilst in the field was elected Governor, 13th of February, 1777,

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 225

to succeed the Council of Safety. He was inaugurated 21st March,
1777, at the State House, Annapohs, as the first Repubhcan Governor
of Maryland. A great concourse of patriotic Marylanders witnessed
the ceremony; three volleys were fired by the soldiers, with a salute
of thirteen guns, followed by a sumptuous dinner and a ball at night.

Governor Johnson's first proclamation, calling out the militia,
was in these words: "To defend our liberties requires our exertions;
our wives, our children and our coimtry implore our assistance.
Motives amply sufficient to arm every one who can be called a
man." The interior counties answered promptly. The Maryland
Line was then engaged at Staten Island. Busy times had now
dawned, and . Governor Johnson had almost dictatorial authority.
The severe winter at Valley Forge had exhausted both magazines
and supplies, and to keep up the necessary aid for the Quartermaster
required the utmost energy of the Governor, yet by the middle of
June the Maryland Line had its complement.

During his second term the contest between the House of Bur-
gesses, which demanded higher pay and the Senate, which was too
aristocratic to grant it, grew almost as exciting as the war in the field.
Though Charles Carroll, of "Carrollton," made a forcible speech in
opposition to granting the additional increase, the House was vic-
torious. During that term, also, the first naturalization laws were
passed. At the close of his second term, the limit of his eligibility,
Governor Johnson was succeeded by Governor Thomas Sim Lee, in
1779. The General Assembly, upon his retirement, transmitted to
him the following address:

" The prudence, assiduity, firmness and integrity with which you
have discharged in times most critical, the duties of your late
important station, have a just claim to our warm acknowledgement
and sincere thanks."

He retired to Fredericktown but was soon returned to the House
of Delegates; was appointed Chief Judge of the General Court and
afterwards Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of United States.

He resigned it 1793, because of ill-health and for the same cause
declined a position in Washington's Cabinet, but did accept the office
of Commissioner of Washington City, in which he laid out the plans
and fixed the site of the Capitol, President's house and other
buildings.

He retired to "Rose Hill," near Frederick, the country-seat of
his son-in-law. Colonel John Grahame, in October, 1819. His wife,
whom he had married in 1766, was Ann Jennings, only daughter of
Thomas Jennings, of Annapohs, who died early, leaving five children.
His daughter, Ann Jennings Johnson, became Mrs. John Grahame,
with whom he spent the last days of his life.

In 1800, Governor Johnson performed his last public act at
Frederick, in the delivery of an eulogy upon Washington. He was
of middle stature, slender in person, with keen, penetrating eyes and
an intelligent countenance. He had a warm, generous heart, and
was a kind husband and father. He died October 26, 1819, at " Rose

226 Founders op Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Hill," eighty-seven years of age, and, before an immense conclave of
citizens, was buried in the Episcopal burial ground of Frederick over-
looking a beautiful valley. " Between the hills of Linganore and
Catoctin, he sleeps long and well."

When John Adams was asked why so many Southern men held
leading positions, he replied, "If it had not been for such men as
Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Chase and Thomas
Johnson, there never would have been any revolution."

Governor Johnson's portrait, taken when young, hangs in the
State House at Annapolis. The late Mrs. Ross, his granddaughter,
by will, has made the Maryland Historical Society guardian of all his
public papers and mementoes, until the home of his adoption shall
prepare a suitable place for their safe keeping.

Colonel Baker Johnson, son of Governor Thomas Johnson, was
a member of the Convention of Maryland, which met in Annapolis
21st June, 1776. He commanded a battahon at Paoli, near Phila-
delphia. His wife was Catharine Worthington, daughter of Colonel
Nicholas and Catharine (Griffith) Worthington, of "Summer Hill,"
Anne Arundel. Their daughter, Catharine Worthington Johnson,
married William Ross, an eminent lawyer of Frederick.

Charles Worthington Johnson, son of Colonel Baker Johnson,
married Elinor Murdock Tyler, of Frederick. Their son is General
Bradley Tyler Johnson, late of Virginia. Mrs. Colonel Dennis, of
Frederick, is a granddaughter.

GOVERNOR THOMAS SIM LEE.

Thomas Sim Lee, second and seventh Governor of Maryland,
born in Maryland, 1743, descended from Colonel Richard Lee, the
progenitor of Virginia, through his grandson, Philip Lee, who came
to Maryland. Thomas Sim Lee was the son of Thomas and Christian
(Sim) Lee, daughter of Dr. Patrick Sim and Mary Brooke, great-
granddaughter of Robert Brooke, the commander.

Thomas Sim Lee was educated in Europe. In 1777, October
27, he was married to Miss Mary Digges. In November 8, 1779, he
was elected Governor to succeed Thomas Johnson. His opponent
was Revolutionary Edward Lloyd.

Governor Lee's proclamation upon the urgent necessity of
supplying flour and forage for the army enjoined all justices, sheriffs
and their deputy constables, to exert themselves in procuring pro-
visions. The effect of the proclamation was instantaneously success-
ful and provisions were sent to the needy army. The Legislature also
passed an act calling into service 1,400 men to serve three years, or
during the war, at the end of which term recruits were to receive
fifty acres of land, whilst the county Courts were authorized to draw
upon their county treasurers for the maintenance of the needy
families of these recruits. Colonel Wilhams wrote from the South
concerning our Maryland troops in these words:

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, 227

"Absolutely without pay, almost destitute of clothing, often
with only half ration and never a whole one, not a soldier was heard
to murmur."

Colonel Otho Holland Williams was then placed at the head of
the brigade of the Maryland Line, and from it four companies of
picked men were made into a light infantry battalion under,
Lieutenant-Colonel John Eager Howard. The Maryland troops now
arrived and filled the gap made by the withdrawal of Colonel Howard's
battalion.

When the State was thus embarrassed to meet the demands of
the army, the Legislature, under Governor Lee, set an example by
subscribing each according to his means, a magnificent sum, which
had its effect in corresponding subscriptions throughout the State.
Governor Lee's uncle, Joseph Sim, contributed 500 hogsheads of
tobacco. The prompt and generous response of the planters of
Maryland, many of whom were equally as liberal, saved the army.

A Congressional Committee having been appointed in June, 1780,
to urge the Governors of each State to call out an additional quota
of troops and supplies. General Washington accompanied their
appeal by a letter asking for immediate attention. Maryland's
quota was four regiments of 2,205, to he located at the head of the
Elk River. Governor Lee immediately laid it before the Assembly.
The reply of that Assembly deserves to be written in letters of gold.

"We propose to exert our utmost endeavors to raise 2,000
regulars, to serve during the war. It will be necessary to draw from
our battalions under Baron de Kalb a number of officers to command,
form and discipline these new recruits."

General Washington, having accepted this proposal, the Assem-
bly issued this stirring appeal:

"Rise into action with that ardor which led you, destitute of
money, of allies, of arms and soldiers, to encounter one of the most
powerful nations of Europe, single and unsupported, raw and
undisciplined, you baffled for three successive years the repeated
attacks — now, when strengthened by a mighty alliance, shall we
droop and desert the field to which honor, the strongest ties, the
dearest interests of humanity unite us? We have hitherto done our
duty; the General has acknowledged our exertions, and we entreat
you by all that is dear to freemen not to forfeit the reputation you
have so justly acquired.

"Our army is weak, and reinforced it must be. Let us, like the
Romans of old, draw new resources and an increase of courage even
to brave defeats, and manifest to the world that we are the most to
be dreaded when most depressed."

To this eloquent appeal, Maryland made a noble response.
Recruits, provisions and supplies of all kinds, were offered and at the
required time her quota of 2,065 gallant men had been added to the
Continental Army. To the South all eyes were now directed, for
Gates, whose laurels had been won in the North, was now about to
cast the darkest shadows of gloom upon his campaign in the South.

228 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

In the following August came the announcement which General
Washington transmitted in September to Governor Lee. "Sir, In
consequence of the disagreeable intelligence of the defeat of the
army under Major General Gates, which I have just received, I think
it expedient to countermand the march of the troops who were
ordered from Maryland to join the main army. I am, therefore, to
request your Excellency to give directions for the regiment enlisted
to serve during the war, as well as for all recruits, as soon as they
can possibly be collected and organized, to march immediately to
the southward, and put themselves under the orders of the com-
manding officer in that department. And I can not entertain a
doubt that your Excellency and the State will use every exertion to
give activity and dispatch to the march of the troops with all
measures necessary for the protection of the Southern States."

Governor Lee sent in answer to this demand, seven hundred
rank and file to the Southern Army.

Nor did the patriotic efforts end with her public men. Mrs.
Mary Lee, wife of the Governor, as the representative of the volun-
tary efforts of the patriotic women of Maryland, wrote to Washington
for advice as to the most acceptable mode of expending the contribu-
tions of these organizations.

The following reply shows his appreciation :

Head Quarters, 11th October, 1780
Madam:

" I am honored with your letter of the 27th of September, and
cannot forbear taking the earliest moment to express the high sense
I entertain of the patriotic exertions of the women of Maryland in
favor of the army. In answer to your inquiry respecting the disposal
of the gratuity, I must take the liberty to observe that it appears to
me the money which has been, or may be collected, can not be
expended in so eligible and beneficial a manner as in the purchase of
shirts and black stocks for the use of the troops in the Southern Army.
The polite offer you are pleased to make of your further assistance
in the execution of this liberal design, and the generous disposition
of the ladies, insures me of its success and cannot fail to entitle both
yourself and them the warmest gratitude of those who are the object
of it."

General Greene having now, October 5, 1780, superceded General
Gates, on his way South, stopped at Annapolis and with a letter of
introduction from General Washington to Governor Lee, waited
upon him and was entertained at his house. Having urged both the
Governor and the Legislature to assist him in recruiting the army,
and trusting them to furnish "all the assistance in their power,"
leaving General Gist to take charge of Maryland and Delaware recruits,
General Greene pushed on South.

In 1780, the House again brought forth "An Act to seize,
confiscate and appropriate all British property within the State,"
followed by an appeal and an indictment against the British Govern-
ment in its mode of carrying on the war. Charles Carroll, of "Car-

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 229

roUton" and Joseph Sim, the uncle of Governor Lee, were both
opposed to confiscation, deeming it inexpedient, yet so great was the
necessity of the occasion, the Senate yielded and passed it. Thus,
with an increase of ten million of dollars to carry on the war; with
its Governor exerting every nerve to keep up the quota of the State,
Maryland stood in the foreground of the perilous period, claiming
one-half of the army then in General Greene's service in the South.
Discouragement sat supreme mistress over National and State
prospects, yet in the midst of this gloom, two heroic figures rose
above the trials. Greene at the front and Lee, at Annapolis, with
Otho Williams and John Eager Howard in the command of the
Maryland Line. Upon these four men, sustained and sootjaed by
the unfaltering patriotism of the Maryland Assembly, resf^ to-day
most of the glory of that masterly campaign, of the South, begun
in gloom, carried on by retreats, unfaltering in every trial, but
ending at last in a well-earned, glorious fruition.

General Greene in his official report of Eutaw vSprings, said :
"The Marylanders under Colonel Williams, were led on to a brisk
charge, with trailed arms, through a heavy cannonade and a shower
of musket balls. Nothing could excell the gallantry and firmness of
both officers and soldiers upon this occasion. I cannot help acknowl-
edging my obligations to Colonel Williams for his great activity on
this and many other occasions, in forming the army, and for his
uncommon intrepidity in leading on the Maryland troops to the
charge, which exceeded anything I ever saw."

In 1781, the people of Dorchester County, through their com-
mittee, Robert Goldsborough and Gustavus Scott, having addressed
Governor Lee for assistance in arms and ammunition necessary for
their militia, to meet the ever present demands for protection from
maraudings. Governor Lee laid the subject before the Legislature,
and they passed "an Act to collect arms."

In February, 1781, Governor Lee received from General Wash-
ington information of the movement of Lafayette's corps through
Maryland and requesting his assistance in furnishing the necessar}^
provisions, forage, wagons and vessels.

Governor Lee, upon Lafayette's arrival at the head of the Elk,
wrote to him. "We have ordered all the vessels at Baltimore and
this port to be impressed and sent to the head of the Elk to transport
the detachment imder your command, and have directed six hundred
barrels of bread to be forwarded ^o them. The State will most
cheerfully make every exertion to give force and efficacy to the
present important expedition by every measure in our power."

In another letter to Lafayette, the Governor added, "We have
prepared a dispatch boat to convey your letter to the Commanding
Officer, near Portsmouth, which will be sent off as soon as the winds
will permit; and have given directions to the Master to throw it
overboard if he should be in danger of being taken."

The Governor and Council also dispatched a messenger down
the bay to give information of the arrival of the French fleet and

230 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

beacon signals were raised for the shores. A chain of riders were to
go through the State as special messengers.

The pressing needs of the State were now to be seen in Gov-
ernor Lee's letter to the citizens of Baltimore, who had come to his
assistance in supplying the wants of Lafayette's corps. "We very
much applaud the zeal and activity of the gentlemen of Baltimore,
and think their readiness to assist the executive at a time when they
were destitute of the means of providing those things which were
immediately necessary for the detachment under the command of
the Marquis de Lafayette, justly entitle them to the thanks of the
public." " We cannot but approve of the proceedings of those gentle-
men and assure you we will adopt any expedient to prevent any
individual of that body from suffering or being in the least embarassed
by his engagements for the State. We think it reasonable the State
should pay the value of money advanced with interest thereon, and
will give an order on the collectors of Baltimore for their reimburse-
ment."

Governor Lee, also wrote to Governor Jefferson, of Virginia,
asking him to assist in sending the necessary transports to the head
of the Elk. Lafayette in his letter to Washington, acknowledged
Maryland's help as follows: "The State of Maryland have made me
every offer in their power; Mr. McHenry has been very active in
accelerating the measures of his State."

As a result, pretty much all of the necessary equipments and
nearly one hundred transports for Lafayette's corps, had come out
of Maryland, through her Governor and citizens.

The successful arrival of Lafayette's fleet in the harbor of
Annapolis, was on the 13th of March, and on the 15th, Governor
Lee announced to Governor Jefferson — "The arrival of our express,
with Your Excellency's letter of the 12th, this moment received,
gives me an opportunity of informing you, that all the transports
with the troops from Elk got safe into Harbor, on Tuesday morning,
March 13th." The next morning at daylight, two ships, apparently
British, of the rate of eighteen and twenty-eight guns, came to an
anchor opposite the mouth of our River Severn. We judged that
you would be anxious for the safety of the troops, but they are
fortunately safe and the armed vessels, which conveyed them down
are prepared for defence.

The French fleet's failure in arriving at Portsmouth led Lafayette
back to the Elk and the threatening attempts in the Chesapeake
became now the paramount concern of Governor Lee and his council.
Baltimore took advantage of the Legislature's "Act to embody a
number of select militia and for immediately putting the State in a
proper posture of defence." The Western Shore was authorized to
select 1,200 men and the Eastern Shore 800 militia — subject to the
call of the Governor — all in addition to the Act " to procure recruits,"
amounting to 1,000 men for the war, which was supplemented by
another "for the defence of the bay," which enabled the Governor
to purchase a galley, and have one built, equipped and manned. He

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, 231

was also empowered to fit out barges to the number of eight. In
April, Governor Lee wrote to Lafayette upon the threatening attitude
of six of the enemy's ships upon the Potomac, in having destroyed
private property and now proceeding to Alexandria, with a view of
destroying it. " The Military stores and provisions at this place and
Baltimore town, must be a capital object, and as we have the
strongest reasons to think, as soon as they have perpetrated their
designs in Potomac, if not before, they will visit this city and
Baltimore. Under these circumstances, we beg leave to submit to
your consideration the propriety of detaining your detachment in
this State and marching such part as you may deem necessary, to
our assistance in Baltimore town and in this city."

Two days after. General Lafayette replied: "However inade-
quate I am to the defence of Annapolis, Baltimore and Alexandria
at once, I will hasten to the point that will be nearest to those three
places, I request your Excellency to furnish me speedy, minute and
frequent intelligence." "It will be necessary that a collection of
wagons and horses be made at Baltimore, and I beg your Excellency
will please order a quantity of live cattle and flour be also collected
at that place; I hope Sir, that precautions will be taken for the safety
of the stores now at or near Indian Landing."

Arriving at Baltimore a few days after, Lafayette borrowed
from its citizens, upon his own personal credit, for it was better than
that of Congress, the sum of ten thousand dollars for supplying his
army. Congress, however, in May following, in appreciation of
this generous act. Resolved, " That the Marquis de Lafayette be
assured that Congress will take the proper measures to discharge ^
the engagements he entered into with the merchants." In the old
Assembly room, of Baltimore, when the most distinguished ladies
and gentlemen of that city had honored him with a ball, he again
brought patriotism to the test in that memorable reply to the lady,
who asked the cause of his sadness, "I cannot enjoy the gayety of
the scene while so many of my poor soldiers are in want of clothes."
As the noble women of Baltimore lately met a similar call, so did
the words of a patriotic lady that historic night kindle the fire which
ceased not to burn until its necessity no longer existed. "We will
supply them," was the response and all history knows how well she
kept her promise. The ragged and wearied troops left Elk Ridge
Landing with new outfits and new hopes, but Marylanders were yet
once more to be called to the rescue.

Lafayette finding Cornwallis making an attempt to get in his
rear, felt he could not risk an engagement and so retreated toward
Maryland. Again the watchful eyes of Governor Lee were on the
outlook. Exhausted, but still patriotic, he addressed Congress thus:
"The extraordinary exertions made by this State on every occasion
in complying with the demands of Congress, the Marquis detach-
ment, the Southern Army, our militia and other expenditures have
altogether exhausted our treasury and stores of arms and clothing,
so that it is not in our power to furnish the troops with clothing and

232 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

arms, nor properly equip our militia to repel the enemy. Under
these distressing circumstances, we request you to make known our
wants to Congress in the most earnest manner and endeavor to
obtain the proportion of all clothing, arms, etc., that Congress now
or may hereafter have for this State."

On the following day, the Governor and Council sent out this
circular letter to the counties.

" From the intelligence we have received of the rapid movements
of the enemy in Virginia, we have reason to apprehend an invasion
of this State; and it will be necessary that every precaution be
taken preparative for our defence. We, therefore, request you to
order the militia in yoiu- coimty to hold themselves in perfect readi-
ness to march at a moment's warning to such places as may be
necessary, and to have all the arms in your county proper for defence,
immediately repaired and put in best condition, cartridges made and
everything ready to take the field." In answer to this urgent
appeal, Baltimore was put on the defence: Smallwood and Gist
collected the militia, which came pouring in from all the coimties.
Rushing these troops of horse and imequipped militia to the front,
Lafayette with Wayne's corps now turned upon the enemy marching
toward Richmond. Cornwallis began that retreat which was finally
to end in surrender.

In August, General Lafayette wrote to Governor Lee what his
apprehensions were, and Governor Lee in a letter to General Andrew
Buchanan in charge of the militia of Baltimore County, thus
expressed them:

"From information just received from Marquis and Dr.
McHenry, we are no longer in doubt of the designs of the enemy.
They are certainly destined for Baltimore Town or the head of the
Bay. Now must the State of Maryland exert herself. We confide
in your skill and activity. We have directed the Lieutenant of
Frederick County to order his troops of horse and all their select
militia to your assistance, and have enclosed commission for troops.
The Marquis with his army is moving this way. The Lieutenant of
Harford has directions to order the militia of that coimty to be in
readiness to march when ordered." At the same time. Governor
Lee sent his information to the President of Congress, in which he
added that, "We have taken every possible precaution to prevent
the stores and provisions and valuable property belonging to the
Continent and State falling into their hands." However, both
General Lafayette and Governor Lee were mistaken as to the destina-
tion of Cornwallis. A destination to end in gloom — and Governor
Lee at once wrote to Colonel Samuel Smith at Baltimore, who
discharged the militia. As a fitting compliment and full appreciation
of the executive watchfulness of Governor Lee, let me quote the
words of General Washington to the Governor in reply to an earlier
letter of June 29th.

" I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency's
favor. It is with great satisfaction I observe the proceedings of

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 233

the general assembly of your State, which you have been pleased
to communicate to me, the exertions of that Legislature have hitherto
been laudable and I am exceedingly glad to see the same spirit still
prevailing. For my own part, I have not a doubt but that if the
States were to exert themselves with that spirit and vigor which
might reasonalby be expected at this favorable period, they might
not only drive from the Continent the remains of the British, but
obtain to themselves their independence, an event which you will
be assured I most evidently wish." Now began the the culmination
of vital movements in Maryland, which aided by the arrival of
French support was to bring out of trials the glory of results.

General Washington from afar off was mapping out the final
scene of tragedy, knowing that upon General Lafayette in Virginia
and Governor Lee in Maryland, all his plans would be carried out
and thus revealed his movements and thus were they carried out by
the Governor of Maryland, in his circular letter to the Commissaries
of the counties.

" A detachment of the main &TTny with the French troops to
the number of 7,000 men, will be at the head of the Elk, in eight
days, on their way to Virginia to act against Lord Cornwallis.
General Washington has written us very pressingly for an immediate
and large supply of fresh provisions, we therefore direct you to pro-
cure by purchase, beef cattle, preferring those parts of your country
which are most exposed to the ravages of the enemy; and in case the
owners will not consent to sell them upon the terms prescribed by
the Act for procuring an immediate supply of clothing and fresh
provisions, you will seize them agreeably to the Act, to procure a
supply of salt meat, passed June, 1780." Five thousand seven
hundred cattle were enumerated as the contributions from the
different counties, and minute directions for the storing of salt
provisions were made by the Governor together with specified
places for money contributions. In addition, warrants were issued
to the quarter masters empowering them to impress all vessels
capable of transporting troops or stores.

Nor did Governor Lee stop there, but in a letter to General
Washington, August 30th, thus assures him of his support : " We are
honored by your Excellency's letter of the 27th, and we receive with
the greatest satisfaction the intelligence of the approach of the fleet
of our generous ally. You may rely, Sir, on every exertion that is
possible for us to make, to accelerate the movements of the army on
an expedition, the success of which must hasten the establishment
of the independence of America and relieve us of the calamities of
war. Orders have been issued to impress every vessel belonging to
the State and forwarding them without delay to the head of the Elk,
but we are sorry to inform your Excellency that since the enemy has
had possession of the bay, our number of sea vessels and craft has
been so reduced by captures that we are apprehensive what remains
will not transport so considerable a detachment. We have directed
the State officers to procure immediately 5,000 cattle and a large

234 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

quantity of flour. There is very little salt provisions in the State;
what can be obtained, we trust will be collected." Then follows the
information as to the place of deposit.

To Robert Morris, Governor Lee wrote: "Everything that is
within our power and within the exhausted abilities of this State,
shall be done cheerfully and immediately to promote and render
effectual the expedition which his Excellency, General Washington,
has formed against the enemy in Virginia, in which we are fully
sensible, the care and safety of this State in particular is deeply
interested."

These were stirring days in Maryland. The arrival of Washing-
ton in Baltimore and the arrival of the French fleet in the Chesapeake
brought rays of hope and abounding patriotism. Governor Lee's
pen was almost incessantly at work urging the State officers to their
duty. Writes he again in a circular letter: "There never has been
a time which required of the State more than the present. The fate
of Lord Cornwallis and his army will, in a measure depend upon
them. Relying on your patriotism, zeal and activity, we trust you
will do everything in your power to procure the cattle here before
ordered. Not a moment is to be lost; and to enable you to act with
more facility and to ease the inhabitants, we have sent you: To
Somerset, £1,700; Worcester, £1,700; Dorchester, £1,100; Talbot,
£950; Caroline, £350; Queen Anne's, £950; Kent, £800; Cecil,
£950; Harford, £800; Baltimore, £1,100; Anne Arimdel, £500;
Prince George, £500; Charles, St. Mary's and Calvert, £500; Mont-
gomery, £800; Frederick, £1,100; Washington, £800."

Washington, having sent an urgent message to Governor Lee to
hurry on the troops with all despatch. Governor Lee, on September
9th replied, "Your Excellency's address of the 15th is this moment
presented to us. We are truly happy to be informed that the Count
DeGrasse is returned to his station and that our vessels may pass
down the bay without hazard. We feel your Excellency's distress
from an apprehension that your operations may cease or be impeded
for want of provisions, and the more so because we can't instantly
furnish you. In consequence of your requisition we directed our
commissaries to collect all the public flour and deposit it at conven-
ient places on navigable water, all the vessels of the State being
impressed and now employed in transporting the troops to the point
of destination, puts it out of our power to forward the flour on that
service. The number of beeves we agreed to furnish your Excellency
may depend upon."

The next day Governor Lee wrote to Colonel Moses Rawhngs,
of Frederick County, conveying the urgent necessity for haste in
collecting the stores and forwarding the same to Georgetown.

Thus in sight almost of the final and victorious end of a struggle
in which Governor Lee was the great war horse of the Revolution,
the closing acts of administration were recorded. Having served
his allotted time, WilHam Paca, at the next Assembly, was called to

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 235

the Governor's chair. The House and Senate, upon Governor Lee's
retirement, thus addressed him: ' ^"

"Your close attention to the pubUc welfare, and your firm,
unshaken conduct in times of greatest danger, are proofs that the
confidence of your country has not been misplaced. Accept this
public testimony of our appreciation and our sincerest thanks for the
zeal, activity and firmness with which you have so faithfully
discharged the duties of your station."

Governor Lee, in response said: "I feel myself happy in having
executed the powers intrusted to me to the satisfaction of my
country."

During the closing days of his term, Governor Lee entertained
with special ceremony, the French officers visiting Annapolis, and
for this the Assembly again addressed, in complimentary terms.
Governor Lee's munificent entertainments were a heavy drain upon
his income, and at his wife's suggestion, he declined another election.

"Lady Lee" was the name of his vessel launched at Annapolis.

Thomas Sim Lee was a delegate to the Continental Congress in
1783-4, and a member of the Convention which ratified the Constitu-
tion. In 1792 he was again called to the Governor's chair to fill the
unexpired term of Governor George Plater, who retired from ill-
health. This embraced the exciting whiskey insurrection in 1794,
during which he organized the militia and sent Maryland's quota to
the scene. He spent his declining years at " Needwood," Frederick
County, afterward the home of Mr. John Lee, his oldest son, and
grandfather of Ex-Governor John Lee Carroll. It is still the home-
stead of the Lee family, represented by Mr. Thomas Sim Lee, who
married a daughter of Mr. Columbus O'Donnell.

In 1812 Hon. Outerbridge Horsey, United States Senator from
Delaware, married Eliza, daughter of Thomas Sim Lee; Mrs.
Governeour was also a granddaughter.

Governor Lee died at "Needwood," November 9, 1819, in the
seventy-fifth year, in the same year and nearly the same month as that
of his predecessor. Governor Johnson.

^ GOVERNOR WILLIAM PACA.

William Paca, signer of Declaration and third Governor of
Maryland, was born October 31, 1740, at "Wye Hall," Harford
County, Maryland. He was the second son of John Paca; Bachelor
of Arts from a college in Philadelphia in 1758 he was admitted to
Middle Temple, London, after which he studied law with Stephen
Bordley. He was admitted to the bar in 1764. Early in life he was
sent to the Legislature, was a delegate to the Continental Congress
in 1774-1778, was appointed upon the Committee of Correspondence
in 1774, was in the Council of Safety in 1775. On August 2, 1776,
he affixed his signature to the Declaration of Independence; on
August 17, 1776 was elected on the Committee " to prepare a decla-
ration and charter of rights and a form of government for Maryland."
Upon the organization of the State he was elected to its first Senate.

236 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

In March, 1778, he was appointed Chief Judge of the General
Court of Maryland and held it until 1781; subsequently he was Chief
Judge of the Court of Appeals and Admiralty. In November, 1782,
he was elected the third Governor of Maryland to succeed Thomas
Sim Lee.

During Governor Paca's early administration General Greene
received from the General Assembly a flattering address upon his
masterly retreats which had proven to be victories, to be crowned,
still later, by the modest message from the Commander-in Chief, sent
by a Marylander, annoimcing the end of the struggle. It read :

" I have the honor to inform Congress that a reduction of the
British army under Lord Cornwallis, is most happily effected."

This message was placed in the hands of Colonel Tilghman, who
immediately started out for Philadelphia. At midnight the clatter
of his horse's hoofs was the only sound that woke the silence as he
rode rapidly to the house of the President of Congress with the
announcement "Cornwallis is taken." It was caught up by the
watchmen, who cried, " One o'clock, and Cornwallis is taken." The
inhabitants, pouring into the streets, sent shout after shout into the
air. The old bellman was aroused from his slumbers, and again the
same old bell proclaimed " Liberty throughout the land to all the
inhabitants thereof."

On April 12, 1783, Robert R. Livingston wrote to Governor Paca
asking his support to the stipulations of the treaty of peace.

On 22nd of April Governor Paca issued his proclamation
declaring a cessation of arms by sea and land, enjoining obedience to
the treaty. On 25th of November he addressed the sheriffs to read
the treaty in public places. At Annapolis, when the sheriff had
assembled the people and had read the treaty, thirteen cannon were
fired and a public dinner was given, at which Governor Paca presided.
Thirteen patriotic toasts were offered, each attended by the discharge
of thirteen cannon. At night the State House was illuminated and
a ball given to the ladies.

On May 6, 1783, Governor Paca placed before the General
Assembly the preliminary Articles of Peace, congratulating the
Assembly on the return of peace and paying a high tribute to the
army.

The old Maryland Line, five hundred strong, now returned in
rags. Brigadier-General Gist was in command.

General Greene wrote to Governor Paca repeating the high
compliment to The Maryland Line. General Greene's diary recorded,
" Left 26th, dined with the Governor, who is a very polite character
and a great friend of the army. We drank several toasts which were
accompanied by the discharge of thirteen cannon." He also
addressed a letter to Governor Paca thanking him for the support
of the Maryland troops.

In May, 1783, Congress left Princeton and in December assem-
bled at Annapolis by the invitation of the Governor and General
Assembly, the Governor giving up his house to the President of

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 237

Congress. His house stood on the northeast side of Prince George
near East Street, and was afterward held by Chancellor Bland. Its
garden, springhouse, expanse of trees, octagonal two-story summer-
house, representing "My Lady's Bower," with artificial brook, revealed
the happy life of that era.

On the 19th of December, General Washington arrived at
Annapolis. A public reception and a welcome by Governor Paca
followed. On 23rd December, 1783, General Washington laid down
his commission in the old Senate Chamber before Governor Paca and
his Council, the Assembly and general public, and on the 14th of
January, 1784, Governor Paca proclaimed to the people the treaty
of Peace as ratified by Congress.

Then was organized the order of the " Cincinnati," with Governor
Paca as a delegate.

Ex-Governor Eden having now returned and having made effort
to issue patents to parties who had taken out lands before his forced
exile, Governor Paca asked for an explanation and matters were
satisfactorily explained.

In 1781, Governor Paca, at the request of the Assembly,
employed Mr. Francis Deakins to survey lots of fifty acres for the
Maryland soldiers, west of Fort Cumberland.

Governor Paca was the special friend of Washington College and
secured its charter rights.

At the expiration of his term he was succeeded by Governor
William Smallwood, the war governor.

In 1774 Governor Paca was elected Vice-President of the Society
of the "Cincinnati" and a member of the Maryland Convention that
ratified the Constitution of the United States.

In December, 1789, he was appointed, by Washington, Judge of
the United States Court of the District of Maryland and served until
his death in 1799. His wife was Mary Chew, daughter of Samuel
and Henrietta Maria (Lloyd) Chew.

One of Governor Paca's daughters married Consul Roubelle, who,
with Napoleon, ruled France. Their son bore such a striking likeness
to the accepted ideals of our Saviour he was often called on by artists
to sit for such studies.

Governor faca's son, John, built the magnificent Paca home-
stead. He married Juliana Tilghman, now represented in the Razin
family of Kent County.

A striking portrait of Governor Paca hangs in the State House
at Annapolis. He died at his birth-place, a pure and zealous patriot
with a character that was spotless.

His widow became Mrs. Daniel Dulany, whose son Lloyd was v ^,.
slain in a duel with Rev. Bennett Allen, in a London park. _^ ''

GOVERNOR WILLIAM SMALLWOOD.

Governor William Smallwood, fourth Governor of Maryland, was
born in Kent County, Maryland, 1732. He was the son of Bayne
Smallwood, a merchant and large planter, who was presiding officer

238 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

in the Court of Common Pleas and a member of the House of
Burgesses. His mother was Priscilla Heaberd, of Virginia, a lady
of family and fortune.

At an early age he was sent to England to be educated. He
completed his education at Eton.

On April 24, 1775, Colonel Smallwood, with a command of 1,444
men, left Annapolis for Boston. Smallwood's command was
incorporated with Lord Stirling's brigade and was in the Battle of
Long Island.

The following tribute to our Marylanders who were with Stirling
at Long Island, is taken from the Century Magazine:

" Sullivan's division was in wild rout and Stirling's left had been
doubled back upon his centre, when he resolved upon a ghastly
sacrifice to save the flying, floundering columns. Changing front
and calling forward the remnant of the Maryland regiment — less than
four hundred lads, tenderly nurtured, who now, for the first time,
knew the rapture of battle — he hurled them against the iron wall
that Cornwallis had drawn about the Cortelyou house. Loud and
clear rang the shout of Mordecai Gist, " Close up! Close up!" They
drove the British advance back upon the Cortelyou house till
Cornwallis flung grape and cannister into their very faces. Every
page of sober history has its tribute of proud love for those heroic
lads, whose fate wrung from Washington his undying exclamation of
anguish — "Great God! what brave boys I must this day lose!"

Thus our Maryland boys covered themselves with glory by
repeated charges upon an overwhelming force. They practically
destroyed themselves to save the Continental Army. They made
five bayonet charges against Cornwallis' brigade. Upon the sixth
charge the brigade recoiled and gave way in confusion. The
Marylanders were outnumbered two to one.

Assaulted by Hessians, and a British brigade in the rear, Lord
Stirling, with a portion, surrendered, but three companies cut their
way through the British ranks, swam the creek and in that charge
the 400 lost 256 officers and men. They were engaged from sunrise
August 27, 1776, till the last gun was fired and maintained the battle
unaided against the brigades of the enemy. Four days later they
were at Fort Putnam, within two hundred and fifty yards of the
enemy's line.

Colonel Smallwood's regiment, in the following month, at
Washington's request after others had deserted him, covered
Washington's withdrawal into lines below Fort Washington. They
attacked the enemy, drove them from their position and were in full
pursuit when recalled.

Smallwood was engaged at White Plains. He met the
Hessians under Rawle, under the fire of fifteen British cannon;
Smallwood was wounded, and with a loss of 100 men, fell back in
good order.

The Maryland Line was at Trenton and Princeton. Washington's
record of them was, " Smallwood's troops had been reduced to a mere

L-'

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 239

handful of men, but they took part in the engagement with their
usual gallantry and won great renown."

The next campaign Maryland added 4,000 more to the army —
one-tenth of the whole army — and the Line was in October increased
by 2,000 more.

In August, 1777, they were at Staten Island, with the first brigade
under Smallwood. They took 141 British prisoners. The Line was
at Brandywine, on the right wing. At Germantown they advanced
with such resolution that British Light Infantry were driven from
the field and their encampment taken. They there received the
highest encomiums, and the gallant defence of Fort Mifflin closed the
year.

That winter Smallwood's men, of 1,400 in number, were stationed
at!Wilmington and there captured a British vessel.

In 1778, 2,902 more men were added to the army, whilst Count
Pulaski raised an independent corps in Maryland.

Smallwood was at Monmouth. The British were driven back
with a loss of 300 men killed outright. When Sir Henry Clinton left
the field for New York, in 1779, Smallwood, with The Maryland Line,
met the British at Scotch Plains and again drove them back.

In 1780 the Line marched south; Smallwood returned to Mary-
land and in ten days secured 700 non-commissioned officers and
privates. He was retained in the army as second in command.

For his action at Camden he received the thanks of Congress
and a promotion to Major-General. On account of a conflict of
authority and a personal dislike for Baron Steuben, General
Smallwood remained in Maryland.

In 1785, he was elected to Congress and in November of that
year, was made Governor to succeed William Paca. During Gov-
ernor Smallwood's administration, King William's School at Annapolis
was consolidated with St. John's College with £32,100 by private
subscription and an annual endowment of £1,750 sterling current
money.

The first movement for the improvement of the Potomac River
was begun by General Washington, in 1784, which ended in an
enactment, in 1785, the first internal improvement which after
repeated trials, ended in 1820, in the formation of the Canal.

The first steamboat upon the Potomac, the conception of
James Burney, was run from Shepardstown to Harpers Ferry,
during Governor Smallwood's term, in 1786. During his term
were adopted the methods of paying the National debt created by
the war.

The first navigation of the Chesapeake and Potomac led up to
the discussions which became the germs which brought forth a new
Constitution, upon the failures of the Federal compact; and in 1786,
at Annapolis, a Convention of five States made the move for a Con-
vention to revise the Federal Constitution. Maryland had declined
to be represented unless all the States agreed to send delegates.
The result of the Annapolis Convention was the united action of

240 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Maryland and Virginia in urging the Philadelphia Convention,
which gave us our new Constitution.

Governor Smallwood was succeeded in 1788, by Governor John
Eager Howard, his associate in revolutionary fame. Retiring to his
home, now in Charles County, he lived only four years, dying in 1792,
February 14th, at "Mattawoman," a celebrated colonial homestead,
built of English brick and is still standing lamenting the seeming
indifference of a busy age to the fate of dead heroes.

McSherry has said, "But the memory of Smallwood seems
nearly forgotten, and on his paternal estate now in the hands of
strangers, he sleeps in a lonely grave, by the waters of the Potomac,
almost in sight of the tomb of his great leader at Mt. Vernon, near
him in death as he adhered to him in life. Faithful, modest, brave,
and patient in life, he sleeps in death unhonored, without a tomb-
stone on the spot, or an enclosure to protect his last resting place
from desecration."

The Sons of the Revolution, since the above was written, have
erected a fitting memorial to the memory of the Maryland hero, in
the form of a granite tablet recording his deeds of valor. It stands
within a few yards of his old homestead, overlooking a vast stretch
of country. Governor Smallwood never married.

His only sister married Colonel William Grayson, of Virginia,
There were several sons and one daughter Mrs. Carter, of Kentucky,
whose sons were William Grayson and Alfred G. Carter. Alfred
Grayson married Miss Breckinridge, of Kentucky, aunt of Vice-
President John C. Breckinridge and left a son. Colonel John Breckin-
ridge Grayson, head of the Commissary in the Mexican War.

In 1827, it was found that Colonel William Grayson, eldest son
of William Grayson was entitled by entail to the whole estate of
General Smallwood, no transfer having taken place; Colonel
Grayson was at the head of the column, when Washington upbraided
General Charles Lee and he heard and related these words of Lee to
Washington. " Sir, these troops are not able to meet British Grena-
diers" — and Washington's reply, "Sir, they are able and they shall
do it" — immediately giving the order to counter-march the column.

^ GOVERNOR JOHN EAGER HOWARD.

Governor John Eager Howard, soldier and fifth Governor of
Maryland, was born in Baltimore County, June 4, 1752. He was the
son of Cornelius and Ruth (Eager) Howard, daughter of John and
Jemina (Murray) Eager. . His grandfather was Joshua Howard, of
Manchester, England, who was an officer in the army of the Duke
of York during the Monmouth Rebellion. Coming to Maryland
about 1685, he married Joanna O'Carroll, of Ireland, and took up a
tract of land near Pikesville, Baltimore County.

At the time of the Revolution the Howard family were large
land-holders and wealthy. John Eager Howard was educated by
private tutors. Coming to manhood at the beginning of the Revolu-

Founders of Anne Aeundel and Howard Counties, 241

tion, he was offered a commission as Colonel, but thinking he was
too inexperienced, declined it, accepting a Captaincy upon the
condition of being able to raise thirty men. He enlisted that number
in two days and marched at once to the front. His company was
made a part of the "Flying Camp" and was with General Hugh
Mercer at White Plains, October 28, 1776. Commissioned Major in
the fourth Maryland Regiment, he was at Germantown and
Monmouth.

In 1780, Georgia and South Carolina being in the hands of the
British, Maryland's First Brigade vmder Major General de Kalb,
marched south with an additional regiment raised in the State.

At Camden, Gist's Maryland Brigade stood firm as a rock and
William's Regiment, with Howard at its head, broke upon the enemy
and severed his front, driving the opposing corps before them.

In 1781, 400 of the Maryland Line, under Lieutenant Colonel
Howard fought with General Morgan at the Cowpens. The British
were under Tarlton. The latter assailed the Marylanders, but they
never faltered. Tarlton ordered his reserves: this endangered
Howard's right. Morgan ordered Howard to change front and take
a new position. Howard had not gained that position, when Tarlton
mistaking it for a retreat, rushed forward. Suddenly facing about,
Howard poured into the enemy a deadly fire. Their ranks recoiled.
Howard ordered his men to give them the bayonet. It was a
terrible, but decisive charge; the day was won. The whole British
Infantry were either captured or killed. Tarlton narrowly escaped,
after a personal encounter with Colonel Washington. Morgan rode
up to Howard and said — " Colonel you have done well, for you are
successful — had you failed I would have shot you." Colonel Howard
replied, "Had I failed, there would have been no need of shooting
me." At that moment he held in his hands the swords of seven
British officers. For this gallant charge. Congress presented Colonel
Howard with a gold medal.

In September, 1781, Howard's regiment was at Eutaw Springs.
He was received by the Buffs and Irish Corps of Raudon's army.
Here the fiercest struggle of the war took place. Neither would
yield, but crossing bayonets their ranks mingled together. Opposing
files sank down, each pierced with the bayonet of his antagonist.
They were found grappled in death and transfixed together on the
field. The officers fought hand to hand. The British fine had given
way and the Buffs, unable to maintain the conflict, broke and fled.
General Greene rode up and comphmented the Marylanders in the
midst of the action. Three hundred British prisoners were taken in
the pursuit. Howard's men were reduced to thirty and he was the
only commissioned officer left. Green said that success was due to
the free use of the bayonets of the Maryland troops in their charge
in the face of a murderous fire of artillery and musketry. Each
corps engaged received the thanks of Congress. Marylanders were
engaged from this time on to the surrender.

242 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

The State had furnished 15,229 men in addition to those enhsted
in the independent companies. The State companies, the marines
and naval forces amoimting to 5,407 miUtia, brought the total up to
20,636.

McSherry records — "Entering the war two strong battalions,
they were soon reduced to a single company. Again swelled to seven
regiments, they were thinned to one and before the campaign had
well passed, they were once more promptly recruited to four full
battalions of more than 2,000 men. Two of their officers, Williams
and Howard were considered the best of their grade. Entitled to a
Major-General and two brigadiers they submitted to be led by
strangers.

Amos Cummings, himself a New Yorker, said : — " The old guard
occupied no higher station in the French Army than that held by
the Maryland Line in the Continental Army. As Napoleon and Ney
relied upon the old guard, so did Washington and Greene rely upon
the Maryland Line, when the independence of American colonies
was at stake."

Colonel Howard upon his final charge, at Eutaw Springs, was
wounded; he was brought home to the house of his attending phy-
sician. Dr. Thomas Cradock, of Pikesville. Colonel Howard was then
seeking the hand of Miss Peggy Chew, then much admired by several
English officers. Fearing delay might endanger his cause. Dr.
Cradock carried on the correspondence and was successful.

At a ball given in Baltimore in honor of General Washington,
who led Nellie Gittings in the minuet. Dr. Cradock walked next with
Betty Moale. She later became the Doctor's neighbor and named
his home " The Pill Box. " (Annals of St. Thomas Church). General
Washington attended the wedding of Colonel Howard to Peggy Chew.

Colonel Howard, in 1787, was a member of the Continental
Congress, when war was imminent with France. President Washington
tendered him the offices of Major General and Secretary of State,
both of which he declined with friendly courtesy. In 1789 he was
elected Governor.

The Assembly of Maryland having voted to cede to Congress a
district ten miles square for the seat of Government, the Legislature
of 1789, voted $72,000 to assist Virginia's offer of $120,000 to build
the Capital and authorized the sale of her public lands to meet the
outlay.

kr'f^ In 1790, the Assembly passed an Act for the better administra-
tion of Justice. Charles Carroll, of "CarroUton" and John Henry,
our United States Senators, wrote to Governor Howard asking him
to appoint men of high character, who might be better able to
present the State, claim in the ablest manner before Congress.
With Charles Carroll, of "CarroUton," Governor Howard drafted
the Militia law of the State.

In 1790, President Washington arrived in Annapolis and with
the Governor, attended a meeting of the trustees of St. John's
College. He was entertained by the Governor and honored by a ball.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 243

At the expiration of his eligibihty, Governor Howard was
succeeded by George Plater. In 1795, Governor Howard was elected
by the Maryland Senate and in 1796, was sent to the United States
Senate, vice Mr. Potts and was re-elected for the full term, which
extended to 1803. Retiring to his beautiful home at " Belvedere,"
wherein both General Washington and General LaFayette had been
entertained, Colonel Howard spent his remaining days in quiet
comfort.

"Belvedere" stood at the head of Calvert Street. Its history
covers an interesting epoch of colonial days. Colonel Howard gave
to the city of Baltimore the site upon which Washington's Monu-
ment stands, yet it is only at this late day, our patriotic citizens have
at last determined to honor him with a like memorial.

During the war of 1812, Governor Howard raised a company of
veterans for home defense; when the news reached him that the
Capitol had been burned and capitulation was being considered,
he said : — " I have as much property at stake as most persons and
I have four sons in the field, but sooner would I see my sons
weltering in their blood and my home reduced to ashes, than so far
disgrace my colmtr3^" He lived to see the dawn of Peace and the
"era of good feeling." His second son, George Howard, was later
made Governor, during the era of good feeling. Having taken cold,
the old hero soon followed his fascinating wife, dying in 1827. His
funeral was attended by President Adams and his Cabinet.

Governor Howard's sons were General Benjamin Chew Howard,
prominent in the late history of Maryland and in 1860, a candidate
upon the Peace Party platform for Governor. He married Jane
Grant Gilmor; John E. Howard, the eldest son, married Annabella
'Read; George Howard, his second son, and Governor, married
Prudence Gough Ridgely; William Howard married Rebecca Key;
James married Sophia Gough Ridgely, and second, Catharine Mur-
dock Ross; Charles married Elizabeth Key. The daughters were
Mrs. John McHenry and Mrs. William George Reed.

GOVERNOR] GEORGE PLATER.

Governor George Plater, sixth Governor of Maryland, was born
at "Sotterly," near Leonardtown, St. Mary's County, November 8,
1735.

His home is well described in Thomas' Colonial Maryland — as a
handsome model of antique architecture, built in the form of the
letter " Z," one story and a half, with steep gambrall roof, surmounted
by a cupola and penetrated by triangular capped dormer windows,
a frame building with brick foundations, brick gables, brick porches
and flagstone colonade. Handsomely paneled wood from ceiling to
floor finished the parlor, hall, library and dining-rooms. Shell
carvings forming the ceilings of the parlor alcoves were imique and
handsome. Walnut window frames, doors of mahogany, swung on
solid_^brass strap hinges, offer an exhibit of colonial interior decora.

244 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

tions unexcelled in Maryland. Its stairway was of mahogany, with
grooved rail and balustrade and newel post of filigree work. This
magnificent homestead was built for Hon, George Plater, father of
the Governor, about 1730. He was Naval Officer and Collector of
the Patuxent District and his little square office with cone-shaped
roof still stands in the yard by the side of his wine cellar and smoking-
room. This celebrated homestead, taking its name from the Plater
homestead named in Sucklings Annals, of Suffolk, England, was
originally a part of "Fenwick Manor." It contained 2,000 acres
and was purchased by Hon. James Bowles, who married Rebecca,
daughter of Colonel Thomas Addison and Elizabeth Tasker, daughter
of the Treasiurer, Thomas Tasker.

In 1729, the Maryland Gazette annoimced the marriage of the
widow Bowles to Colonel George Plater. The Sotterly homestead
was built after that marriage. The issue of Colonel Plater and Mrs.
Bowles were Governor George Plater, Ann, Elizabeth and Rebecca,
who became Mrs. Colonel John Tayloe, of Mt. Airy, Virginia. She
handed down a coterie of distinguished wives, including Mrs. Francis
Lightfoot Lee, wife of " the signer;" Mrs. Colonel William Augustine
Washington and Mrs. Colonel Edward Lloyd, of Maryland, mother
of Governor Lloyd. She was also the mother of John Tayloe, who
married a daughter of Governor Benjamin Ogle.

Colonel Plater's second wife was Mrs. Elizabeth Carpenter.
Colonel Plater's coach and four and his sailing boats have elsewhere
been noted. He indulged also in the popular races, of 1750, as shown
by an annoimcement in the Maryland Gazette of that date, "Sep-
tember 20, 1750, a race was run on the race course between Governor
Ogle's bay gelding and Colonel Plater's grey stallion, which was won
by the former."

Five years later, that same paper annoimced:" Saturday last,
died at his seat in St. Mary's County, aged upwards of sixty, the Hon.
George Plater, Esq., who was for many years one of his Lordship's
Council of State, Naval Officer of the Patuxent and lately appointed
Secretary of the Province; a gentleman eminent for every social
virtue which could render him truly valuable; he was as Horace says,
"ad unquem factus homo." As his life was a pleasure, so was his
death a grief to every one who knew him.

George Plater, his only son, and heir of " Sotterly," was educated
at William and Mary's College. In 1760, he visited England, where
he was introduced by letters from Governor Horatio Sharpe. He
made an agreeable impression on Lord Baltimore, who desired the
Governor to associate him in the affairs of the Province. After
studying law, George Plater took active interest in the discussions
preceding the Revolution. He was a member of the Convention
which requested Governor Eden to retire. In 1776, he was one of
the Council of Safety; was in the Convention of 1776 and upon the
Committee to prepare a Declaration and Charter of Rights and a form
of Government for Maryland. From 1778 to 1781, he was in Congress
and in 1788 was President of the Maryland Convention that ratified

i

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 245

the Constitution of the United States. In 1791, he was elected
Governor to succeed Governor Howard.

The location and aid to the National Capital were the chief events
in his administration. Virginia had voted a loan of $120,000 to be
devoted to the necessary buildings upon the territory, which had
been ceded by the two States and the Legislature of Maryland
voted to contribute S72,000, payable in three yearly installments.

To meet these payments the public lands of Maryland were
authorized to be sold.

The Indian campaign of 1791 in which General St. Clair and
Colonel Henry Lee, of Virginia, were in command, was a disastrous
defeat and Maryland was compelled to raise additional recruits, under
Colonel Otho H. Williams, in 1792.

Governor Plater's wife was Ann Rousby, the only child of
Colonel John Rousby, of "Rousby Hall," in Calvert, another once
famous and popular resort.

Mrs. Plater possessed rare beauty and stately elegance. Her
rich patrimony, added to her husband's large estate, enabled them
to entertain in a manner suitable to their distinguished position.
They left two daughters, Ann and Rebecca, accomplished and
beautiful, and three sons, George, John Rousby and Thomas Plater.
Ann Plater — Philip Barton Key, the jurist and statesman; Rebecca
— General Uriah Forrest, of the Maryland Line; George Plater
inherited "Sotterly" and handed it do"^Ti to his son, George, who
lost it; Judge John Rousby Plater, second son, through his son, John,
was the progenitor of Charlotte Plater, widow of General E. Law
Rogers, once heir to Druid Hill Park. Mrs. Rogers has a handsome
portrait of the Governor; Thomas Plater, third son, inherited
"Rousby Hall," and sold it; his daughter, Ann Plater, another noted
beauty, became the wife of Major George Peter, of Montgomery
County, in command at the Battle of Bladensburg. Their descend-
ants in line are the heirs of the late Hon. George Peter, of Rockville,
and Senator William B. Peter, of Howard.

These three sons of Governor Plater were also prominent in
affairs. George was a Colonel in the Marjdand Line. Thomas was
a member of Congress from 1801 to 1805, and Judge John Rousby
Plater was Presidential Elector in 1797, and also a member of the
Maryland Legislature, acting as Associate Judge of the First District
at the time of his death.

Governor George Plater died at Annapohs February 10, 1792.
His remains, " attended by the Council and State officials, were taken
the next day, by way of South River, to "Sotterly," where he is
buried in what is now an open field and without even a simple slab
to mark the last resting place of a son of Maryland, whose states-
manship and zeal so closely are interwoven with her government and
whose life, from dawn of early manhood to the grave, was conspicuous
for disinterested devotion and distinguished service to the State and
to the nation. Oh, Spirit of Liberty! where sleeps your thunder?"

(Thomas.)

246 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

GOVERNOR JOHN HOSKINS STONE.

Governor John Hoskins Stone, eighth Governor of Maryland
(1794-97), was born in Charles County, Maryland, in 1745. He was
the son of David Stone, who married Elizabeth Jenifer, daughter of
Dr. Daniel Jenifer. He was descended from Governor William Stone
and was the younger brother of Thomas Stone, signer of the
Declaration of Independence. He was educated at private schools
and studied law.

In November, 1774, he was one of the committee from Charles
County, Maryland, to carry out the resolutions of Congress, and was
one of the Committee of Correspondence for the County. He was
one of the Association of Freemen of Maryland in 1775.

On January 14, 1776, was elected Captain of the first company
of Colonel William Smallwood's First Maryland Regiment, and in
December following was appointed Colonel. He fought with
distinction at Long Island, White Plains, Princeton and Germantown,
where he was wounded and was compelled to retire, resigning in 1779.
He was in the Executive Council of Maryland and member of the
"Cincinnati Society." His commission is still in possession of the
heirs of his grandson, Nathaniel Pope Causin.

Governor Stone held the chair from 1794 to 1797. He was the
first Governor to send a written message to the Assembly, and
suggested as a modification of the mode of electing the President a
division of the State into ten districts. His brother, Michael
Jenifer Stone, was in Congress 1789-91 and Judge of the Circuit Court
of Charles County.

Governor Stone, in 1795, wrote to President Washington a letter
which was accompanied by the resolves of the Maryland Assembly
in denunciation of the calumnies that had been heaped upon the
President.

The President replied in an appreciative letter.

Governor Stone asked a modification of the mode of electing the
President and Vice-President.

President Washington applied to Governor Stone for an additional
appropriation of $150,000 from the Maryland Assembly to complete
the national Capitol. Maryland had alreadv given $72,000 and
Virginia $120,000. The Assembly loaned $10,000 in 1797, and in
1799, $50,000 more. In 1800 the building was reported ready for
use.

Governor Stone married Miss Conden, a Scotch lady. His
daughter, Eliza Stone, married Dr. Nathaniel Pope Causin, of Port
Tobacco, Maryland. His son, Nathaniel Pope Causin, married Eliza
Mactier Warfield, daughter of Daniel and Nancy Mactier Warfield,
of Baltimore. They were the grandparents of Messrs. S. Davies
Warfield, Colonel Henry Mactier Warfield and Dr. Mactier Warfield,
of Baltimore, and of Richard Emory Warfield, of Philadelphia.

Governor Stone died at his residence in Annapolis, October 5,
1804.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 247

^ GOVERNOR JOHN HENRY.

Governor John Henry, first Senator and ninth Governor of
Maryland, was born at "Weston," Somerset County, Maryland,
November, 1750. His paternal grandfather was Rev. John Henry,
a Presbyterian minister, who came from Ireland in 1700 and settled
first near Rehoboth, upon Pocomoke River, Somerset County,
Maryland; he married Mary Jenkins, widow of Colonel Francis
Jenkins, who brought to him the immense estate of her late husband.
She was the daughter of Sir Robert King, an Irish baronet, and was
known as "Madam Hampton," having married for the third time,
Rev. John Hampton, another Presbyterian minister. Her two sons
by Rev. John Henry became eminent. They were Francis Jenkins
and Colonel John Henry, who married Dorothy Rider, daughter of
Colonel John Rider, son of John Rider, of England, who had married
the only child of Colonel Charles Hutchins, an early settler of Somerset
and lived at "Weston," afterward the home of John Henry. Mr.
Hutchins' daughter, whilst at school in England, married, and died
on her return home. Their son. Colonel John Rider, was born in
England and married Anne Hicks. Their daughter, Dorothy,
became the mother of Governor John Henry, who was prepared for
College at West Nottingham Academy, Cecil; went to Princeton and
graduated in 1769; studied law in the Temple, England; was a member
of the "Robin Hood Club," and in their discussions, defended the
colonists. He left England in 1775, a thoroughly educated, popular
and attractive young man; was elected to the Legislature. In 1777
was sent to the Continental Congress, remaining until the adoption
of the Constitution. He opposed Jay's treaty with Spain, wherein
our right to navigate the Mississippi was to be surrendered for the
small benefit to the Eastern States. In 1783 he received two votes
for President. In 1787 he was upon the committee to prepare an
ordinance for the Northwest Territory. With Charles Carroll, of
"Carrollton," he was elected one of the first United States Senators.
He voted to locate the Capitol on the Potomac. Resigning the
senatorship, he was elected Governor of Maryland, which office he
soon resigned, from ill-health.

In 1780, the English having plundered the town of Vienna and
burnt a new brig, called at Colonel John Henry's and destroyed his
house and furniture. The Colonel, being alone, except his servants,
retired to a neighbor's whither he removed his plate and valuable
papers. They took away a slave.

Governor Henry married in 1787, Margaret, daughter of John
and Elizabeth Goldsborough Campbell, of Caroline County. One of
Mrs. Campbell's sisters was the grandmother of Governor Philip
Francis Thomas.

Governor Henry died in 1798, leaving two sons, John Campbell
Henry and Francis Jenkins Henry. The former married Mary Nevett
Steele, sister of J. Nevett Steele, the Baltimore attorney.

248 Founders of Anne Arundel and. Howard Counties.

The character of Governor Henry has been thus depicted by the
memoirs of Mrs. Winder Townsend :

" His manners were easy, engaging, and in person was graceful
and elegant."

He directed the education of his nephew, Wilham Henry Winder
afterward commander of the American forces at Bladensburg in 1814.
There is no portrait of him because of the fire which destroyed the
homestead of "Weston" in which were many of his papers. Mrs.
Townsend, however, holds the original letter of Thomas Jefferson to
Governor Henry upon the authenticity of Logan's speech.

Governor Henry's granddaughter "Kitty," daughter of John
Campbell Henry, married Daniel Lloyd, youngest son of Governor
and Senator Edward Lloyd, and became the mother of Governor
Henry Lloyd, who succeeded Governor Robert McLane.

Governor Henry's Address to The Legislature.

"We are taught to rely upon the militia for our general defense;
it is especially important now to place them upon the most respectable
footing. All men are now satisfied of the propriety of putting the
country in a complete state of defense; and in case of war it would
be unbecoming the wisdom of the Legislature to trust the peace and
safety of the country to this present weak and defective system,
menaced as we are by a brave, intelligent and enterprising nation,
this subject is all important."

Colonel John Rider was the maternal grandfather of Governor
John Henry and was the only son of John Rider (of Edward and
Dorothy the only daughter of Colonel Charles Hutchins). (See her
beautiful picture in a recent publication of Governor John Henry's
Letters and Papers, by his great-grandson.) Colonel Hutchins was
an early settler of Dorchester; was of Council commissioned to treat
with Indians and was Colonel of the Mihtia.

\/ GOVERNOR BENJAMIN OGLE.

Governor Benjamin Ogle, tenth Governor of Maryland, 1798-
1801, was born in Annapolis, February 7, 1746, in the house of his
father, corner of King George and College Avenue. He was educated
in England.

Benjamin Ogle was, by appointment, a member of the Executive
Council, and in 1798 was elected by the Assembly as Governor. He
was a personal friend of President Washington, by whom he was
frequently consulted.

Upon the death of President Washington in 1799, the Governor
issued a proclamation that the 11th of February, 1800, be observed
throughout the State " as a day of moiuning, humiliation and prayer
for the deceased." His precedent is still observed under the "New
Style," on 22nd February, yearly.

Governor Ogle's administration was in the midst of violent
political excitement between the Federalists, represented by

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 249

President John Adams, and the Repubhcans, led by Thomas
Jefferson. In Maryland the people were about equally divided.
The election having failed in the Electoral College, it was after
seven days of intense contest in the House of Representatives,
decided in favor of Thomas Jefferson.

The home of Governor Benjamin Ogle was " Belair," Prince
George Coimty. In 1760 it was the homestead of Colonel Benjamin
Tasker, and from there Governor Sharpe wrote to his brother William,
in England, asking him to entertain Charles Carroll, Mr. Key and
Mr. George Plater, members of the Lower House who were friendly
to his administration. " Belair " descended, through Colonel Tasker's
daughter, to Governor Ogle. It was laid out as an English manor.
The large, square manor house was approached by an avenue 120
feet wide. A descendant daughter thus pictures it from her girlish
memory: "'Belair' was an ideal old Colonial home, built of English
brick. For me it holds many interesting memories of my childhood,
when life seemed one long summer day. I wandered over the
spacious rooms, whose walls were covered with paintings from old
masters. Its conservatory, opening into the dining room, was filled
with all kinds of plants and flowers. Around the family table
gathered many friends to enjoy a wholesome hospitality. The
entrance to the mansion was an avenue fully a mile long, lined with
tulips and poplar trees. At the rear was a long sweep of velvety
green, terraced and broken here and there by lovely beds of roses and
plants. Beyond was the park, with its huge forest trees, in which
deer wandered and from which they sometimes escaped, affording
sport for the young huntsmen. During the exciting days of our Civil
War many met there who never returned. The pictures that adorned
'Belair' are now in possession of Harry Tayloe, of Mount Airy,
Virginia, great-great-grandson of Governor Benjamin Ogle."

Some of the living descendants of this old homestead, wherein
Charles Carroll, of "CarroUton" and General Washington were
honored guests, and around which cluster the associations of many
more of distinguished men, are Benjamin Ogle, of Baltimore; Mrs.
John Hodges, now ninety years old, Washington, D. C; and Miss
Rosalie Ogle, of Baltimore.

One of the daughters of "Belle Air" became Mrs. William
Woodville, whose nephew, WilHam Woodville Rockhill, was Mr.
Cleveland's Assistant Secretary of State. Of the younger line of
descendants are Mr. Marbury Ogle and his sister. Miss Rosalie Ogle,
of Baltimore.

"Belair," to-day, is the property of Mr. James T. Woodward,
President of the Hanover Bank, New York. He has restored the old
homestead to its former grandeur.

The Ogle family postilion it still remembered by the older
neighbors.

Governor Benjamin Ogle married, first, Rebecca Stilly, whose
daughter, Elizabeth, married Michael Thomas, son of Christian
Thomas, of Frederick County. David Ogle Thomas, of Michael,

250 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

came into possession of "Rose Hill," the former homestead of
Governor Thomas Johnson. His daughter, Mrs. Cecihus Warfield,
of Baltimore, still holds it. Governor Ogle married, second,
Henrietta Margaret Hill, daughter of Henry and Mary (Thomas)
Hill, daughter of Phihp Thomas, of West River, by Ann Chew.
His son, Benjamin Ogle, married Miss Ann Maria Cooke. They had
twelve children. A daughter of ^Governor Ogle married John
Hodges, whose son perpetuates the name. Dr. Benjamin Cooke
Ogle, youngest son of Benjamin and Ann Maria Cooke Ogle, was the
last of the name to hold the homestead.

GOVERNOR JOHN FRANCIS MERCER.

John Francis Mercer, soldier and eleventh Governor of Maryland,
1801-3, descended from Noel and Ann (Smith) Mercer, of Chester,
England. Their son Robert married Eleanor Reynolds and their
son John married Grace Fenton. John, of Dublin, Ireland, son of
John and Grace Fenton Mercer, went to Virginia in 1720, becoming
Secretary of the Ohio Company. He was a noted Crown lawyer and
published " Mercer's Abridgement of the Laws of Virginia." John
Francis Mercer, his son by a second marriage with Ann Roy was
born at "Marlboro," Stafford County, Virginia, May 17, 1759, and
was graduated from William and Mary College, Virginia, in 1775.
In 1776 he entered the Third Virginia regiment as Heutenant, and
was made captain June 27, 1777. He served as aide to General
Charles Lee until the battle of Monmouth, New Jersey, and his
sympathy with that officer in his disgrace led him to resign. But
returning to his own State, he raised and equipped, at his own
expense, a troop of horse, of which he was commissioned Lieutenant-
Colonel. He joined General Robert Lawson's brigade and served
with it at Guilford, North Carolina, and elsewhere until its disband-
ment. He then attached his command to the forces of General
LaFayette, with whom he remained until the surrender of Yorktown.
He afterwards studied law with Thomas Jefferson. From 1782 to
1785 he was one of the Virginia delegates to the Continental Congress.
He married February 3, 1785, Sophia, daughter of Richard Sprigg,
of "Cedar Park," West River, Maryland, whose wife was Margaret
Caile, daughter of John and Rebecca (Ennalls) Caile, of England.

Removing to his wife's estate at "Cedar Park," he became an
active and prominent partisan. He was sent as a delegate from
Maryland to the Convention which framed the Constitution of the
United States, and was with Luther Martin in opposition to the
several provisions which obliterated State rights. He finally
withdrew from the Convention because he was not willing to endorse
the Constitution as drafted. He was a member of the Maryland
Legislature for several years and a member of Congress from
Maryland (in 1792-4) in which the permanent location of the
Capitol was excitedly discussed and was with the Southern members
in trying to locate it upon the Potomac. In 1801 he was elected
Governor of Maryland, and was re-elected in 1802.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 251

As a friend and student of Thomas Jefferson he was influential
in bringing out legislative action favorable to his Democratic
administration. Mr. Joseph Hopper Nicholson, one of the Democratic
Representatives in Congress from Maryland during the exciting seven
days in deciding Mr. Jefferson's election, was ill and his physicians
prohibited his attendance, saying it would cause his death. His
wife agreed with her husband that his duty was to be at his post,
and accompanying Mr. Nicholson, remained with him and assisted
him in casting his vote for Jefferson.

In 1801 the controversy over the property qualification of voters
in Maryland was the chief one, and the Democrats, being in favor of
abolishing it, were victorious. Early in the session of 1801 an
amendment allowing all free white citizens of the State to vote was
passed, and in 1802 the confirmatory act was passed. Up to this
time voters in Maryland must possess a freehold of fifty acres of land.

Governor Mercer was succeeded by Governor Robert Bowie in
1803. Retiring to his estate, "Cedar Park," he was again called to
the Legislature.

His son, Colonel John Mercer, married Mary Swann, and his son,
Richard Sprigg Mercer, married Miss E. Coxe, both connections of
Governor Thomas Swann and Lieutenant-Governor C. C. Cox,
elected under the Constitution of 1864. The latter would have
succeeded Governor Swann, who was elected to the United States
Senate, had he accepted. He was the only Lieutenant-Governor of
Maryland

Some of the children of Richard Sprigg Mercer were Miss Margaret
Mercer, who presided at Governor Swann's house during his term
in Congress, Mrs. George Peter, now Mrs. Edwin J. Farber, and
Colonel Richard Mercer, of New York.

Governor Mercer's daughter, Margaret, was the author of
"Studies for Bible Classes," "Ethics," and a "Series of Lectures for
Young Ladies." She became noted for her sacrifice in freeing her
slaves and sending them to Liberia. She was known as the " Hannah
More of America."

Governor Mercer died August 30, 1821, at Philadelphia, Pa.,
whither he had gone to consult a physician as to his health.

GOVERNOR ROBERT BOWIE.

Governor Robert Bowie, the War Governor, of 1812, was the
third son of Captain William Bowie, and Margaret Sprigg. He was
born at Mattaponi, 1750. At twenty-five years of age he was upon
the Committee of Correspondence for his county and commissioned
Captain of a company of "Minute Men." His father was a member
of the Convention, which met in Annapolis, in June, 1775 and issued
the " Declaration of the Association of Freemen." This antedated by
one year the Declaration of Independence.

When scarcely twenty years of age, young Robert Bowie married
Priscilla, daughter of General James Mackall, of Calvert, who held
thirty thousand acres near the Cliffs. Captain Bowie commanded the

252 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties,

Second Battalion of the Flying Artillery, maintaining his men at his
own expense. Ordered to join General Washington in New York,
his battaUon was too late for the battle of Long Island, but covered
itself with honor at Harlem Heights and White Plains, where Captain
Bowie was wounded in the knee. Acting as his own surgeon, he cut
the limb and removed a sphntered bone. With Colonel Luke Mar-
bury, he was at the battle of Germantown. There he was wounded
in the shoulder.

In 1786, he was elected to the House of Delegates. His colleagues
were his brother, Major Walter, and his cousin. Captain Fielder
Bowie. They continued to sit until 1790. They opposed the bill
for maintaining ministers of gospel at the State's expense.

In 1794, Robert Bowie was promoted to Major. In 1796, he
was an elector of Senators. Again a member of the House of Dele-
gates in 1801-2-3, he was elected in 1803, as the first Democratic
Governor of the State.

He was re-elected in 1804-5. In 1809, he was Presidential
elector for Madison. In 1811, he was elected Governor for the fourth
time. The war was at hand and Governor Bowie was in favor of
aggressive measures. When Congress formally declared war "the
Governor was so rejoiced he did not wait for his hat, but, with a few
friends, proceeded to the State House, where he congratulated the
leaders upon the news." He at once issued a Proclamation, directing
the militia to be organized, disciplined and equipped: Calling upon
the Field Officers and Captains to assemble in Baltimore, he selected
a "uniform dress" and trumpet soundings for the cavalry.

Maryland's quota was six thousand men.

Governor Bowie, after the murderous attack upon the press and
person of Alexander Contee Hanson, was called to investigate the
riot. His report exonerating the military officers in charge and
counseling moderation in the interest of the public did not serve to
allay party indignation, and the Governor at the ensuing election
was defeated by Levin Winder, the Federalist.

He received the entire Democratic Vote and at each succeeding
election still held his party's confidence, only falling short two votes
in 1814.

In 1815, he opposed Charles Carnan Ridgely, of Hampton, who
only received two votes over him. The same fight occurred again in
1816.

In 1817, the old War Governor was a candidate for the United
States Senate. A bitter contest ensued.

The defeat at Bladensburg was charged to him because of his
appointment of incompetent officers. Others charged him as "too
good a hater." Yet the old chief held his admirers and would have
won other honors had not death intervened, in 1818.

Then partisan rancor was stilled and all united in paying tribute
to the patriotism, bravery and integrity of the deceased. There was
a softer side in this old hero's life. As the guardian of many estates,
his liberality and kindness endeared him to many.

Pounders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 253

He was long in the vestry of St. Paul's Church. A born leader
of men, he was to his friends as true as steel. A handsome portrait
of him is still extant. His remains were interred in the family grave-
yard as Mattaponi, where lie his parents, and his wife, who survived
him four years. Pive of his children arrived at maturity, two sons
and three daughters. Governor Bowie was a breeder of blooded
stock and was fond of the race track, upon which many of his horses
appeared.

GOVERNOR ROBERT WRIGHT.

Three times elected Governor, Robert Wright, thirteenth Gov-
ernor of Maryland, (1806-09), was born at "Blakeford," in Queen
Anne County, Maryland, November 20, 1752. He was the son of
Judge Solomon and Mary (Tidmarsh DeCourcy) Wright, who
was the son of Justice Solomon and Anna Wright, who was the son
of Nathaniel Wright, the immigrant from England, in 1673, who
settled in Queen Anne County.

Judge Solomon Wright was a member of the Maryland Conven-
tion of 1771-1776; member of the Assembly, 1771-3-4; mem.ber of
the "Association of Freemen" and signer of the " Declaration of
Freemen;" Chairman of the Committee of Correspondence for Queen
Anne, in 1774-75-76; was appointed Judge of the Provincial
Court, but resigned; was special Judge for the Eastern Shore dur-
ing the Revolution. Upon the State's organization was appointed
Judge of the first Court of Appeals and served until his death.

Robert Wright was educated at the Public Schools, studied law,
was admitted to the Bar and began the practice in Chestertown,
but subsequently in Queenstown, Maryland. He served as a private
in Captain James Kent's Company of Queen Anne "Minute Men,"
against Lord Drummond's Tories of the Eastern Shore of Virginia,
February, 1776. He was Captain of a Company in the Maryland
Line; was at Pauoli and Brandy wine; was in Colonel Richardson's
Battalion. His commission was dated on ''July 7, 1777," and was em-
bodied under the late resolution of Congress.

In 1801, he was elected United States Senator. This he resigned
in 1806, when elected Governor of Maryland.

During his term much excitement was caused by the Embargo
Act and the Enforcement Act, which followed it. He presided at a
meeting in Annapolis called to endorse his administration. It passed
resolutions asking President Jefferson to recall his determination to
decline another nomination.

In 1807, Governor Wright appointed Major Samuel Turburt
Wright, Adjutant-General of the State Militia. He was authorized to
furnish 5,863 men as Maryland's quota of 100,000 ordered to take
the field at a moment's notice. The Embargo Act reduced Maryland
exports from 14,000,000 in 1807 to 2,000,000, yet, for patriotic rea-
sons, the Governor and Legislature still endorsed the administra-
tion, but the election of 1809, brought a Federalist majority in
the House of Delegates, which elected Edward Lloyd his successor.

254 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

In 1810-12-14 Governor Wright was sent to Congress. He
was returned in 1820 and was elected District Judge of the circuit
comprising Queen Anne, Kent and Talbot Counties, in 1823. He
died at " Blakeford," near Queenstown, on Sept. 7, 1826.

His wife was Sarah De Courcy. Their sons were Robert Theo-
dore DeCourcy Wright, who was a member of the Governor's
Council and married, first, Deborah Thomas and, second, Mar-
garet Fedderman.

All of Governor Wright's sons, except the youngest, fought in
the War of 1812.

William Henry DeCourcy Wright, youngest son, was born at
" Blakeford," Sept. 9, 1795. The old building, a large square one,
was burned during Governor Wright's first term.' Mrs. William H.
DeCourcy Wright was Eliza Lea Warner, of Delaware, widow of
Samuel Turbutt Wright, Jr. They had issue, Clintonia, Gustavia,
William H. DeCourcy, Gustavus, W. T., Carolina Louisa, Victoria
Louisa and Ella Lee.

Clintonia — first. Captain William May; second. Governor
Philip Francis Thomas. Victoria Louisa — Samuel Levering. Ella
Lee — Captain J. Pembrooke Thorn, of Virginia. Captain H.
DeCourcy Wright was the founder of the coffee trade of Rio,
which city became his residence for a number of years. He was
under General Bolivar, in the States of Columbia, in the War of
Independence.

Governor Wright was a breeder of race horses and fine cattle.
The DeCourcy family, from whom his wife descended, was of the
ancient Barony of Kingsall, in the days of King John.

The first home of the DeCourcy family was " My Lord's Gift,"
near Queenstown. It is one of the quaintest old homesteads in
Maryland. It was a direct gift to Colonel Henry DeCourcy from
Lord Baltimore, in recognition of the Colonel's loyalty during the
Puritan ascendency in Maryland. "Cheston on the Wye" is another
old DeCourcy homestead. Here were buried Governor Wright, his
wife, Sarah DeCourcy, his daughter Louisa and his son, Gustavus
William Tidmarsh. Governor Wright's second wife was Miss Ring-
gold, of Kent County.

The late Benjamin Nicholson Wright, of Annapolis, long chief
clerk in the Comptroller's office and Warden of St. Anne's Church,
descended from Thomas, son of Thomas, son of Colonel Thomas
Wright, the immigrant. This branch was known as the Wrights of
"Reeds Creek," from whom came Samuel Turbutt Wright, Captain
in General Smallwood's brigade. Captain Wright's company was,
during the Revolution, stationed upon Kent Island to command
the entrance to Chester River. A striking portrait of Governor
Wright hangs in the State House at Annapolis.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 255

GOVERNOR EDWARD LLOYD.

Edward Lloyd, of " Wye House," was the son of Edward Lloyd
IV., the Revolutionary Legislator, who failed in the election when
Thomas Sim Lee was made Governor. " With Maryland and North
American interests at stake, ingrained through full five generations,
prior to 1776, and in deed from the earliest immigration, Edward
Lloyd, of "Wye House," had an honest claim upon the confidence
of his constituents. His business tact in caring for the industrial
interests of the Province, promoted by regular immigration in certain
English shires, gave importance to his election in 1774-76, along
with Matthew Tilghman, James Lloyd Chamberlaine and Pollard
Edmondson, families of ample means. He rode at times in a coach
and four. He had a tract of land for a deer park and he let his friends
and guests rejoice in horses and hounds. After the burning of Wye
House by a predatory band of a military expedition, he rebuilt it with
a town house in Annapolis, that stands still sufficiently high to
overtop the neighboring ones. It gave him an outlook towards the
eastern bay of the Chesapeake and the mouth of Wye River. When
Governor Lee, in 1792, was in the chair, John Edmondson, son of
Pollard, with Judge Joseph H. Nicholson, the Democratic leader,
moved to have the property qualifications removed. Colonel Edward
Lloyd, the largest land-holder of the State, gave his support and thus
gained political eclat. His assessment in 1783, after his heavy loss,
in 1781, in plate, jewelry, negroes, clothing and £800 in cash, by
English depredations, covered 261 slaves, 799 head of sheep, 147
horses, 571 head of cattle, 579 head of hogs, 215,000 pounds of
tobacco, 500 ounces of plate, 30 pounds of pork, 72 tracts of land,
covering 11,884^ acres.

Though he failed to be Governor, his son, Edward Lloyd,
succeeded in 1809, just a century after his distinguished ancestor of
1709. Governor Lloyd was fifth in line. He was a man of talent, of
a large estate and an honest politician. He was in the Legislature,
from 1800 to 1805; a member of Congress, from 1806 to 1809;
Governor from 1809 to 181 1. He was in Congress when the " Embargo
Act" was passed and was Governor when it was repealed. The free
ballot act, repealing the viva voce vote, and all property qualifica-
tions, introduced by John Hanson Thomas, was confirmed by
Legislative Act, in 1809. After Governor Lloyd's term had ended, in
1811, he was returned to the Senate of Maryland, when he offered a
series of resolutions, endorsing "the course of President Madison
toward England and condemning the measures of Great Britain,
as destructive of our interests and ought to be resisted; that the
independence established by the valor of our fathers will not tamely
be yielded by their sons; the same spirit which led Maryland regulars
to battle still exists and awaits only our country's call." Governor
Lloyd was presidential elector, in 1812, and voted for President
Madison. In 1819 he was elected United States Senator, serving
vmtil 1826, when he resigned. Retiring to his large estate, he directed

^56 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

his agricultural interests and dispensed hospitality. He inherited,
also, the town house in Annapolis. This was built by Samuel Chase,
the signer, in 1770. It is probably the most stately house in the
city, being three stories high, the only colonial one of that height.
This is still known as the " Chase House," though it was bought by
Colonel Lloyd before its completion. The dining-room is handsomely
ornamented in carved wood, and the marble mantelpiece represents
a scene from Shakespeare in sculpture.

Governor Lloyd conveyed this mansion to his son-in-law, Henry
Hall Harwood. In 1847, it was purchased by Miss Hester Ann
Chase, daughter of Judge Jeremiah Townley Chase. As the property
of Mrs. Hester Ann Chase Ridout, wife of Rev. Samuel Ridout, it
was willed to the Episcopal Church, as a home for the aged women.

In it is Governor Sharpe's eight day clock, a colonial bedstead
with steps to get into bed, and a china set with the Chase arms.

Governor Lloyd's wife was Sally Scott Murray, daughter of Dr.
James Murray. Their issue were Edward Lloyd VI. — Elizabeth
Winder; James Murray, Sally Scott Lloyd — Charles Lowndes, U. S. N.
Catherine — Franklin Buchanan, U. S. N.; Daniel Lloyd; Mary
Ellen — William Tilghman Goldsborough, of Dorset and Mrs.
Harwood.

Edward VI. was President of the Maryland State Senate and
married Alicia McBlair, of Baltimore. Issue, Edward VII, Elizabeth
— Charles Henry Key; Alicia — Charles Sidney Winder, U. S. A.
Sally Scott Lloyd — David ChurchhiU Trimble, father of Dr. Isaac
Ridgeway Trimble, of Baltimore.

Edward VII., also President of the Maryland Senate, married
Mary Lloyd Howard. He still holds Wye House, which has a library
of 1,000 volumes. The crest of the family is a demi-lion quadrant, or.

GOVERNOR LEVIN WINDER.

Governor Levin Winder, sixteenth Governor of Maryland (1812
— 1815) was born in Somerset County, Maryland, September 4, 1757.
He was the son and eighth child of William Winder, who married
Esther Gillis, grandson of John Winder and Jane Dashiel and great-
grandson of John Winder, who came from Cumberland, England, to
Princess Anne, Somerset County, Maryland, and was appointed
Justice of the Peace, in 1665, and Lieutenant-Colonel, in 1697.

Levin Winder was a brother of William Winder, who married
the daughter of Governor John Henry — father and mother of General
Wilham Henry Winder, of the War of 1812.

Levin Winder began the study of law, but abandoned it upon
the outbreak of the Revolution and entered the army. He was
appointed by the Convention of Maryland on January 14, 1776,
First Lieutenant of the Fifth Company, Captain Nathaniel Ramsey
commanding, in Colonel William Smallwood's Battalion. He was
afterward, April 17, 1777, made Major of the Fourth Regiment of
the Maryland Line, and, at the close of the war, was Lieutenant-
Colonel. At the conclusion of hostilities he engaged in agricultural

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 257

pursuits in Southern Maryland, near Princess Anne. He was several
times elected to the Legislature of Maryland, serving as Speaker of
the House of Delegates. He was Governor of Maryland from 1812-
1815. Governor Winder's election was due to the intense disgust
which had grown out of the barbarous attempt of the Baltimore mob
to suppress the freedom of the press.

The "Federal Republican," under the editor, Charles Contee
Hanson, had ably opposed the War of 1812. The Federal Party was
a unit in its support of his opposition, and many of Hanson's friends
had determined to stand by him in his determination to issue his
paper. The War Party, in Baltimore, determined that the paper
should be suppressed. The result was a conflict, in which the mob
attacked the building and some were killed. Hanson's party sur-
rendered to the authorities; were taken to the gaol for protection,
when the mob there entered and murdered General Lingan, an
honored Revolutionary soldier, wounded General Henry Lee, who
had led Lee's Legion to victory in the Revolution — wounded Captain
Richard Crabb, Dr. Peregrine Warfield, William and Ephraim
Gaither and many other Federalists, who had risked their lives in
defense of the press.

Intense and bitter partisan feeling followed this contest and
rendered President Madison's administration very unpopular with
the Federal Party.

Petitions poured in upon Governor Bowie to break up these
lawless proceedings and to investigate the conduct of the officers
who had permitted this outbreak. The Governor's reply calling upon
all, "when our country is engaged in an open and declared war with
one of the most powerful nations of Europe, to cultivate a spirit of
harmony," failed to allay the excitement, but resulted in a Federal
victory, which put Governor Winder in his chair for three successive
terms. As soon as the enemy had appeared in the bay Governor
Winder addressed the Secretary of War upon the defenseless condition
of Annapolis, but receiving no reply, wrote again. The Secretary
replied that one battalion would be ordered to Annapolis, but not
arriving, the Governor called out the militia for the defense of the
towns, and at the same time set to work equipping and sending
forward Maryland's quota to the general defense of the frontier,
called out a portion of the militia of the State to garrison the forts of
Annapolis and Baltimore. These were paid by the State. Whilst
protecting these forts the army of invasion was not neglected, for
within six weeks after the declaration of war Captain Nathan
Towson, with an artillery company, joined Colonel Winfield Scott in
the North. A number of companies tendered their services to the
President, but could not be accepted, unless the State would pay for
their services. In Baltimore a regiment was sent forward under
Colonel William H. Winder, nephew of the Governor, with ample
funds from private subscriptions.

On the arrival of the enemy in the bay Governor Winder
addressed a letter to the Secretary of War, stating the helpless

258 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

condition of Annapolis. One drafted battalion of militia was promised
but never came to its defence. The records of Easton being in danger,
the Governor urged, but received no assistance. This refusal, when
Virginia was protected and her militia paid by the Government,
brought the Federalists to exclaim ! " Virginia has but to ask and
she receives; but Maryland, for her political disobedience, is denied."
The Governor called an extra session of the Legislature and laid
before it his whole correspondence with the Government.

In his message the Governor claimed the right to demand
protection of the general Government. The committee upon the
Governor's message reported to the Assembly as follows: "That
the State of Maryland is entitled to a fair distribution of the National
means for its protection, and that the refusal of the Executive to
assume the liquidation of the claims arising from the employment of
the militia of this State, in the same manner that they have liqui-
dated those of Virginia, is partial, unjust and contrary to the spirit
of oiu- Constitution." The report of the committee was adopted and
the sum of one hundred thousand dollars was appropriated, to be
applied by the Governor to defray the expenses of the militia already
called out.

At this time a large number of citizens of the different counties
of the State, imable to bear the burdens of war, abandoned their
homes and moved to new settlements in the West. At the next
Gubernatorial contest, owing to a very close vote in one of the
counties, which gave the Federalists majority, seventeen members
refused to vote, but Governor Winder was re-elected.

In his next message, Governor Winder declared. "If the
expenses of a war waged by the National authorities are to be borne
by the States, it is not difficult to foresee that the State treasury will
soon be exhausted and the annihilation of the State Government
must soon follow."

After recommending an amendment to the militia law "to
compel the services of those who on any sudden emergency are
unwilling to assist in defence of the country," and the organization
of volunteer corps of mounted infantry, be submitted to the Legisla-
ture "the propriety of adopting a system of general education."

The last Act of the Assembly of 1813 was the endorsement of
the war by the Senate and the condemnation of the administration
by the House.

General William Henry Winder who had in June, 1814, been
placed in command of a new division, embracing Maryland and
Virginia, wrote from Marlboro: "The Governor of Maryland has
issued orders for calling out the drafts under the requisition of July,
and, at my suggestion, has appointed Bladensburg as the place of
rendezvous," and again he writes: " The Governor is exerting himself
to collect a force at Annapolis." All this force, though not under
the command of General Winder, did co-operate and were on their
way to Bladensburg, when the British, having driven back its
defenders, pushed on to the destruction of Washington.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 259

The blame for this defeat fell upon the President, his Secretary
of War and General Winder, who was honorably acquitted, for he
had done his duty, and, after a successful career as a lawyer, died an
honored and lamented patriot.

In the gubernatorial election of 1814, Governor Winder received
forty-eight votes and Robert Bowie twenty-three. The State was
now decidedly Federal, yet the Federalists never refused their aid
to the war and appropriated $450,000, with $1,000,000 more from the
city of Baltimore, to carry out the defence of her citizens. Forty-
two thousand six hundred and thirty-six soldiers were Maryland's
quota of the War of 1812. The Governor retired to his farm, near
Princess Anne.

In 1816, Governor Winder was returned to the Senate of Mary-
land. He was a prominent Mason and was grand-master, in 1814r-15.
At the time of his death in Baltimore, July 1, 1819, he was Senior
Major-General of the State Militia. In person and presence. Governor
Levin Winder was very firm. He was eloquent, moral, gentlemanly.
Of him his opponent said : " General Winder was incapable of mis-
statement; that he believed his spirit could not possibly bear its
own reproach of anything that was disingenuous."

The camp-chest of General Washington came into the possession
of General Winder and afterward of his son, William Sydney Winder,
who presented it with all necessary documents to Congress, through
John Quincy Adams.

Governor Winder married Mary Sloss. Issue, Edward Stougleton
William Sydney and Mary Anne Stougleton. Edward Stougleton
Winder married Elizabeth Tayloe Lloyd, daughter of Revolutionary
Colonel Edward Lloyd. Their daughter, Elizabeth Tayloe Winder
married Charles Josias Pennington, father of Josias Pennington, of
Baltimore, of the firm of Baldwin & Pennington. Charles S. Winder,
son of Edward S., was the Confederate General who was killed at
Cedar Mountains.

( GOVERNOR CHARLES CARNAN RIDGELY,

Governor Charles Carnan Ridgely, seventeenth Governor of
Maryland (1815-18), was born in Baltimore County, December 6,
1762. He was the son of John Carnan and Achsah Ridgely. In
obedience to the will of his uncle. Captain Charles Ridgely, of
"Hampton," he assumed the Ridgely name and was placed at the
head of the entail of "Hampton." His wife was Priscilla Dorsey,
daughter of "Caleb of Belmont," sister of his uncle's wife. She bore
him the following heirs: Charles — Maria Campbell; Rebecca —
Judge Charles Wallace Hanson; John Carnan Ridgely — first. Pru-
dence Gough Carroll; second, Eliza Eichelberger Ridgely (of Nicholas
Greenberry Ridgely and Eliza Eichelberger.) The estate descended
to their son. Captain Charles Ridgely, who married Margaret Sophia
Howard (of James and Sophia Gough Ridgely) . She was a grand-

260 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

daughter of Governor John Eager Howard and lately held " Hamp-
ton." Her son, Captain John Ridgely — Helen West Stuart, the
author of " Old Brick Churches."

Charles Carnan Ridgely was a Federalist and represented
Baltimore County five years in the Legislature. In 1815, he was
elected Governor by a majority of two votes. In December, 1816,
he sent his message to the Assembly, announcing the cession of Forts
Washington and McHenry to the Government; urged the necessity
of collecting the State's war claim, placing it in charge of Representa-
tive Robert H. Goldsborough. Of that claim, President Madison
said: "The claim of Maryland for her expenses during the war
stands upon higher ground than any other State in the Union."
Yet, only a portion was ever collected. The expenses of that war
exhausted the State's surplus and became the nucleus of a debt,
which caused many serious considerations. During Governor
Ridgely's term, seven counties and two cities, with a majority of
9,000 votes, sent only thirty-two members to the Legislature, while
twelve counties in the minority, sent forty-eight members. This
fact was the beginning of a long and exciting conflict which finally
ended in the reform measures succeeding.

In 1817, "the good feeling era" of President Monroe was inau-
gurated.

/ GOVERNOR CHARLES GOLDSBOROUGH.

Governor Charles Goldsborough, eighteenth Governor of Mary-
land (1818-19), was born at Hunting Creek, Dorchester County,
July 15, 1765. The progenitor of the Goldsboroughs, of Maryland,
was Nicholas, who settled in 1670 on Kent Island. His wife was
Miss Margaret Howes, of Newberry, Berks County, England, by
whom he had Robert, Nicholas and Judith Goldsborough. Mrs.
Goldsborough survived and married George Robbins, of Talbot
Coimty, who held the "Peach Blow" farm, where peaches were first
grown in the United States, brought from Persia by a traveling
brother, who retained his residence in England.

Robert Goldsborough (of Nicholas) married Elizabeth, daughter
of Colonel Nicholas Greenberry, of Greenberry Point. Their son,
Charles Goldsborough, married a sister of Colonel Joseph Ennals.
Robert H., a son of this marriage, became a member of the Contin-
ental Congress and a member of the Committee of Safety. His wife
was Miss Yerbmy, of Passing Hall Street, London. Among his
children was Charles Goldsborough, of Horn's Point, Dorchester
County, a magnificent estate on the Choptank, five miles below
Cambridge, a seat of refinement and hospitality until it passed from
the hands of Hon. Wm. T. Goldsborough some years after the war.
His only child was Sarah Yerbury, who became the second wife of
Hon. Charles Goldsborough, of Shoal Creek farm, near Cambridge.
He was the son of Charles and Anna Maria (Tilghman) Goldsborough
and grandson of Charles Goldsborough, of 1707.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 261

Hon. Charles Goldsborough's first wife was Elizabeth, daughter
of Judge Robert and Mary Emerson (Trippe) Goldsborough, of
Myrtle Grove, Talbot County, who bore him two daughters, viz:
Elizabeth Greenberry married Hon. John Leeds Kerr; Anna Maria
Sarah married William Henry Fitzhugh. On May 22, 1804, he\
married Sarah Yerbury, daughter of Charles and Williamina (Smith)
Goldsborough. By her he had nine sons and five daughters. Hon.
Wilham Tilghman Goldsborough, his son, married Eleanor Lloyd,
daughter of Governor Edward Lloyd; Williamina Elizabeth Cad-
walader married Rev. Wilham Henry Laird, late rector of St. John's
Church, Brookeville, Md.

Hon. Charles F. Goldsborough was a graduate of St. John's
College, member of the bar, married Charlotte, youngest daughter
of John Campbell Henry, of Hambrooks. She was a granddaughter
of Governor John Henry. In 1818, Hon. Charles Goldsborough was
elected by the Federal party Governor of Maryland. During his
term an attempt was made to alter the Constitution in order to give
Baltimore City two additional members in the Legislature. It failed
as did the attempt to relieve Jews of their political disfranchisement.

The people of Baltimore urged that the city furnished capital
and loans in a few hours which could never be obtained in the counties.
It contained one-half of the increase of population in the State. By
its gallant defence it had regained much of its lost popularity induced
by the mob, of 1812. Yet the Governor and Assembly would not
listen to these arguments and defeated the city's claim. The Jews of
the city were now a growing factor of the voting power and they too
had their friends who thus felt aggrieved. These facts were felt in
the counties, and at the next election there was a Democratic majority
in the Lower House, and, on joint ballot, Mr. Goldsborough was
defeated by the young Democrat, Samuel Sprigg.

Governor Goldsborough urged the repeal of the law imprisoning
debtors and it was enacted.

His report upon the turnpike roads to Frederick, York and
Reistertown showed considerable benefit to the State, yet they had
not received much assistance from the State.

In 1819, the first lodge of Odd Fellows in the United States was
instituted in Baltimore by Thomas Wildey. Yellow fever raged
throughout all the cities. The Federalist majority which elected
Governor Goldsborough was reduced and the two parties were about
equally divided. The election of 1819, was bitterly partisan, resulting
in the election of a Democrat.

Governor Goldsborough died in Dorchester County, December
13, 1834.

GOVERNOR SAMUEL SPRIGG.

Governor Samuel Sprigg, nineteenth Governor of Maryland
(1819-21), was born in Prince George County. His father was Joseph
Sprigg, descendant of Thomas Sprigg, who settled in Calvert and
became a Commissioner for the trial of Causes and High Sheriff, in

>^

262 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

y 1664. His son, Colonel Thomas Sprigg and Margaret Osborne, his
wife, held "Northampton," Prince George County. A full-length
portrait of him, in court costume, was long a part of the old " North-
ampton" homestead, which later was bought by Lord Fairfax.
Mary Sprigg, daughter of Colonel Thomas, became Mrs Thomas.
Stockett, Jr.

Osborne Sprigg (of Colonel Thomas) was a leader in politics.
His daughter, Margaret, married Colonel William Bowie and became
the mother of Governor Robert Bowie. By a second wife, daughter
of Colonel Joseph Belt, came Osborne Sprigg, Jr., signer of the
Declaration of Freemen. His brother, Joseph, married, first, Hannah
(Lee) Bowie, and by a second wife was the father of Governor
Samuel Sprigg. "Northampton" came to Governor Sprigg from
his uncle, Osborne Sprigg, Jr.

Governor Sprigg married Violetta Lansdale, first cousin of
Catharine (Lansdale) Bowie, wife of Robert William Bowie (of
Governor Robert) ; these were heirs of General Isaac Lansdale, of
the Revolution, a wealthy planter.

Governor Sprigg's only son was Osborne Sprigg.

Governor Sprigg was elected in 1819, during a campaign of
extreme partisan excitement, in which the Democrats gained a slight
majority on joint ballot. Proscription was the watchword throughout
the State, and many changes were made. Governor Sprigg was
aided by a new Council composed of Democrats, and the first attempt
to revolutionize existing inequalities was the attempted alteration of
the election of Governor, providing for an election by the people.
The Federalists bitterly opposed it, declaring it would throw the whole
government of the State into the power of Baltimore City, with its
one-third foreign vote. It was a fight between city and county
and the Senate defeated it. The City of Baltimore again attempted
to gain additional representatives, but that was also defeated.

A resolution asking that Missouri be admitted without conditions
was sent to the Maryland delegates in Congress.

Criticism of President Madison's conduct of the war gave the
Federalists considerable power in the State, but the Democrats were
victorious at the next election and re-elected Governor Sprigg in 1820
by fifty-seven votes, which was made unanimous. President Monroe
again received the electoral vote of Maryland in 1820. The ensuing
election of Governor in 1821 resulted in honoring Governor Sprigg
for the third time. Governor Sprigg was, later, a strong supporter
of the internal improvements and was a member of the Canal Board
in which he presided as president.

GOVERNOR SAMUEL STEVENS.

Governor Samuel Stevens, twentieth Governor of Maryland
(1823-25), was born in Talbot Coimty and was the son of Samuel
Stevens, who had taken up a considerable estate. He was educated
in the public schools, and in 1804 married Eliza May, of Chester
County, Pennsylvania.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 263

Governor Stevens succeeded Governor Samuel Sprigg, receiving
a Democratic majority of sixty-nine votes on joint ballot. In 1823
he reported to the Legislature the Congressional resolution proposing
an amendment providing for internal improvements.

The report of the Maryland and Virginia Commission for examin-
ing the condition of the Potomac Company, endorsed the formation
of a canal company, along the bed of the Potomac, with a branch
canal connecting Baltimore City. This proposition ended in the
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, with a capital of S6,000,000.

After much discussion, in 1824, the bill enfranchising Jews was
passed.

Theodoric Bland was authorized to survey another canal route
connecting Baltimore City with the Susquehanna River.

Congress made an appropriation for the great rational road to
Cumberland.

President Monroe started on his tour through the coimtry,
followed by a visit from General LaFayette. Annapolis made
extensive preparations for the reception of its distinguished visitor.
He was met at the dividing line of Anne Arundel and Prince George
Counties by Hon. Joseph Kent; George E. Mitchell,t Representative
in Congress; Samuel Sprigg, late Governor; Hon. Jeremiah Townley
Chase, late Chief Justice; Theodoric Bland, Chancellor; Colonel
HenryMaynadier, an officer of the Revolution;^ John Randall,
Collector of the Port. Judge Chase delivered the address of welcome.
The military escort consisted of Captain Bowie's elegant company of
mounted riflemen from Nottingham, Prince George; Captain Sill-
man's troop of horse from South River; Captain Dorsey's company
from West River; Captain Warfield's company from Millersville;
Colonel Charles Sterrett Ridgely's troop of horse from Elk Ridge, and
Captain Hobb's Company of Upper Howard. The entertainment
at the State House is thus described by an eye witness:

"I was a schoolboy at St. John's College. The State Legisla-
ture being in session, the Governor invited General LaFayette to
visit the historic seat of the Continental Congress. My father. Rev.
Alfred Griffith, was at that time Chaplain of the Senate. He was
the son of Captain Samuel Griffith, who had fought with General
LaFayette, and knowing his father's regard for the distinguished
hero, he sent for him to be present, to again meet his old companion
in arms. Although but a boy of twelve years, the grand pageant
still lives in my memory. General LaFayette entered the grounds
from the east. Carpeted walks led from the base of the hill to the
old, stately building crowning its summit. On either side of the
avenue leading to the colonaded entrance stood children, principally
girls, clad in white and crowned with flowers, whilst in their hands
they carried bouquets and baskets of flowers. As the old hero
supported on one side by his son and staff, and on the other by the
Governor and State officials, advanced up the aisle, the children
broke into a chorus, " Hail to the Chief," strewing his path with
flowers. Fronting the doorway stood on one side the members of

264 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

the House, on the other the Senators. Having reached the portico,
the General was introduced to the members of both Houses. Then
prominent citizens pressed forward to be presented. When the
Governor named my grandfather and gave the battles of Brandywine
and Germantown in which he had fought, the old men rushed into
each other's arms and wept like two children. This scene made an
impression on my young mind which can never be erased." —
(Griffith's Genealogy.)

Governor Stevens left no son. Descendants of a daughter still
reside in Cambridge, Maryland. The following is an obituary notice
of him :

" On 7th instant (1860) at 'Compton,' near Trappe, his beautiful
residence, died Ex-Governor Samuel Stevens, in his eighty-second
year. Thus has another, and about the last, of the strong pillars
which characterized the last generation, toppled and fallen."

GOVERNOR JOSEPH KENT.

Upon the expiration of Governor Stevens' term, in 1825, Hon.
Joseph Kent was chosen. He was the son of Daniel Kent, of Prince
George County. He studied medicine and entered into partnership
with Dr. Parran, in Lower Marlborough. In 1807 Dr. Kent removed
to the vicinity of Bladensburg and became Surgeon's Mate, under the
State Government. He was promoted to Major Lieutenant Colonel
and Colonel of Cavalry. He presided at the first public meeting in
Washington for the organization of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal,
and became a director. Nominated for Congress, he defeated Hon.
John Francis Mercer. He was Presidential Elector in 1816, casting
his vote for James Monroe. He was elected to the Tenth and re-elected
to Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Congresses, resigning up-
on his election as Governor

At the meeting in Washington over which Dr. Kent presided
was an attempt to connect Baltimore with Cumberland by way of
the Potomac River. Subsequent surveys developed the impractic-
ability of this enterprise.

At a meeting held in Baltimore in 1827 the idea of a railroad was
first developed. Dr. Kent was on the committee which reported in
favor of immediate efforts to establish a double track between Balti-
more and some point on the Ohio River. He, with Charles Carroll,
of " Carrollton," Charles Ridgely and others, was upon the committee
to secure the charter. This was promptly granted on February 28th.
On April 1st the stock was subscribed and on April 28th the company
was organized by electing Philip Evan Thomas president. On July
4, 1828 the corner stone was laid by Charles Carroll, of " Carrollton,"
with civic honors. Governor Kent, in his message to the Assembly,
urged the support of both rival enterprises. He also urged the
United States to grant Maryland her portion of the public lands, to
be devoted, as the Western States were doing, to the cause of
education. He suggested the propriety of changing the mode of

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 265

electing the President and Vice-President; urged the Legislature to
dispose of its three per cent. United States stock, worth then eighty
per cent., to be invested in a sinking fund.

The national Republican party was friendly to John Quincy
Adams and opposed to Andrew Jackson.

Governor Kent was Vice-President of the first convention which
met in Baltimore. After a bitter contest upon the platform of the
Whigs he was elected United States Senator and served four years.

Dr. Kent married, first, Eleanor Lee Wallace, daughter of Dr.
Michael and Eleanor (Contee) Wallace, granddaughter of Colonel
Thomas and Sarah (Fendall) Contee. Mrs. Contee was a very
beautiful woman with a wealth of golden hair, and Colonel Thomas
Contee left a portrait which reveals a mild, handsome face, powdered
hair, ruffled shirt and stock. His inheritance was " Brookefield,"
the home of his mother, Jane Brooke. His wife, Sarah Fendall, was
the daughter of Benjamin and Eleanor Lee, who was the daughter of
Philip Lee and Sarah Brooke. Benjamin Fendall was the son of
Colonel John Fendall and his wife Ellen Hanson, and grandson of
Governor Josias Fendall, of 1655.

Governor Kent had, by his first wife, five children, one of whom
became the wife of Governor Thomas G. Pratt. One of his descend-
ants, Joseph Gates Kent, recently died in Baltimore. Dr. Kent
married after 1826 Alice Lee Contee, of Charles County, leaving no
issue. He died at his family residence, "Rose Mount," November
24, 1837. He was succeeded in 1828 by Daniel Martin.

- GOVERNOR DANIEL MARTIN.

Governor Daniel Martin, twenty-second (1828-29) and twenty-
fourth Governor (1830-31), was a native of Talbot, son of Thomas
and Hannah Martin, grandson of Tristam and Mary Oldham, descend-
ant of Daniel and Ann Martin of 1725.

Young Martin was thoroughly educated. Distinguished
ancestors encouraged him; they were Dr. Ennals Martin, the celebrated
physician; James Lloyd Martin, whose ability was never surpassed;
Robert Nichols Martin, son of Judge William Bond Martin, member
of Congress.

Daniel Martin married in 1816 Mary Clare Mackubin, of
Annapolis, a descendant of John Mackubin, of the Severn, a Scottish
immigrant, connected by marriage with both Howards and Carrolls.

At the time of Governor Martin's election, the absorbing ques-
tions were the rival sources for internal improvements. In 1828 the
first spade of earth was removed from the bed of the canal by Presi-
dent John Quincey Adams. Thirty-four sections were put under
contract. The United States subscribed $1,000,000; Washington
City $1,000,000, and the State of Maryland $500,000.

Governor Martin reported the completion of twelve miles of the
Washington turnpike.

Governor Martin was upon the committee which secured a
charter for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1827. He was an

266 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

earnest and able advocate for developing educational institutions.
He favored manufacturing in the penitentiary; urged the economy
of having but few State officers and was in favor of holding them to
a strict accountability. He said: "To preserve the simplicity of our
institutions is a deep concern ; to guard them as far as possible from
innovation is a sacred duty."

The national contest between the Jackson and anti-Jackson
parties was brought into the State election in 1829, and resulted in
placing the Democratic candidate, Thomas King Carroll, by a joint
ballot of seven votes, in the chair of Governor Martin. At the next
election the anti-Jackson party regained their majority and re-elected
Daniel Martin by a majority of forty-one. His health soon gave way,
early in his second term, and upon his death, in 1831, was succeeded
by Hon. George Howard, son of Governor John Eager Howard.

Governor Martin was endeared to the society in which he passed
his life by his manly and independent course, his liberal sentiments
and his generous hospitality. He had filled several important public
stations with much credit, and died in the occupation of the office of
Chief Magistrate, whose duties he had discharged with dignity and
general satisfaction. His obsequies on the 13th of July, 1831, were
witnessed by a numerous concourse of fellow citizens.

At a special meeting of his Council, Mr. Worthington submitted
the following record for the journal: "We hereby testify our high
esteem for his frank, manly and polite deportment; his hberal,
social and benevolent disposition; his republican simplicity of man-
ners; his firmness and consistency as a politician, and his ever warm
and unerring devotion to what he conceived to be the public good."

" Resolved, That the armorer cause nineteen guns to be fired on
Thursday morning at sunrise and nineteen at sunset, and that the
State flag be half-hoisted, as funeral honors to the deceased."
Similar resolutions were offered in the Lower House and Senate.
Governor George Howard, his successor, in his first message, paid
another eulogy to his predecessor.

GOVERNOR THOMAS KING CARROLL.

Governor Thomas King Carroll, twenty-third Governor of Mary-
land (1829-30), was born in St. Mary's County in 1792. He was the
son of Colonel Henry James Carroll, of St. Mary's, a family connected
with Mr. James Carroll, of "All Hallow's" Parish, Anne Arundel.
Although Colonel Carroll was a Catholic, his children were educated
in the faith of their mother, Elizabeth Barnes King, of Somerset, only
daughter and sole heiress of Colonel Thomas King, of Somerset, a
descendant of Sir Robert King, baronet, whose descendants built the
first Presbyterian church erected in America, at Rehoboth, in 1691.

At twenty years of age, Thomas King Carroll, having graduated
at Princeton with highest honors at the age of seventeen, married
Juliana, daughter of Dr. Henry Stevenson, of Baltimore. He studied
law with General Robert Goodloe Harper. In early life he became
a mason. He advocated the colonization of the negroes and organ-

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 267

ized a company for that purpose and was its president. In 1824 he
was appointed Inspector for Somerset. He was barely of age when
elected to the Legislature. As a speaker he had marked powers.
When chosen Governor his surprise was great.

During his administration the question of electing the President
and Vice-President was under discussion, and he reported to the
Legislature the committees from the several States to form a
convention for changing the prevailing system.

In 1829 the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad had laid its track as
far as the Relay. This was the first road in the United States, and
upon it Peter Cooper put the first locomotive built from his shop in
Baltimore. It was built in Mt. Clare shops, upon the property of a
relative of the Governor. Mr. Cooper himself opened the throttle
and started on his trip to ElHcott's Mills. The right of way for the
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was secured to the State during the same
year and the work of construction was finally begun.

Governor Carroll's message of 1830 suggested an educational
system; advocated the penitentiary as a reformatory, but disapproved
promiscuous social intercourse; advocated the cessation of military
parades, because they drew large crowds from their daily business;
urged an appropriation from Congress for copying Revolutionary
records, then in the archives of Great Britain; recommended the
adoption of relief for Revolutionary soldiers; endorsed the movement
to improve the collegiate department of the University of Maryland
and expressed sympathy for the French then gallantly defending
their rights.

The anti-Jackson party of 1830 recovered its usual majority
in the Legislature and Governor Carroll was succeeded by his
predecessor. Governor Daniel Martin.

Governor Carroll retired to his large estate in Dorchester, near
Church Creek, and lived respected by all, dying at an advanced age,
October 3, 1873. He was buried in the churchyard of the "Old
Church," which was heavily draped, and the entire neighborhood
were mourners. He left "to posterity a noble name unsulhed and
adorned." His children were Dr. Thomas King Carroll, Mrs. John
E. Gibson, Mrs. Dr. Bowdle, Mrs. Thomas Caddock and Misses A. E.
and Mary Carroll. His daughter, Anna Ella, was a campaign
strategist during the civil war.

GOVERNOR GEORGE HOWARD.

Governor George Howard, twenty-fifth Governor (1831-33), was
born at " Belvidere," November 21st, 1789. He was the son of Gov-
ernor John Eager Howard. His mother was the eldest daughter of
Chief Justice Benjamin Chew, of Pennsylvania, and, like her sisters,
was noted for her beauty and fascinating manners.

Hon. George Howard was a Federahst, and upon the death of
Governor Daniel Martin, in 1831, he was appointed Governor to fill
the unexpired term. Early in his administration and continuing
through it began the anti-Mason excitement, which placed William

268 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties,

Wirt, the eminent Marylander in nomination for the Presidency, in
1833. His nomination was in opposition to Henry Clay, Federahst,
but "High Priest of the Masons." The Federal party had elected
Daniel Martin by forty-one majority. In 1832 it gave a still greater
majority of forty-nine for Governor George Howard. With both
wings of the Federal party in array against Jackson, the National
Republican party at the next election secured the election of James
Thomas as Governor to succeed Governor Howard. The Federal
party now became the Whig party. It held sway in Maryland with
varying success until 1852. Its National and State issues called
for a United States bank, internal improvements and a high tariff.

Governor George Howard was a presidential elector in 1837 and
1841, voting both times for William Henry Harrison. His estate
"Waverly" had been taken up by Thomas Browne. It was sold to
John Dorsey (of Major Edward) and by him willed to his son,
Nathaniel Dorsey. From his brother it was bought by Governor
John Eager Howard. It is on the old Frederick road, just south of
Woodstock. During the exciting slavery agitation of 1845 Governor
Howard presided at a Convention called for the protection of slave-
holders. He also presided at a meeting of the people of Howard
County to pass resolutions upon the death of Colonel Gassaway
Watkins, in 1840. He married in 1811, Prudence Gough Ridgely,
daughter of Charles Carnan Ridgely, of Hampton. She bore hin*.
eight sons and five daughters, two of whom married. Eugene Post,-
John Eager Howard, Charles Ridgely Howard, William Waverly
Howard and George Howard were his sons.

Governor Howard died in 1846. "Waverly" has passed from
the family and most of his descendants are in Baltimore or elsewhere.

GOVERNOR JAMES THOMAS.

Governor James Thomas, twenty-sixth Governor of Maryland
(1833-35), was born at De-la Brooke Manor, March 11, 1785. He
was the son of William Major Thomas and Catharine Boarman,
daughter of Mary Brooke, through whom "De-la Brooke" passed
from Roger Brooke to the Thomas family. William Thomas
was the youngest son of John Thomas, of Charles County. He
removed to St. Mary's; was a member of the House of Delegates;
was chosen Captain and Major of the militia; was a member of the
Committee of Safety. His wife was Elizabeth Reeves (of Thomas).

James Thomas was educated at Charlotte Hall, in 1804, and
graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1807. He
practiced with success; was commissioned Major of the Fourth
Maryland Cavalry in 1812 and was subsequently brevetted Major-
General. In 1820 he was elected a member of the Maryland Legis-
lature and was re-elected six times. Li 1833 he became Governor of
Maryland. During his administration much excitement arose from
the "Nat Turner" negro insurrection.

The boundary line between Maryland and Virginia was still unset-
tled, and this dispute caused the Governor considerable correspondence.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 269

In his message he announced the completion of the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad as far west as Harper's Ferry. The road between
Baltimore and Washington was then under construction. He urged
the enrollment of the militia and asked the general government to
apportion Maryland's share of vacant lands.

The disastrous fire in Cumberland, in 1834, and the " Bank Mob"
in Baltimore called for executive action. Governor Thomas met
these with prompt and decisive action, receiving favorable comment.
The cause of the "Bank Mob" was the financial disaster following
President Jackson's withdrawal of Government funds, from the
National Bank. This caused the failure of the Maryland Bank,
which held the savings of many poor people, leading to a bitter
feeling against the bank officers and finally ending in a riot, which
destroyed their houses. The Governor calling out the militia and
appealing to the President for aid soon quelled the riot, but not until
$200,000 worth of property had been destroyed. This the State was
compelled to refund.

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad called on the Legislature for
assistance, and a loan of $2,000,000 was made during the Governor's
term. The State also aided the Susquehanna or Northern Central
Railroad to the amount of $1,000,000.

Governor Thomas died at " Deep Falls," St. Mary's, December
25, 1845. Descendants of Governor Thomas were Dr. Thomas, a
member of the State Grange; Professor Thomas, Principal of Char-
lotte Hall, and Hon. William M. Merrick and Richard Merrick, of
Howard County, sons of United States Senator Merrick, whose wife
was a descendant of Governor Thomas.

" Deep Falls," the Thomas homestead, is situated near the
village of Chaptico. The present mansion was built by Major William
Thomas, in 1745. It is in appearance an English country dwelling-
house, and while its builder aimed at massive simplicity, it is of
graceful and pleasing design and finish. It is a large, double, two-
story frame building, with brick foundations and brick gables to the
upper line of the first story, where the brick-work branches into two
large outside chimneys at each gable end of the house. It is sixty
feet long and forty feet deep, with wide piazzas, front and back, run-
ning the whole length of the house and supported by handsome,
massive pillars. The hall is a large, well-finished square room and
is flanked on one side by a parlor and on the other by a dining-room,
separated by folding doors. The stairway with maple newel posts
and rosewood top, surmounted with an ivory knob, rosewood rail
and bird's eye maple balustrade, extends around the corridors above.

The surrounding grounds, once highly ornamented with shrub-
bery and flowers, are gently sloping and terraced. "Deep Falls" is
still held by its original family and the old grave-yard there, dedicated
to family burial more than a century and a half ago, contains many
successive generations. (Thomas.)

De-la-Brooke, containing two thousand acres, was erected into
a manor, with the right of Court Baron and Court Leet, and Baker

270 FouNDEES OF Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Brooke, eldest son of Robert, was made lord of the manor. The
house at De-la-Brooke stood about a mile from the river, on the brow
of a hill. It was a commanding situation with broad plains below.
It was a brick building, thirty by forty feet, one and a-half stories,
with steep roof and dormer windows. The rooms were handsomely
wainscotted and the parlor was also embellished with massive wooden
cornice and frieze, on which were carved in relief roses and other
floral designs. The house was destroyed many years ago, but a mass
of moss-covered bricks and an excavation still mark the spot where
for nearly two hundred years stood the first manor house on the
Patuxent. (Thomas.)

Near Battle Town is the handsome Taney homestead, the seat
of the distinguished family for many generations and the birthplace
of the illustrious Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney, while separated
from it by Battle Creek is Brooke Place Manor, in later life the home
of Governor Robert Brooke.

K^ GOVERNOR THOMAS WARD VEAZEY.

Thomas Ward Veazey, twenty-seventh Governor of Maryland
(1835-38), was born January 31, 1774, at "Veazey's Neck," Cecil
County, Maryland. He was the son of Edward and Elizabeth
(DeCoursey) Veazey, a descendant (of John) of "Cherry Grove," an
old Norman family, " De Veazie," of the eleventh century. John
settled in Kent County, prior to 1670, and received a grant of land
on Elk and Bohemia Rivers, known as "Veazey's Neck," now in
Cecil. His will of February 28, 1697, names his sons William, George,
Robert and James. The latter married Mary Mercer, whose son.
Captain Edward Veazey, of Seventh Regiment of the Maryland Line,
was killed at Long Island, 1776. Colonel Thomas Ward Veazey
(of Edward) was Colonel of the militia, in the war of 1812 and made
a gallant defence of Frederick Town, in Cecil, against Admiral Cock-
burn. He was a member of the Maryland Legislature during several
sessions; was a presidential elector in 1807 and in 1813, when he
voted for President Madison. He married, first, Sarah Worrell, of
Kent, and had one daughter, Sarah. His second wife was Mary
Veazey, who bore him five children; his third was Mary, daughter
of Dr. Joseph and Elizabeth (Black) Wallace, whom he married in
1812 and she bore him five children.

Colonel Veazey came to the Governor's chair in 1835, when a
strong man was needed.

The most popular act of his administration was the grant of
eight millions of dollars for internal improvements; $3,000,000 were
given to the Canal, and $3,000,000 to Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

This act was hailed with joy in Baltimore, resulting in a dinner
to the Governor and Legislature and accompanied by bon-fires.
Baltimore City subscribed in addition, $3,000,000 loan to the road.

The most exciting event in the administration of Governor
Veazey was the attempt to reform the mode of electing the Senate and
Governor of the State. The discussion had grown stronger with each

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 271

succeeding administration since the election of Governor Ridgely, in
1818. A condensed history of that struggle, from the researches of
Dr. Bernard Steiner, the Librarian of the Pratt Library, is of
interest.

"The electoral college was established by the aristocratic Whigs
of the Revolution and lasted through sixty years until it went down
under the Democratic ideas of Jackson. Major Sprigg Harwood, who
died in 1894, was the last survivor of the electoral college. This
college was composed of two members from each county and one from
Annapolis and one from Baltimore. This body elected fifteen
Senators, each holding property valued at £1,000 current money. A
quorum of the college was fixed at twenty-four. The property
qualification for membership in the college was £500. By this
system of election it was said, "The Senate of Maryland consisted
of men of influence and ability and as such were a real and beneficial
check on the hasty proceedings of a more numerous branch of popular
representatives."

By a special election for electors in 1776, the electors chosen
met in Annapolis, December 9th, and chose the Senate. On February
10, 1777, this body met with the House of Delegates, elected annually
by the people, and thus formed the first Assembly of Maryland.

In 1806 the form of voting for electors was changed from viva
voce to ballot. After 1810 there was no property qualification
needed for Senators.

The Senate of 1781 were the most distinguished men of the State.
They were unanimously Whigs. The Senate of 1791 and 1796 were
also of the Federalist party, showing the same complexion in the
electorial college. In 1801, the Republicans (Democrats) carried
the Senate, holding the power, also, in 1806 and in 1811. With the
election of 1816 came the first decided opposition to the prevailing
system of election.

Baltimore, with more wealth and nearly the full population of
eight of the smaller counties, had only one-fortieth part of the power
of Legislation, while these counties had two-fifths. Several of the
larger counties joined Baltimore to get a better division.

The Republicans, in 1816, elected twelve of the electoral college.
The Federal returns were twenty-eight, but twenty-two of these
represented only 93,265, while the other six and the twelve Repub-
lican electors represented 176,000 people. Yet a solid Federal
Senate was chosen for five years. In 1821 an entire Republican
Senate was chosen by an electoral college of twenty-eight Republicans
and twelve Federalists. In 1826, a hke Republican majority was
returned, but six of the twenty-two voted with the fourteen Feder-
alists and elected a mixed Senate of eleven Republicans and four
Federalists.

In 1831 an electoral college of twenty-eight National Repub-
licans and twelve Jackson men elected a Senate entirely composed
of National Republicans. This was the last peaceful election under
that system. The spirit of reform was in the air. The election of
Jackson as the Democratic President swept the country.

272 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

In Maryland, Jackson and VanBuren found their supporters
chiefly in Baltimore and the large counties. In 1836 Van Buren
supporters elected nineteen electors and the Whigs twenty-one. In
that election, Baltimore with a vote of 10,000 and Annapolis with a
vote of 300 each sent one elector, while Frederick County with a vote
of 6,000 and Charles County with a vote of 567 each sent two.
Baltimore, Harford, Washington, Frederick and Baltimore City
sent Van Buren electors. Montgomery sent one of each party.

Congressman Francis Thomas, of Frederick County, finding that
the majority of the electoral college represented but 85,179 white
men, while the minority was chosen from counties and towns with a
population of 205,922 white men, organized a revolt. The Whigs
had but twenty-one and a quorum required twenty-four. The nine-
teen Van Buren men determined to refuse to enter the college until
assured by the Whig members that they would not vote for a Senator
who would oppose calling a Convention of the people and also to
elect eight Van Buren men as Senators, so as to give a majority of
that body known to be favorable to a radical revision of the Consti-
tution, granting equal rights and privileges. No action having been
taken in reply, the nineteen Van Buren electors met at City Hotel
and offered propositions. Mr. Thomas was in Annapolis directing
the negotiations. As no compromise was in sight the "nineteen"
went to their homes, leaving the Whigs in Annapolis, waiting for
help to organize.

In the meantime meetings were held. At one in Baltimore,
John V. L. McMahon, the historian, spoke eloquently in support of
the Whig position and opposed "the bold proposition to overthrow
the whole Government at one blow."

The Whig electors issued an address in reply to that of the Van
Buren nineteen, claiming that if they had gone into the college they
would have found advocates of their reforms, and thus discussions
filled all channels until another election day for members of the House
came, which proved to be a defeat for the Van Buren nineteen.
Counties which had sent Democrats now returned Whigs. In all
there were sixty Whigs to nineteen Van Buren men. Immediately
upon this election Mr. John S. Sellman, of Anne Arundel, regarding
the election as an instruction from his constituents, entered the
college. Mr. Wesley Linthicum from Anne Arundel refused to enter.

Dr. Washington Duval from Montgomery refused, not consider-
ing the election a defeat to Van Buren, but demanded a Convention.

Criticisms were loud upon the revolutionary conduct of Gov-
ernor Francis Thomas. Mr. Sellman, of Anne Arundel, attempted to
bring about a compromise, saying that he would not enter the college
until a quorum was secured, and such a quorum could not be obtained
without a compromise of conflicting interests.

The Whigs only replied by calling his attention to their address
to the people. Thus his efforts proved futile.

The National election, a few days later, proved a complete over-
throw of the Van Buren party in Maryland.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 273

Governor Veazey now came to the front and issued his proclama-
tion, declaring the Senate elected in 1831 shall continue to be the
Senate of Maryland, and shall so continue until superseded by the
election of successors, as constitutionally and lawfully provided for,
and with the house elected in October last, now constitute the general
assembly of this State. He assembled it to meet on November
21, assigning as his reason the failure of eighteen electors to
do their duty. He further declared, that he would use all the
powers in his office to break up such lawless proceedings. He con-
cluded with a solemn declaration, " that the Constitution of the State
must be preserved until altered, in the manner constitutionally
provided for." Great excitement followed. Major John Contee
called the people of Prince George together and offered " our services
to the executive in case of necessity." Mr. Wesley Linthicum, of
Anne Arundel, determined to yield. Mr. Sellman again addressed
the Whigs to know if they were in favor of Constitutional reform.
They answered, yes, not in a restricted, but a comprehensive sense,
and would elect a Senate in favor of amendment. The Van Buren
men were compelled to surrender unconditionally.

Fifteen Whig Senators were elected, the new Legislature, at the
suggestion of the Governor, provided for the amendments urged by
the nineteen and provided that the election of Governor should be
by the people.

The electoral college was abolished. The Senate was to consist
of one member from each county and the City of Baltimore, elected
by popular vote for six years, one-third going out of office every two
years. The executive council was abohshed and a Secretary of State
substituted.

When the first election under the reformed Constitution occurred,
October 2, 1838, the Van Buren candidate for Governor, William
Grason, "The Queen Anne Farmer," won by a very narrow margin,
while the Legislature was Whig by small majorities in each house.
The so-called "glorious nineteen" claimed much of the credit for
these changes.

Governor Veazey was the last Governor elected by the Senate.
He died in Cecil, June 30, 1842.

OGVERNOR WILLIAM GRASON.

Governor William Grason, twenty-eighth Governor (1838-1841),
was born 1786, in Queen Anne County. He was a Federalist of the
old school and in after years a Jackson Democrat. He served in both
branches of the State Legislature. In 1836, he became the leader of
his party in the contest for a new Constitution and became the first
Governor under it by a very small majority of 300. The excitement
of the close campaign was followed by a riot in Baltimore as the
returns came in. Governor Grason was known as the " Queen Anne
Farmer."

274 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

During his administration, President Louis McLane announced
the completion of the Washington Branch of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad and the advance of the main stem to Harper's Ferry.

The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, by its report of 1839, showed
progress as far as Cumberland. Three millions of dollars had already
been expended, for which the company had receipted. "The State
retained $500,000 to pay premium. The work had proved to be a
stupendous one and the company asked for a modification of the law
of 1836, in order to render certificates more available. When com-
pleted the Canal ought to pay six per cent, dividends, but with the
present appropriation, the company can not keep work going more
than six months."

Governor Grason sent in the first report of the President and
Directors of the Eastern Shore Railroad, showing receipts $40,000
above expenses, he also sent in a report on abolishing imprisonment
for debt, and the report of the Elk Ridge Railroad and its progress.

His message upon the pecuniary embarrassment of the State and
his criticism of the condition of the State's internal improvements
was considered the most important measure of his administration.

The public debt was shown to be $14,587,689. The annual
revenues were barely sufficient to pay the ordinary expenses of
$250,000. We cannot expect the companies now in process of organi-
zation to pay their annual interest promptly.

In 1836 the State had authorized a loan of $8,000,000 from
foreign sources. The money was plentiful and securities in demand.
This has changed and it is impossible to sell our bonds. The Northern
Central Railroad owes the State $200,000; the Eastern Shore road
owes $100,000 more. These debts are due to the wild spirit of
internal improvements. We must resort to rigid economy and
increase our revenues by a moderate tax on real and personal estate.
Two hundred thousand dollars in addition to our present revenue
might be enough for present emergencies.

Governor Grason also urged a change in the Constitution to
limit the power of the Legislature. "Ours is a Constitution for the
judiciary and executive, but not for the Legislature."

His communication to President Van Buren urging the United
States Government to deliver its stock in the Canal Company to the
State upon its assumption of the working expenses, was an able pre-
sentation of the State's demand. Governor Grason's message led to
widespread discussion. It was answered by President Louis
McLane, of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and the Governor
issued an additional message maintaining his position, that the
wholesale hypothecation of the State's bonds was disastrous to the
State and must cause trouble.

In 1840, Governor Grason showed the debt had increased over
one million more whilst the deficits for the year were over a half a
million. His message pointed out the hopeless prospect of realizing
from the Government anything like enough to pay the State's
indebtedness.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 275

He reported the Susquehanna road, Elk Ridge road and the
Tidewater Canal, all finished, whilst there was nothing to be reported
from the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal.

Francis Thomas, President of the Canal, later made an exhaustive
report in which he showed it had already expended $7,000,000, and
when completed it would amount to $9,500,000. The Legislature
thereupon insituted an investigation, on the ground that its manage-
ment was in the interest of the political ambition of its President.

The campaign of 1840, known as the " hard cider and log cabin
campaign," resulted in the election of William Henry Harrison.
His sudden death and the desertion of John Tyler ruined the Whig
party, and in 1841 Francis Thomas, Democrat, was made Governor.

Governor Grason was afterward the nominee for the United
States Senate, but was defeated by the Senate refusing to go into an
election. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of
1851.

His wife was a daughter of Dr. James SulHvane, of Dorchester.
Their son Richard, born 1820, was educated at St. John's College
and was admitted to the bar in 1841. He removed to Elkton,
where he was appointed deputy attorney, then State's attorney.
Removing to Towson, in 1864, he was elected Judge, but was unseated
by the Legislature. Under the Constitution of 1867 he was elected
Chief Judge for fifteen years.

In 1847, he married the eldest daughter of General Charles
Sterrett Ridgely, of Howard County. He died of paralysis at Towson,
in 1893. His father died in 1868.

^' GOVERNOR FRANCIS THOMAS.

Governor Francis Thomas, twenty-ninth Governor of Maryland
(1841-44), was born in Frederick County, February 3, 1799. He
was the son of Francis and Grace (Metcalfe) Thomas, who was the
son of William Thomas, son of Hugh Thomas and Betty Edwards,
of "Montevue." This progenitor descended from the family of
Bishop William Thomas, of Caermarthen, who came from Wales to
Pennsylvania.

Francis Thomas, seventh child of his father, entered St. John's
College, Annapohs, as early as 1811, but as there were no classes
from that date until 1822 was not graduated. He was admitted to
the bar in 1820 and settled in Frankville, Maryland, to practice.

In 1822, 1827 and 1829 he represented his county in the Legisla-
ture, rising to Speaker the last year.

In 1831 he was sent to Congress. He became President of the
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal in 1839-40. When a candidate for Gov-
ernor he fought a duel with William Price. He was the second
Governor under the provision making elections triennial.

Governor Thomas in his message of 1842, made this stirring
review: "The public debt, destroying public credit, has been our
burden. Met by your predecessors in a public spirit, the means are
yet inadequate, a decided course is needed.

276 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

"Baltimore City had borrowed by legislative act nearly
$5,000,000, to pay the interest on which reqiiires $270,000. The
pubhc debt of the State is $15,000,000. The assessment of $196,000,-
000 requires a tax of seventy-one cents in Baltimore and thirty-one
cents in the State.

"The general stagnation of business, depression in prices and
diminution of currency all tend to urge the necessity for an exten-
sion of time for paying taxes. The expediency of using the bank
stock of the State by transferring it to creditors is entitled to
consideration.

" In 1830 the State had means for all its uses, but within seven
years our State debt has been increased $12,000,000 for internal
improvements, and now our State of 10,000 square miles and a popula-
tion of 318,194 is staggering with an undertaking that would test
the resources of Great Britain. Now we must either repudiate or
submit to the tax-gather.

"The 'glorious 19' of Van Buren's forces accomplished good
results, modifying the difficulties of a minority ruling the majority,
but even now the majority of the Senate can repudiate any means
for expressing the will of the two-third majority of the State. The
House and Senate cannot concur in the appointment of officers
controlling the works of improvement. The Governor cannot
appoint.

"The power of these companies is great in its effect upon the
destiny of the State. Their influence has created this debt. If the
minority are to direct and the majority to pay there will always
be difficulty.

"The distributive share of the proceeds of the public lands is
hereby made known. Maryland gets $15,000, but the Government
claims against the State amount to $20,000. So the United States
retains the whole amount and lays claim to the balance. This cry
that the United States would pay our State demands has been our
delusion. High tariff and land sales were the delusions that we
thought would enrich us. These have made oiu-debt, and the result
is a fund not sufficient to pay the interest on bonds held in trust for
the Indians.

" The land bill is as fruitless as ashes. Our public debt, if paid,
must be taken out of our own resources. Whoever thinks otherwise
follows a phantom. Reject any idea that the National Government
can be made to pay State debts.

" The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal reports are not encouraging.
It ought to be completed. The people are willing to be taxed if any
results of returns for outlays are visible. To do so we must amend
the Charter and grant preferred stock to an amount sufficient to
complete the work and to pay the debts."

Governor Thomas also opposed the payment of unnecessary
salaries to Judges. He charged that $500,000 had been wasted. In
his message of 1843 he announced " that our debt had been increased
to over $16,000,000. Our ordinary revenues are only sufficient to

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 277

pay ordinary expenses. The assessment has been reduced from
$196,000,000 to $178,000,000. With interest upon the debt nearly
$2,000,000 in arrears, the tax system, now imperfect, must be
improved. Even the executive office has been curtailed and no
power is given to it to help the State. Pohtical ascendency has done
it. The executive can only suggest. There is a feeling of discontent
by taxpayers. It is unjust to make a portion pay the burden. The
Legislature must see that the law is vigorously carried out. The
sale of stock for internal improvements would not pay our debt.
The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad has not been a burden. It has paid
its interest. The general Government needs all the land sales. We
must remodel our tax laws; exchange the State's stocks in public
works and use its bank stock for debts. This will give relief."

His third message, in 1844, still pointed out a failure to meet
the State's obligations. The Baltimore and Susquehanna Railroad
was not able to pay its interest.

The repudiation talk induced by Governor Thomas' message
became a campaign cry in the next election and resulted in a Whig
victory. Governor Thomas G. Pratt succeeded.

When an attempt was made in 1867 to take the Naval Academy
from Annapolis because of the atmosphere of disloyalty, Governor
Thomas, then in Congress, joined Congressman Philips in an eloquent
defence, which resulted in retaining the Academy, but when the
people were trying to adopt the Constitution of 1867 he asked
Congress to give Maryland a Republican form of Government,
declaring, " I deny utterly here, and have denied it for thirty years,
that there is a Repubhcan form of government in Maryland."

Congress failed to follow the Governor's advice, though many
petitions were sent in from the Federal men of Maryland. The
Constitution of 1867 was secured, notwithstanding all opposition.
Governor Thomas was fearless, active and eloquent and his influence
in every sphere was remarkable. For a long time he lived the recluse
life of his mountain home.

In 1850, as a Delegate to the State Convention, he exerted his
influence to reduce the power of the slave-holding counties of the
State.

On the outbreak of the Civil War Governor Thomas raised a
volunteer regiment of 3,000 men for the Union Army, but refused
to command it. In 1866 he was a Delegate to the Loyalist Conven-
tion at Philadelphia and became a strong opposer of the policy of
President Johnson. In April, 1870, Governor Thomas was appointed
Collector of Internal Revenue for the Cumberland District and
served until March 25, 1872, when he was appointed Minister to
Peru.

He resigned this position in 1875, and returned to his farm,
"Montevue," near Frankville. While walking on a railroad track
he was killed by a locomotive, January 22, 1876.

Governor Thomas was married to Sallie Campbell Preston,
daughter of Governor James McDowell, of Virginia.

278 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

GOVERNOR THOMAS GEORGE PRATT.

Governor Thomas George Pratt, thirtieth Governor of Maryland
(1844-47), was born in Georgetown, D. C, February 18, 1804. He
was a descendant of Thomas Pratt, of Prince George, by his wife,
Eleanor Magriider. Educated in his native town, he studied law,
was admitted to the bar and began his career in Upper Marlborough,
in 1823. In 1832-35 he was sent to the House of Delegates; in 1836
was a member of the electoral college and President of the last
Executive Council of Maryland. In 1838 he was State Senator.

After a fierce contest on the Whig ticket, opposed to repudiation,
he was elected Governor. During his administration he succeeded
in restoring the public credit.

Governor Pratt began his administration by calling on the
Legislature for power to enforce the laws already existing for the
collection of taxes. "From the abundant harvest now at hand, now
is the time to pay our debts;" proposed the renewment of revenue
laws; called for a new assessment and the collection of all bank
direct taxes amounting to $1,000,000; proposed an improvement of
the indirect tax law, especially in executor's and administrator's
accounts; advised to return to the stamp tax; urged the extension
of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad to Ohio. In his message of 1847
his resumption law had brightened prospects and reduced the debt;
referred to the good office of Mr. George Peabody in enabling the
State to borrow and sell in foreign markets; condemned the course
of the Governor of Pennsylvania in his action against the fugitive
slave law.

The Legislature of 1845 passed the biennial Assembly of the
Legislature, thereby saving $30,000 yearly; referred the question
of a new Constitution back to the people; reduced the salaries of
Governor and Legislature and his Secretary of State; abolished the
Chancery Court. In the election of 1846 the Government and
Legislature were sustained by large Whig gains.

During 1846, Governor Pratt in his Proclamation, calling for
two regiments of infantry for the Mexican War, said: "The sons of
Maryland have always obeyed the call of patriotism and duty, and
will now sustain the honor of the State."

Volunteers came from every section, but only one battalion of
Maryland and District of Columbia Volunteers was at first selected,
but companies of volunteers in nearly every county awaited the call
and many went as independent companies. During the war Maryland
supplied 2,500 men. He afterward resumed the practice of law in
Annapolis.

In 1849 he was elected United States Senator to fill the unex-
pired term of Reverdy Johnson, resigned, and was elected for a full
term in 1850. Upon the expiration of his Senatorial term he settled
in Baltimore, becoming an ardent advocate for secession. For a
few weeks he has confined in Fortress Monroe. In 1864 he was a

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 279

Delegate to the Chicago National Democratic Convention and to the
Philadelphia Union Convention in 1866. In 1837 he was a presi-
dential elector on the Van Biiren ticket.

Governor Pratt married Adelaide, daughter of Governor Joseph
Kent. He bought the Governor Ogle residence in AnnapoHs, corner
of King George and College Avenues. He was a man of distinguished
presence and an able speaker. He died in Baltimore, November 9,
1869, when the following resolutions were passed by the bar of
Baltimore:

"Resolved, That we remember with gratitude and with pride
the noble disregard of personal popularity to the discharge of his
duty which marked the official course of our lamented brother, when,
as executive of Maryland, he linked his name forever with the re-estab-
lishment of good faith of the State." He was with Clay, Webster and
Calhoun in the Senate and his arguments in the Maryland reports
showed his ability. His funeral services were held from St. Anne's
Church, Annapolis, November 11, 1869. Governor Oden Bowie and
Staff were in attendance. George Peabody, whose aid was combined
with Governor Pratt in redeeming the State, died on November 4th
of that year. Governor Pratt left a widow and several children.

S/^ GOVERNOR PHILIP FRANCIS THOMAS.

Philip Francis Thomas, thirty-first Governor of Maryland
(1848-51), was born at Easton, September 24, 1810. He was the
oldest son of Dr. Tristram and Maria (Francis) Thomas and grandson
of Tristram and Elizabeth (Martin), and great-grandson of Tristram
Ann (Coursey) Thomas, daughter of Christopher. His mother was
the daughter of Philip and Henrietta Maria (Goldsborough) Francis,
granddaughter of Tench Francis, Attorney-General of Pennsylvania,
in 1744, a descendant of Philip Francis, Mayor of Plymouth, in 1644,
and father of Sir Philip Francis, the reputed author of " Letters of
Junius."

Philip Francis Thomas was educated at Easton Academy and
Dickinson College; was admitted to the bar in 1831; was a member
of the Legislature in 1838 and subsequently was in Congress in 1839-
41; was elected Governor in 1848.

On January 3, 1848, he laid before the Legislature a message of
great force on constitutional reforms and retrenchments; he was in
favor of the resumption of the payment of State debts; urged the
effective collections of taxes; favored a call for a Constitutional
Convention; started a "Reform Party," which re-elected him. His
next message showed marked financial improvements; removed the
doubts and restored confidence by meeting all obligations; and
predicted by strict adherence to his suggestions the entire debt would
be extinguished in thirteen years. His closing words were, in urging
a new Constitution, "unless the Legislature yields to the wishes of
the people, the sanction of the Legislature will no longer be invoked."
This warning resulted in a "reform bill," which passed both Houses.
It called a Convention; adopted a Constitution which went into

V

280 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

effect in 1851. By that Constitution Baltimore City gained five
members and the counties lost seventeen members in the Assembly.
Governor Thomas was elected Comptroller of the Treasury in 1851;
resigned it in 1853, and was made Collector of the Port in Baltimore
under President Pierce; was offered, but declined, the Governorship
of Eutah; was appointed by President Buchanan Secretary of the
Treasury, which he resigned in 1861; was again elected a member of
the Legislature, during which session he was elected United States
Senator, but was refused admission because of alleged disloyalty.
In 1868 he was elected to Congress, where he became an able repre-
sentative. He was afterward returned to the Maryland Legislature
and became Chairman of Ways and Means.

Governor Thomas married, first, Sarah Maria Kerr; second,
Mrs. Clintonia (Wright) May. His daughters are Mrs. Sophia Kerr
Trippe, Mrs. Maria Thomas Markoe and Mrs. Nannie Bell Hems-
ley. Governor Thomas died in 1890. Mrs. Clintonia Thomas
has outlived all of her sisters and brothers.

GOVERNOR ENOCH LOUIS LOWE.

Governor Enoch Louis Lowe, thirty-second Governor (1850-8),
was born 1820. He was the son of Lieutenant Bradley S. A. Lowe,
a graduate of West Point who served through the War of 1812. His
mother was Adelaide Bellumeau de la Vincendine. Their residence
was the "Hermitage," a fine estate of 1,000 acres, about three miles
from Frederick, on the Monocacy River. There Enoch Louis Lowe
was born. Lieutenant Lowe was the the son of Lloyd M. and Rebecca
(Maccubbin) Lowe and grandson of Michael and Ann (Magruder)
Lowe, all of Western Maryland.

Enoch Louis Lowe was educated at Frederick and from there
went to a college near Dublin and then to the Roman Catholic College
of Stonyhurst, Lancashire, England, where he remained until 1839.
He was admitted to the bar in 1842. In 1845 he was elected to the
House of Delegates, becoming an able and eloquent champion of
democracy in Western Maryland. In 1850, whilst quite young, he was
elected Governor. A new Constitution was about to be adopted.
Governor Lowe suggested the following amendment: First, a revision
of the election laws; second, a revision of the criminal code in regard
to the inequality of punishment, pardons and remissions of fines;
Third, a modification of the tax on civil commissions; ascertainment
of the number and salaries of deputy clerks, and an entirely new
system of issuing licenses.

In his message Governor Lowe recorded: " It gives me profound
pleasure to announce the completion of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad to the Ohio River. This opens up wealth for our own State.
The Washington branch has paid a capitation tax of $59,826.29 and
the road is highly satisfactory, but misfortune seems to attend the
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. A year ago I announced its completion,
but the Spring tide has crippled it, causing a loss of $100,000, but its
revenue, $250,000, will enable it to pay interest in 1854. The Sus-

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 281

quehanna Railroad is advancing and with the exception of the canal,
the internal works are helping the State, and the finances are now on
the advance. From direct and indirect revenue laws and internal
improvements the State will realize $1,500,000. The new assessment
will probably reach $50,000,000." Upon that basis he urged a
reduction in taxation. "The sinking fund has been pronounced a
fallacy, but taxpayers pay no more to the sinking fund upon bonds
of the State purchased for and held by the State for its use, than they
would if held by pubhc creditors. The debt is still over $15,000,000,
less the sinking fund. Said my predecessor, * It has been my duty,
owing to pressing debt, to seize upon every expedient by which money
could be placed in the treasury. It will, I trust, be my successor's
pleasure to recommend the repeal of those taxes which have proved
most oppressive to the people of the State.' Following that wish, I
recommended last year a reduction of twenty per cent, on direct
tax. I recommend now a reduction of forty per cent."

His message of 1854 urged that the execution of criminals should
be private. The canal was then in good condition. The Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad was leading to success. The Washington branch
had increased its revenues and the sinking fund had reached
$3,000,000. He had underestimated the increase of the new assess-
ment when placed at $50,000,000. The gross amount of taxable
bases had reached $261,243,660, an increase of $68,421,081. The
reduction in taxation has given tangible relief.

In 1857 the position of minister extraordinary and plenipoten-
tiary to China was offered him, which he declined.

He was a Democratic elector in 1860 and voted for John Cabel
Breckinridge for President. He was present when Governor T.
Holliday Hicks gave his assent to the burning of the bridges leading
to Baltimore, in order that Northern soldiers might not be able to
pass through the city. In 1861 Governor Lowe went south and
remained during the war. In 1866 he removed to Brooklyn, New
York, and practiced law, bearing with him letters from distin-
guished Southern leaders.

He married May 29, 1844, Esther Winder Polk, daughter of
Colonel James and Anna Maria (Stuart) Polk, of Princess Anne, son
of Judge Wilham Polk, of the Court of Appeals, a cousin of President
Polk. Mrs. Anna Maria Stuart Polk was the daughter of Dr.
Alexander Stuart, of Delaware.

Governor Lowe had eleven children: Mrs. Austin Jenkins and
her sister, Mrs. Jenkins, are daughters; his sons are in New York,
Chicago and San Francisco.

Governor Lowe died August 27, 1892.

^ GOVERNOR THOMAS WATKINS LIGON.

Governor Thomas Watkins Ligon, thirty-third Governor (1853-7),
was born in Prince Edward County, Virginia, 1812. He was the son
of Thomas D. Ligon, whose wife was a daughter of Colonel Thomas
Watkins, an officer under General Washington, in command of a

282 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

troop of horse raised by his own exertions in Prince Edward County,
and took an active part in the battle of Guilford, North Carolina.
His ancestors on both sides were in the Revolution. His father died
young, leaving Thomas Watkins and James in the care of their
mother.

At an early age Thomas Watkins Ligon was sent to Hampden
Sidney College, where he was graduated, and completed his education
at the University of Virginia, after which he entered Yale Law School.
Returning to Virginia, he was admitted to the bar and removed to
Baltimore.

In 1840 he married and removed to Howard County, near Ellicott
City.

In 1843 he was elected to the Legislature, after which he was
sent to the Thirtieth Congress.

In 1853 he was elected Governor to succeed Governor Lowe
under the Constitution of 1851 for four years. He was a Democrat
and was confronted by a Whig Legislature in the height of the Know-
Nothing excitement. He sent a message to the Assembly in which
he took a strong stand against secret poHtical parties, declaring, " All
history warns us that a war of races or sects is the deadliest curse that
can afflict a nation." In that message he asked for a committee to
investigate the prevailing reports then circulating concerning the
secret movements of that party. The Legislature assented to his
request and a committee was ordered. The majority of that com-
mittee refused to enter into an investigation, but contented them-
selves in attacking the Democratic party, on which the Governor
stood. The minority report sustained the Governor's charge. The
State was soon convinced of the correctness of the Governor's charges
in the succeeding election for the Mayor of Baltimore.

Failing to get the co-operation of Mayor Swann in correcting
the abuses then prevalent. Governor Ligon issued a special message
to the Legislature in which he deplored the partisan discord in the
election in Baltimore.

At the next election the Democratic candidates withdrew and
the judges of the elections resigned. Voters appealed to Governor
Ligon for protection. He went to Baltimore and commenced a
correspondence with Mayor Swann, and failing to get the Mayor's
consent to co-operate, issued orders to call out the militia to protect
voters ; at the instigation of the citizens of Baltimore, a compromise
was effected; he revoked the call, but the result of the election was
so unsatisfactory and abuses were so palpable, that Governor Ligon
in his next message made a vigorous attack upon the returned
members. The House refused to receive his message, but the
Governor's forcible arguments and earnest efforts started a reform
movement in Baltimore which ended in a conservative victory.

Retiring from office he resumed farming; took interest in
advancing institutions of learning and religion. He was president
of the Patapsco Female Institute and member of several charitable
institutions.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Hpwabd Counties. 283

He died at his home, near Ellicott City, January 12, 1881, in
the seventieth year of his age.

Governor Ligon married, first, Salhe Dorsey (of Charles Worth-
ington Dorsey). Issue, Mrs. Dorsey Thompson. His second wife
was Mary Tolley Dorsey, sister of his first wife. Two daughters and
one son, Charles W. Dorsey Ligon, survive.

'/ GOVERNOR THOMAS HOLLIDAY HICKS.

Thomas Holliday Hicks, thirty-fourth Governor and United
States Senator of Maryland (1857-61), was born September 2, 1798,
about four miles from East New Market, Dorchester County, Mary-
land. He was the son of Henry and Mary (Sewell) Hicks, who was
a relative of General Sewell, of the American army. They were
members of the Methodist Church and had eleven children.

Thomas Holliday Hicks attended school near home. In 1824
he w^as elected Sheriff. Purchasing a farm on the Choptank, from
there he was sent to the Legislature.

In 1833 he removed to Vienna and became a merchant, running
a line of boats to Baltimore.

In 1836 he was elected a member of the State Electoral College
which then had the election of the State Senate, Governor and his
Council. The election was a deadlock, lasting two months, and
resulted in considerable disorder. Whilst at Annapolis Mr. Hicks
was elected a member of the Legislature which made the Senate
and Council elective.

In 1837 he was a member of the Governor's Council, and in 1838
Governor Veazey appointed him Register of Wills in Dorchester
County, which he held by reappointment until 1851, when that office
was made elective.

In 1857 Mr. Hicks was nominated and elected Governor by the
American Party, from January, 1858, for four years. His adminis-
tration covered a momentous period. His efforts to stop the move-
ment of government troops through Maryland were not effectual.
Both President Lincoln and Secretary Seward endorsed General
Butler in his plan of route.

Governor Hicks visited President Lincoln to sue for sick Con-
federate soldiers and was in correspondence with Southern Governors
with a hope of averting conflict, but when the war had begun he gave
the Union cause his untiring support in encouraging enlistment and
supporting the soldiers of the army. The city of AnnapoHs being
full of soldiers. Governor Hicks called the Legislature to assemble at
Frederick " to take such measures as in their wisdom they may deem
fit to maintain peace." That Legislature tried to discharge the
duties devolved upon it; by a vote of fifty-three to twelve the House
declared against secession, yet, later, every member was arrested by
military orders and thrown into prison.

At the close of his term, in 1863, he was appointed United States
Senator by Governor Bradford, to fill the imexpired term of James
Alfred Pierce, and his selection was ratified at the next annual elec-

284 Founders of A>ine <;\.rundel and Howard Counties.

tion. He had now become a thorough RepubUcan and a member
of the Union League. Although a slave-holder, he voted for the
Constitution of 1864.

Having, in 1863, sprained a leg, erysipelas set in, which neces-
sitated amputation. In the height of his notoriety he died from
apoplexy, February, 1865.

Governor Hicks was married three times. His first wife was
Ann Thompson, of Dorchester; second, Leah Raleigh, of Dorchester;
third, Mrs. Mary Wilcox, widow of his cousin, Henry Wilcox.

B. Chaplain Hicks, of Baltimore, is the only living son, A full
length portrait of Governor Hicks hangs in the State House.

V GOVERNOR AUGUSTUS WILLIAMSON BRADFORD.

Governor Augustus Williamson Bradford, thirty-fifth in line
(1861-5), was born in Belair in 1806. His parents were Samuel and
Jane (Bond) Bradford, both of English parentage. He was well
educated and became a surveyor. He studied law with Otho Scott
and was admitted to the bar in 1827. Removing to Baltimore, he
became a prominent member of the Whig party. He was an elector
for Clay in 1844, but took no part in poHtics until 1860.

In 1835 he married EUzabeth Kell, daughter of Judge Kell, of
Baltimore.

Governor Pratt appointed Mr. Bradford Clerk of Baltimore
Coimty, and Governor Hicks made him a Peace Commissioner in
1861. That same year, upon the first ballot, Mr. Bradford was
nominated as the Union candidate for Governor. He was elected
by 31,000 majority and was inaugurated January, 1862.

A full history of his administration covers the history of the war.
He was willing to aid the government, but he resented any military
interference in State elections, yet he presided at a large meeting in
which the President was authorized to require the oath of allegiance,
and at that meeting a resolution was passed which General Wood
declared "would send 20,000 men to swell the army of Jefferson
Davis."

The invasion of General Lee's army in 1862 urged Governor
Bradford to issue a call for the citizens to enroll themselves in military
companies.

In 1863, on a second invasion, the Governor called for 10,000
volunteers, and armed all who volunteered; many aged men offered
themselves for home defence. Three regiments were formed in 1863.

After the battle of Gettysburg, Governor Bradford appointed a
day of thanksgiving.

f On hearing a rumor that troops were to be sent to the polls in
1863, Governor Bradford wrote to the President, protesting against
it. The President's reply was not satisfactory and the Governor
issued a proclamation in opposition to the orders of General Schenck.
The latter issued orders to the papers not to publish the Governor's
proclamation. In his message to the Legislature upon Schenck's
action the Governor declared, " A part of the army was, on election

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 285

day, engaged in stifling the freedom of election in a faithful State,
intimidating its sworn officers and obstructing the usual channels
between them and their executive."

At the January session of the Legislature the Governor reviewed
the question of negro emancipation and called a convention to meet
in Annapolis in 1864. This convention abolished slavery and issued
the Constitution of 1864, which disfranchised all who sympathized
with the rebellion. That Constitution granted the right of soldiers
in the field to vote, and agents were sent to the army to receive the
vote. Knowing that this innovation would be fought out in the
courts, the Governor was particularly explicit in his instructions.
Sixty points of exceptions were taken to the courts and the arguments
consuiped two days. The Governor's opinion was an able presenta-
tion of the case. The new Constitution went into effect in November,
1864, and slavery went down by the people's vote, some time before
it had disappeared elsewhere by military orders.

In 1864, upon a Confederate raid, the Governor's house was
burned, in retahation, it was claimed, for the burning of Governor
Letcher's mansion in Virginia. He never received any pay for its loss.

Governor Bradford's attachment to the Union was expressed in
these words: "The loyal men of Maryland have no parties to sustain,
no parties to create, no parties to revive; but the Union and its
preservation is their only object." He attended the convention of
loyal Governors in 1862.

On the inauguration of his successor, Thomas Swann, Governor
Bradford spoke thus: "This Maryland, this loyal. Union-loving,
freedom-loving Maryland, this upward-bound, expanding, regener-
ated Maryland — this is, indeed, our Maryland." Applause and
thanks were tendered him for his able administration.

In 1867 Governor Bradford was appointed by President Johnson
Surveyor of the Port of Baltimore. He held it until 1869, when
President Grant removed him, but offered in its stead the position of
Appraiser in Baltimore. This was declined on the ground that it
required mercantile training, which he did not possess.

Governor Bradford was a member of the Methodist Episcopal
Church. Two of his sons, Messrs. Augustus W. Bradford and Thomas
Kell Bradford, are in business in Baltimore.

GOVERNOR THOMAS SWANN.

Thomas Swann, thirty-sixth Governor of Maryland (1865-67))
was born about the close of the first decade of the nineteenth century
in Alexandria. His father, Thomas Swann, was a prominent lawyer
of Washington, and, under President Monroe, was United States
Attorney for the District of Columbia. His mother was Jane Byrd,
daughter of William Byrd, Receiver-General of the Colonies.

Thomas Swann was educated at the LTniversity of Virginia and
became a law student under his father. He was afterward sent by
President Jackson as secretary of the United States Commission to
Naples.

286 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

In 1834 Mr. Swann married Miss Sherlock, daughter of an
English gentleman and granddaughter of Robert Gilmor. His
daughter Louisa, married Ferdinand Latrobe, seven times Mayor of
Baltimore.

Mr. Swann, upon removing to Baltimore, became a director in
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1845, and two years afterward
became president, succeeding Louis McLane. He remained in that
office until the completion of the road to Ohio in 1853, and received
the thanks of the directors for the ability of his administration. Mr.
Swann next was president of the Northwestern Railroad from
Baltimore to Cincinnati.

In 1856 he was elected Mayor of Baltimore and was re-elected
in 1858. During his term he introduced the fire department, the
police and fire-alarm telegraph, the water-works system, the street
car system and Druid Hill Park.

In 1861 he took strong ground against the war. In 1863 he was
elected president of the First National Bank. In 1864 was elected
by the Union party Governor of Maryland, and in January, 1865,
succeeded Governor Bradford. He supported President Lincoln and
was with President Johnson in his measures of reconstruction. As
war measures were no longer needed. Governor Swann began to
remove the disfranchisements of 1864.

When the Police Commission of Baltimore refused to allow a
single Democratic judge, Governor Swann removed the Board and
appointed others. Judge Bond, under a bench warrant, caused the
arrest of these; Judge Bartol, under the " habeas corpus, " decided
their appointment was legal. This decision brought on a riot in
Baltimore. Governor Swann called on President for aid. General
Grant was sent over to investigate; he reported against Federal
interference. At the next election, without a single Democratic
judge of election, the Democrats triumphed, and at the next session
of the Legislature Governor Swann was elected United States Senator.
Under the Constitution of 1864, Lieutenant-Governor C. C. Cox
would have succeeded to the Governor's chair; he still held to the
faith of the party which elected him. Governor Swann determined
to dechne the senatorship and hold his chair in order to aid the
Democrats in securing a new Constitution. For this act he was
applauded by the people, but denounced by his party. Governor
Swann urged a convention for the revision of the Constitution.

Hon. Phihp Francis Thomas introduced in the Legislature a bill
to restore full citizenship in the State of Maryland. This secured
the revised Constitution of 1867.

In his final message of 1868, Governor Swann reported "the
finances of the State prosperous; the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
was making large returns; schools were doing good work; he opposed
negro equality or manhood suffrage; he was not in favor of political
rights for the negroes; Congress has no right to make a Constitution
for Maryland; he objected to the suspension of the 'habeas corpus';
all of these have led to anarchy." He called attention to the comple-
tion of the new Government house for the residence of the executive.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, 287

At the expiration of his term, Governor Oden Bowie, Chairman
of the Democratic Committee, in the campaign which secured the
enfranchised Constitution of 1867, was elected Governor.

In 1868 Governor Swann was honored by the Democratic
Party as their representative in Congress. He was repeatedly
re-elected until 1876. He became Chairman of the Committee upon
Foreign Relations and exerted a marked influence in Congress.

Governor Swann married, as his second wife, Josephine Ward,
the belle of New York, daughter of General Aaron Ward, of Sing
Sing. Her first husband was Hon. John R. Thompson, United
States Senator of New Jersey. She was a popular leader of society
and entertained largely in her Newport cottage. Governor Swann
died near Leesburg, Virginia, July 24, 1893.

GOVERNOR ODEN BOWIE.

Oden Bowie, thirty-seventh Governor of Maryland (1867-72),
was born at " Fairview," Prince George County, Maryland, November
10, 1826. He was the son of Hon. William Ducket and Eliza (Oden)
Bowie, the former of Scotch and the latter of English descent, both
early settlers. Colonel Bowie represented Prince George Coimty in
the House of Delegates and for six years was in the Senate of Mary-
land. Governor Bowie lost his mother when nine years of age and
was sent to St. John's College and St. Mary's College and graduated
there in 1845.

The next year he enlisted in the Mexican War in Colonel William
H. Watson's Battalion of Maryland and District of Columbia Volun-
teers. Colonel Watson was killed at Monterey, dying in the arms
of Lieutenant Bowie, who was the only officer left with Colonel
Watson. He was afterward appointed Senior Captain of the Voltigeur
regiment, one of the ten regular regiments of the army. This office
he resigned because of illness, brought on by the climate. In 1847,
at the age of twenty-one years, he was elected to the House of
Delegates, returning several times. In 1860 he was elected President
of the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad, in which he won national
reputation for his ability. In 1864 he was a candidate for Lieutenant-
Governor, but defeated by C. C. Cox. In 1867, he represented Prince
George County in the Senate of Maryland and in November, 1867,
was elected Governor, but in consequence of the provision of the new
Constitution, which permitted Governor Swann to serve his four
years' term, Governor Bowie did not take his seat until January, 1869.

Governor Bowie's message of 1870 reads: "Two years of health,
peace, contentment and average prosperity have been granted us.
Our debt is now $12,000,000; our bonds and stocks amount to
$7,000,000; our balance due is $5,000,000, offset by bonds of internal
improvement amounting to $19,000,000."

He urged that our school system be placed under a board of
commissioners; he favored immigration and urged bureaus of agri-
culture and mechanic arts be established; he urged that support be
given to the Western Maryland Railroad ; that a general road system

288 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

be organized — and asked that our war claims against the Government
be collected. The Legislature was entirely of one political party.
His message of 1872 again urged immigration as a necessity under
our present system of labor.

During his term the difficulty with Virginia upon the limit of
oyster beds was settled. He collected the arrearages of the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad and secured the payment of the large loans Maryland
had made to the Government. He also secured a large quantity of
arms from the Federal Government. Governor Bowie reported a
wonderful improvement in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal.

At a dinner given at Saratoga Governor Bowie established the
celebrated " Dinner Stakes and Breakfast Stakes," which made the
Maryland Jockey Club a noted organization. He bought the Pimlico
race course. Introduced from his own estate the Southdown and
Cotswold sheep into Druid Hill Park.

In October, 1873, Governor Bowie was elected President of the
Baltimore City Passenger Railway, in which he paid off the park tax
of $100,000 and advanced the value of the stock from fifteen per cent,
to thirty-five per cent. As President of the Maryland Jockey Club,
he brought it to its highest success.

Governor Bowie married Miss Alice Carter, daughter of Charles
H. Carter, a descendant of "King Carter," of Virginia, sister of the
distinguished attorney, Bernard Carter. Her mother was Rosalie
Eugenie Calvert, of Riversdale. Governor Bowie died at " Fairview"
and his remains were interred there. He left seven living children.
Mrs, Bowie died recently and lies beside her distinguished husband.

GOVERNOR WILLIAM PINKNEY WHYTE.

Governor William Pinkney Whyte, who has just celebrated*;his
eighty-second birthday and who has been singularly honored by all
who know him, is the son of Joseph Whyte and the grandson of Dr.
John Campbell Whyte, an Irish patriot, member of the United
Irishmen of 1798, who refused to be reconciled to the union of his
country with England and resolved to make his future home in
Baltimore.

Governor Whyte's mother was Isabella Pinkney, the handsome
and intelligent daughter of Hon. William Pinkney, the nation's orator
and statesman. Starting life in the banking house of George Peabody,
later a law student of Harvard, as early as 1847 he was sent to the
Legislature of Maryland and in 1851 was a candidate for Congress.
This young Democrat could not overcome the Whig majority of his
district, but he became Comptroller of the Treasury in 1853. In
1857 he was once more defeated for Congress. In 1868 he became a
delegate to the National Democratic Convention.

Upon the appointment of Senator Reverdy Johnson as Minister
to Great Britain, Mr. Whyte succeeded to the vacancy in the United
States Senate. In 1871 he was elected Governor, but resigned when
elected to the Senate.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 289

At the expiration of his Senatorial career he returned to Balti-
more and became Mayor of the city in 1882, and was called, in 1888,
to the office of Attorney-General of the State. He was upon the
committee to select a site for the Naval Observatory and one of its
delegates to the Conference of American Republics, in 1889.

Still later, called from his large legal practice, he once more
yielded to the demand to serve his city as City Solicitor, under IMaj^or
Hayes. One of the busiest of men, this octogenarian still stands erect,
dignified, handsome, the idolized statesman and genial friend of all.

In 1847 Mr. Whyte married Louisa D., daughter of Mr. Levi
Hollinsworth. His second wife was Mrs. Raleigh Thomas, daughter
of William McDonald.

Two of Governor Whytes's speeches in the United States
Senate crown him a statesman of the highest order. The first was
his almost solitary stand against the fierce pohtical clamor against
President Johnson, in which he defeated the combined opposition,
and his still more celebrated objection to the desertion of Samuel
Tilden, by the Democrats yielding to the adoption of the Electoral
Commission. In that speech he pointed out prophetically the very
result which happened, viz: that eight Repubhcans would outvote
seven Democrats.

His warning was unheeded and the elected Democrat had to
make place for the defeated Republican. Governor Whyte's devotion
to his religion, to his friends and to the needy make him our idol.

A biography of Mr Whyte would be a history of Maryland for
that period, so closely has his life been bound up with State affairs.

The long and brilliant political career of Mr. Whyte began in
1847, when he was elected to the House of Delegates of the General
Assembly of Maryland. He has always been a Democrat and has
made many public speeches in behalf of the political principles in
which he believes. He was the representative of the Democratic
party in his first political office and also in the positions of Comp-
troller of the Treasury, Governor of the State, United States Senator,
Mayor of Baltimore and Attorney-General.

In 1899, Mr. Whyte was chairman of the commission which
drafted the present City Charter, and in 1900 he became City
Solicitor. In March, 1903, he resigned as City SoHcitor, and since
then he has devoted himself to his private business, which requires
all his time.

While City SoHcitor Mr. Whyte demonstrated his capacity for
work. The enormous legal business of the city passed through his
hands at that time, but he gave every detail close attention and care.

While in Congress he drafted the laws under which the District
of Columbia is governed.

•^ GOVERNOR JAMES BLACK GROOME.

Governor James Black Groome, successor to Governor William
Pinkney Whyte, was the son of Colonel John C. Groome, of Cecil.
His grandfather Dr. John Groome was a distinguished physician and

290 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

representative of Cecil in the vState Legislature, when only the ablest
citizens were sent. On his maternal side, his grandfather was Hon.
James R. Black, of New Castle, Delaware, Judge of the Superior
Court.

Colonel John C. Groome, father of the Governor, was himself a
candidate for Governor when T. Holliday Hicks was elected. His
son was born in Elkton, April 4, 1838. After a preparatory course
for Princeton College, James Black Groome pursued his legal studies
with his father. He was a member of the Reform Convention which
secured the Constitution of 1867. In 1871 he was elected to the
House of Delegates. After the Legislature had been in session two
weeks an election was held for United States Senator; Mr. Groome
received a flattering vote. In 1873 Mr. Groome was again a member
of the Legislature. He was made Chairman of the Judiciary
Committee and also upon Ways and Means.

Upon the election of Governor Whyte to the United States
Senate Mr. Groome was made the caucus nominee on the first ballot,
and, a few days later, upon joint session, was elected Governor.

His messages were able and dignified State papers. His first
official act was a gracefiil tribute to the friend of his father, Mr.
George Spencer, whom his father had promised to appoint his aid if
elected.

During his term Mr. S. Teackle Wallis made a contest over the
office of Attorney-General. The Governor's decision was in favor
of Mr. Gwynn. The executive mansion was made a centre of true
hospitality. At the end of his term the following able candidates
confronted him for Senator: George R. Dennis, Ex-Governor Philip
Francis Thomas, Hon. Robert McLane, Hon. Montgomery Blair,
Samuel Hambleton, Judge Robinson, Frederick Stump and Joseph
A. Weeks. Yet, at forty-one years of age. Governor Groome was
elected.

After the first election of President Cleveland in 1886 Governor
Groome was appointed Collector of the Port of Baltimore. After
retiring from this office he continued to reside at No. 2 East Preston
Street, Baltimore.

On February 29, 1876, Mr. Groome married Miss Ahce L.
Edmondson, daughter of Colonel Horace Edmondson, of Talbot
County. They had one daughter, Maria.

Governor Groome died in Baltimore, October, 1893. His
funeral services were held in Baltimore and his remains were taken
to Elkton. His honorary pall-bearers were United States Senators
T. S. Cullen and Arthur P. Gorman, Charles N. Gibson, Hon. William
Pinkney Whyte, Mayor F. C. Latrobe, Judge Pere L. Wickes, Judge
Albert Ritchie, Colonel I. E. Jacobs, A. T. Leftwich, I. Freeman
Raisin, Frederick Shriver, Charles H. Mackall, William J. Montague,
I. Boykin Lee and Edwin Warfield, now Governor of Maryland.

Governor Groome's widow married later P. F. Young, cousin
of Governor Groome, now of Philadelphia. The Governor's sister

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 291

was Mrs. Maria G. Knight, wife of Hon. William M. Knight, only son
of William and Rebecca (Ringold) Knight.

Hon. William Knight was in the Legislature when his brother-
in-law was a member. He is now of the Baltimore firm of Frame &
Knight, Commission Merchants.

GOVERNOR JOHN LEE CARROLL.

Governor John Lee Carroll, of "Doughoregan Manor," the
centennial Governor of Maryland, was born at "Homewood," Balti-
more County, in 1830. He is the second son of Colonel Charles and
Mary Digges (Lee) Carroll. His father was the grandson of Charles
Carroll, of "Carrollton," and his mother was the granddaughter of
Governor Thomas Sim Lee, the able supporter of the Revolution.
" Doughoregan Manor" was inherited by Colonel Charles Carroll when
his son, John Lee Carroll, was only three years old.

At ten years John Lee Carroll began his course at Mt. St. Mary's
School. He next entered Georgetown College and afterwards St.
Mary's, in Baltimore. His law course was taken at Harvard Law
School. Entering upon practice from the office of Brown & Brown,
he was admitted to the bar in 1851. Spending a year in traveling
through Europe, he was, in 1855, nominated for the Legislature of
Maryland in opposition to the popular Know-Nothing party of that
j'-ear; after an able canvass he was defeated. In the fall of that
year he removed to New York. There he met and married Anita,
daughter of Royal Phelps, of the extensive importing house in trade
with South America.

In 1861, because of the feeble health of his father, Mr. Carroll
returned to "Doughoregan" in order to manage his father's estate.

In 1862, upon the death of his father, he became his executor.
In 1866 he purchased his brother's interest in "Doughoregan" and
has since made it his residence.

Nominated and elected to the Maryland Senate in 1867, he was
returned in 1872 and in 1874 was made President of the Senate.
His wife died that year and he returned to Europe to place his children
at school. Returning in 1875, he was nominated and elected
Governor of Maryland.

In the succeeding summer Governor Carroll and staff were
invited to represent the State at the Centennial Exposition at Phila-
delphia. Accompanied by Brigadier-General James R. Herbert, the
Governor and staff became the central figure of Maryland Day; when
mounted and at the head of the magnificent body of the Fifth Mary-
land Regiment he rode before the assembled masses to the reception
hall of the exposition. There he met with distinguished honors,
receiving flattering compliments as the illustrious descendant of an
illustrious patriot who risked fortune to secure the benefits now
enjoyed by this generation. In answer to these addresses and
compliments the Governor returned a dignified and graceful
acknowledgement.

292 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties,

Two years subsequent to this Governor Carroll married Miss
Mary Carter Thompson, of Staunton, Virginia, daughter of the late
Judge Lucas P. Thompson.

During Governor Carroll's administration, the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad, in seeking to reduce expenses, brought on a deter-
mined strike of its laborers, which culminated in a riot at Cumberland.
In reply to the authorities, the Governor ordered out the Fifth and
Sixth Regiments of Militia. At Camden Station the sympathizing
mob in Baltimore attacked the Sixth Regiment and set fire to the
station. The Governor promptly called for United States troops,
but before they could arrive the police force of Baltimore, aided by
the militia, had quelled the riot. For their successful fight against
such great odds Governor Carroll publicly and gracefully acknowl-
edged his thanks, complimenting them upon their splendid work.
That celebrated strike gave birth to the Workingman's Party, which
lived for a while and died.

Governor Carroll became an elector during the Cleveland cam-
paign of 1882, in which he made several able and effectual speeches
in his interest. He has been urged to allow his name to be used for
Congressional honors, but refused. Since the death of Mrs. Carroll
and the marriage of his sons and daughters he has spent considerable
time in traveling.

For several years Governor Carroll has been President of the
National Society of the Sons of the American Revolution.

The issue of Governor Carroll and Anita Phelps, his wife, are
Mary Louisa — Comte Jean de Kergoloy; Amelia Maria — Baron Louis
de la Grange; Royal Phelps — Maria Langsdon, of New York;
Charles — Susanna Bancroft; Mary Helen — Herbert D. Robbins, of
New York; Albert Henry and Mary Irene Carroll died unmarried.
Philip Acosta Carroll, born 1879, is the only son of Governor Carroll
by his last wife. He is a member of the Elk Ridge Hunt Club, of
Howard County.

"Doughoregan Manor," under the care of Governor Carroll,
still keeps up its stately and retired grandeur. At its chapel the
neighboring members are accustomed to worship. Under it lies the
remains of its builder, Charles Carroll, of "Carrollton."

Governor Carroll still takes interest in puplic affairs, and at a
recent convention of his party in Howard made a forcible speech on
the proposed amendment to the State Constitution.

Howard County is doubly honored in having its handsome
Ex-Governor and its handsome Governor, both bidding fair to be
still more useful as years roll on.

GOVERNOR WILLIAM T, HAMILTON.

Governor William T. Hamilton, successor to Governor Carroll,
was born near Hagerstown September 8, 1820. He was the son of
Henry Hamilton, of Boonesboro, brother of Rev. William Hamilton,
of M. E. Church. His mother was Mary M. Hess.

William T. Hamilton was educated at Hagerstown Academy
and Jefferson College, Pennsylvania. When six years of age his

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 293

mother died and two years later, his father died. He was brought
up by his maternal uncle, who was of the old Jefferson School of
Democracy, Entering the law office of Hon. John Thompson Mason,
in 1843, he was admitted to the bar. In 1846 he was elected to the
House of Delegates. In 1847 he was defeated. In 1848 he was upon
the Cass Electoral ticket and in 1849 was elected to Congress. He
there voted and spoke in favor of the Clay Compromise Bill. In
1851 he was re-elected to Congress. In 1853 he received his largest
majority for the same position. He supported President Pierce.
Chosen Chairman of the Committee upon the District of Columbia,
he voted for an appropriation to bring water to the city from Great
Falls. In 1855 he again ran for Congress, but was defeated by the
Know-Nothings. He then became associated with Richard H.
Alvey, later Judge of the Court of Appeals. In 1861, Mr. Hamilton
was m-ged for Governor, but declined. In 1868 he consented to be a
candidate for the United States Senate, succeeding WilHam Pinkney
Whyte, who had been appointed to succeed Reverdy Johnson. Mr.
Hamilton exerted considerable influence in the Senate.

In 1875, at the expiration of his term, he became a candidate
for Governor. He was opposed by John Lee Carroll. After an
exciting contest, during which Mr. E. B. Prettyman, a Hamilton
delegate from Montgomery County, spoke all night, Hon. John Lee
Carroll, of Howard County, was nominated.

In 1879 Mr. Hamilton had practically no opposition and was
elected Governor by 22,000 majority, over James A. Gary. His
inauguration was made a popular demonstration. Governor Ham-
ilton's message ^was a vigorous attack upon many of the offices of
the State. He opposed the Insurance Department and the State
fishery force as signal failures. The land office had survived its useful-
ness. He wished to abolish it and place the records under the control
of the Court of Appeals. The expenditure for public printing was too
great; the Legislative expenses ought to be reduced; taxes ought to
be fairly imposed and suggested one tax collector for each county.

Governor Hamilton took great interest in developing all the
agricultural interests of the State. He had a large estate near
Hagerstown and resided upon the beautiful heights of Hagerstown.

Governor Hamilton married Clara, daughter of Colonel Richard
Jenness, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire. They had four daughters
and two sons. Governor Hamilton died in Hagerstown, 1888, and
was buried at Rose Hill Cemetery.

^ GOVERNOR ROBERT M. McLANE.

Governor Robert M. McLane, forty-first Governor (1884-85)
was born in Wilmington, Delaware, 1816. He was the son of Lewis
and Catharine Mary (Milligan) McLane. His father after twenty
years of distinguished service as a representative in Congress, Senator,
Minister to Great Britain, Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary
of State, retired in 1837 and settled in Maryland as President of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

294 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Colonel Allan McLane, of Delaware, grandfather of Hon. Robert
M. McLane, was an officer of distinction in the Revolution. Catharine
Mary Milligan, mother of Robert M. McLane, was a woman of superior
character and accomplishments, eldest daughter of Robert and
Sally (Jones) Milligan, of Cecil. This family descended from, and
was connected with, the Larkins, Baldwins and Chases, of Anne
Arundel County.

After leaving St. Mary's College, Robert M. McLane was taken
to Paris and placed in school. There he engaged the friendship of
General LaFayette.

In 1831 he was appointed a cadet at West Point. After gradua-
tion Mr. McLane was in Congress in 1856 and supported the Mexican
War policy.

In 1856 he was a member of the National Convention which
met in Cincinnati and nominated James Buchanan for President.
In 1859 President Buchanan appointed him Minister Plenipotentiary
to the Republic of Mexico. There he signed the treaty between
Mexico and the United States, for the protection of the lives and
property of our citizens, but our difficulties at home convinced him
of the uselessness of it.

In 1863 Mr. McLane was counsel for the Western Pacific Rail-
road, in San Francisco and New York, during which' time he visited
Europe often. He was a delegate to the St. Louis Convention that
nominated Samuel J. Tilden. In 1879 he was elected State Senator
and in 1878 was elected to Congress. There he became an able
advocate for his State and took a leading part in the exciting debates.
In 1884 he was elected Governor of Maryland. He held his office
only one year, resigning in 1885 to accept from President Cleveland
the charge as Minister to France.

Governor McLane continued to reside in Paris, returning once
a year, except 1887, to look after his estate.

He died in Paris in 1888, nearly eighty-eight years of age. His
body was brought over and his funeral was held from Emanuel
Church. His remains were interred at Greenmount.

GOVERNOR HENRY LLOYD.

Governor Henry Lloyd, forty-second Governor of Maryland
(1885-87,) was born near Cambridge, February 21, 1852. His father
was Daniel Lloyd, youngest son of Governor Edward Lloyd of 1809.

Daniel Lloyd married "Kitty," daughter of John Campbell
Henry, and granddaughter of Governor John Henry. Henry Lloyd
was educated at Cambridge Academy and taught school whilst
studying law. In 1881, he was elected State Senator from Dorchester
County and was returned in 1884, when he was chosen, though the
youngest member of the Senate, its President. In the following
year, upon the resignation of Governor McLane, who had accepted
the mission to France, by virtue of his office became Governor to fill
Governor McLane's unexpired term. At the next election he was
nominated and elected Governor.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 295

Governor Lloyd is a Mason, having served as master four times
and in 1885-86 was Senior Grand Warden. He is a vestryman of
many years' service in Christ Protestant Episcopal Church, Cam-
bridge, Maryland. In July, 1892, he was appointed by Governor
Frank Brown to the bench as associate judge of the First Judicial
Circuit of Maryland. In 1893 he was nominated and elected by the
people to that office for a full term of fifteen years and is now filling
the same. He is also president of the Merchants' National Bank.

In 1886 he married Mary Elizabeth Staplefort, daughter of
William T. and Virginia Staplefort, descendants of old and prominent
families of Dorchester County, Maryland.

GOVERNOR ELIHU JACKSON.

Governor Elihu Jackson, forty-third Governor (1888-92), was
born in Somerset County, 1836. He is the son of Hugh and Sally
(McBride) Jackson, grandson of John and great-grandson of Elihu
Emory Jackson, Judge of the Orphans Court of Somerset.

Mr. Jackson began life as a merchant. In 1863 he removed to
Salisbury and with his father and brothers, entered into his present
lumber business. It was soon extended to branch offices in Balti-
more and Washington. Beside large lumber interests in the State,
the firm owned 80,000 acres of timber in Alabama.

Mr. Jackson was in the Legislature for several sessions, including
the Senate.

In 1887 he was elected Governor to succeed Governor Henry
Lloyd. During his administration the compulsory features of
tobacco inspection were abolished.

An attempt was made to lease the canal to the Western Maryland
Railroad. In 1889 the canal was completely wrecked by freshets
and the State could do nothing for it. Private resources having
failed, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad foreclosed its mortgage.

Governor Jackson recommended a decrease in tobacco ware-
houses, as the production of tobacco had decreased.

In 1890 the Court decreed the sale of the canal.

Governor Jackson is president of the Bank of Salisbury and of
the Seaford National Bank.

He married Nannie, daughter of Dr. William H. Rider, of
Somerset. He has three sons and two daughters.

The people of his district seem loath to let the Ex-Governor
retire to the enjoyment of a well-deserved peaceful life. His name
was prominently before the last Legislature for the Senate of the
United States. His opposing candidates were Ex-Governor John
Walter Smith, Mr. Rayner and Mr. Carter. The withdrawal of
Governor Jackson resulted in the election of Senator Rayner. The
Governor was also in the front in the last campaign.

296 Founders of Anne Aeundel and Howard Counties.

^ GOVERNOR FRANK BROWN.

Governor Frank Brown, forty-fourth in line (1892-96), is the son
of Stephen Thomas Cockey Brown, of " Brown's Inheritance," Carroll
County. His mother was Susan Bennett. He descends from Abel
Browne, the Scottish immigrant and High Sheriff of Anne Arundel,
elsewhere noted.

Beginning his business career in Baltimore, he entered the firm
of R. Sinclair & Company, and was later connected with the State
Warehouse. In 1875 he represented Carroll in the Legislature.

During the campaign of 1885 he became Treasurer of the State
Democratic Central Committee, when the party met with marked
success. As a State representative he was a director in the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad Company. He was Postmaster of Baltimore
under President Cleveland. In 1881 he became President of the State
Agricultural Association, in which he displayed much energy and
made a success in its State Fairs.

In 1891 he was the choice of the people for Governor and was
nominated and elected by 30,000 majority. At the inauguration of
President Cleveland, Governor Brown and staff made a fine display,
but the inclement weather caused him a serious illness.

There were three exciting events in his administration : the veto
of the Legislative bill for taxing mortgages; his action in commuting
the sentence of four murderers of Dr. Hill in Kent County, and the
miners' strike in Allegany County. Opinions were divided upon his
action in the first two, but all united in praising his prompt action
in ordering the militia to the scene of conflict in Allegany. He
accompanied the troops in person and soon restored order.

An unusual number of vacancies occurred during his adminis-
tration in the different judicial districts of the State, all of which
were filled by him.

In the succeeding campaign the Democratic candidate for
Governor was defeated by Hon. Lloyd Lowndes.

At the close of his term he was elected President of the Baltimore
Traction Company, in which office the business was largely increased.
This position he resigned several years ago.

He married in 1879, Mrs Mary (Ridgely) Preston, widow of
Horatio Preston, of Boston, and daughter of David Ridgely, of
Baltimore. She died after his term of service in 1895, leaving two
children, Frank Snowden and Mary Ridgely Brown.

Governor Brown bought out the interests of his cousin, Mrs.
Carroll, in the Springfield estate of Mr. George Patterson. This, in
addition to his father's adjoining property, put him in possession of
a magnificent body of land. He was engaged in farming this estate
when elected Governor. The Springfield estate had long been noted
for its excellent stock, and Governor Brown not only continued that
reputation, but even extended it. After the death of his wife he
sold the Springfield homestead to the State as an asylum for the
insane.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 297

Upon a portion of his estate in Sykesville he has erected several
houses for tenants.

He is a member of several clubs and director in various business
enterprises. Of a genial temperament, he is popular in many circles.
He takes considerable interest in political movements and was active
in organizing a peoples' movement, which resulted in the election of
Mayor Hayes. Governor Brown has devoted much time in traveling
upon the Continent of Europe.

^ , GOVERNOR LLOYD LOWNDES.

Governor Lloyd Lowndes, forty-fifth Governor (1896), the only
Republican Governor since 1867, was born in Cumberland in 1845.
He was the son of Lloyd and Maria Elizabeth (Moore) Lowndes. His
grandfather was Commodore Charles Lowndes, of the United States
Navy, and his grandmother was Elizabeth Lloyd, daughter of United
States Senator and Governor Edward Lloyd. Commodore Lowndes
was born at " Blenheim," upon a commanding hill of Bladensburg, a
survey of Governor Bladen. This estate descended to Elizabeth
Tasker, wife of Christopher Lowndes and mother of Commodore
Lowndes.

Though Governor Lowndes was the first of his family name in
the gubernatorial chair, he was closely connected with six preceding
provincial and State Governors, viz., Samuel Ogle, Thomas Bladen,
Benjamin Tasker, Benjamin Ogle, Edward Lloyd and Henry Lloyd.

Entering Washington College, Pennsylvania, and graduating
from the Law School of Pennsylvania, in 1872, he was elected a
Representative in Congress from a Democratic district, and, though
one of the youngest members, was put upon important committees.
His vote on the Civil Rights Bill defeated his next election.

In 1879 he was a delegate-at-large to the Republican National
Convention at Chicago. In 1895 he was elected Governor, upon a
canvass of reform.

During his administration four important enactments were put
upon the statutes. The first was the establishment of the State
Board of Immigration, the duty of which is to advertise the advan-
tages of the State through reference maps, statistics from each
county, all gratuitously furnished; the Superintendent is required
to visit Europe and solicit a class of immigrants best suited to our
requirements. The Board is also empowered to make special terms
with railroads and steamship lines for reduced rates of transportation.
As an aid to this bureau, a State Geological and Economic Survey
was enacted. This bureau was placed under Professor Clark, of
Johns Hopkins University. Its object is to examine geological
formations with reference to economic products, viz., building stones,
clays and ores; to examine and classify soils and show their adapt-
ability to various crops; to examine the physical features bearing
upon the occupation of the people of the State; to prepare maps
illustrative of our resources, and to make special reports upon all
scientific subjects looking to the development of the State.

298 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

The third enactment was the establishment of Farmers' Insti-
tutes, wherein object lessons of scientific knowledge may be exhibited
to practical farmers. Men, competent to instruct, at convenient
places are required to meet the farmers of the counties and answer
all questions of general interest The board is a part of the work of
the Agricultural College, forming an adjunct to the Experiment
Station. Especial attention is directed to the study of exterminating
all enemies to farm products; to teach the best modes of feeding,
fattening and marketing all farm stock; to teach the best modes of
fertilization of crops. Governor Lowndes was active in his support
of all these measures.

The fourth enactment under his administration was the Election
Law, based upon the basis of the Australian ballot.

Governor Lowndes was a formidable candidate for the L^nited
States Senate, but withdrew early in the contest in favor of Senator
McComas. He received, contrary to the custom, the second nomina-
tion for Governor, but was defeated by Governor John Walter Smith.

At the beginning of the Spanish War he offered the First and
Fifth Regiments of Militia to the service of the government; they
were accepted and were fully equipped by the State.

During his term the Board of Public Works determined to sell
the State's interest in both the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and put the proceeds into the sinking
fund of the State, which was greatly increased during his administra-
tion.

Governor and Mrs. Lowndes made Annapolis their home during
his entire term. They entertained extensively and their official
receptions were not only frequent but were very popular in Annapolis.

Retiring to his home in Cumberland he was engaged as president
of the Cumberland National Bank, but also was extensively interested
in the mining industries of the State.

Governor Lowndes died very suddenly. The tributes to his
memory are a history in themselves of a noble life nobly appreciated.

GOVERNOR JOHN WALTER SMITH.

The home of Governor John Walter Smith is Snow Hill, Wor-
cester County, on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. Here he was
born, on the 5th day of February, 1845. His Christian name is the
same as his father's. His mother's name was Charlotte (Whitting-
ton) Smith. His paternal ancestors were, for many generations,
among the most prominent people, socially and financially, on the
Eastern Shore. Through intermarriage, he is related to the Sauls-
burys, of Delaware, who have for so many years dominated ■ the
politics of their State. His father was a prominent merchant, and
removed from Snow Hill to Baltimore, there largely engaging in
mercantile pursuits, but owing to reverses brought on by a financial
panic, whereby he lost large sums of money in the South, he returned
to Snow Hill, where he died in 1850, leaving the subject of this sketch
an orphan, with but small means available for his education and

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 299

support. Governor Smith's grandfather (William Whittington) was
one of the early judges of the Judicial Circuit, a part of which now
constitutes the First Judicial Circuit of Maryland. He was a man of
wealth, owning a large quantity of real estate in Worcester County.
He was an able lawyer and learned judge.

Governor Smith has a brother living in Louisiana and a widowed
sister residing at Snow Hill. His family consists of a wife and a
daughter, the latter being the wife of Mr. Arthur D. Foster, a rising
young lawyer of Baltimore. Mrs. Smith's maiden name was Mary
Frances Richardson. She is a sister of his former partner, the late
George S. Richardson, of Snow Hill. She was educated at Oakland
Female Institute at Norristown, Pennsylvania. She is a woman of
charming personality and of cultured tastes. Their married life has
been a most happy one, marred only by the death a few years ago,
of their eldest daughter. Miss Charlotte Whittington Smith, a beauti-
ful young lady just blooming into womanhood, with a host of friends
and greatly admired and beloved by all who knew her.

Governor Smith was educated at private schools and at Union
Academy at Snow Hill, where he studied the classics, the usual
English branches, excelling especially in mathematics. During his
minority his guardian was the late Senator Ephraim K. Wilson. At
the age of eighteen he left school to accept a position with the large
and prosperous mercantile house of George S. Richardson and Brother
with whom he was afterward taken in as a partner. That house
continued to the present day and is now composed of Ex-Governor
Smith, Senator John P. Moore and Mr. Marion T. Harges.

In 1887 Governor Smith assisted in organizing the First National
Bank in Snow Hill and has large interests in the oyster industry in
his county. He is one of the largest real estate owners of his county
and has large timber interests in North Carolina. He is president
of the Equitable Fire Insurance Company of Snow Hill, a corporation
chartered by the Legislature of 1898 with a capital of $100,000 and
doing a prosperous business. He is vice-president of the Surry
Lumber Company, of Surry County, Virginia, and of the Surry, Sussex
and Southampton Railroad Company.

As a result of his energy, activity and business sagacity. Gover-
nor Smith has become a man of large wealth. He was strongly urged
by his political friends to accept some political office, but persistently
refused until 1889, when, at the solicitation of Senator Wilson in 1889,
he for the first time became a candidate for State Senator, was
unanimously nominated and elected by a large majority.

In the contest of the Legislature of 1890 over the United States
Senatorship he was the acknowledged leader of Senator Wilson's
forces, and his efforts were crowned with victory. At that session
of the State Senate Governor Smith was chairman of the important
Committee on Elections, especially important at that session because
of the fact that the new Australian election bill, which excited so
much discussion in the General Assembly and throughout the State,
was before his committee. He had many intricate questions to deal

300 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

with. The bill became a law and received his cordial support. He
was re-elected to the Senate in 1893; at the session of 1894 was made
President of that body, serving as such with distinction; was
re-elected to the Senate in 1897. At the Legislative session of 1892 he
was a candidate to succeed Senator Wilson, who had died in office
the year before. Though not elected, he received a large and flatter-
ing vote.

In 1896, when the Legislature was Republican, he was the caucus
nominee of the Democratic party for the same position.

He introduced in the session of 1892 what is known as the
"Smith Free School-Book Bill." Through his persistent efforts it
was pressed every session thereafter; it finally became a law in 1896.

Governor Smith, owing to the pressure of his business affairs,
refused a unanimous tender of a candidacy for Congress by the
Democratic Congressional Convention of his district when a nomina-
tion was equivalent to an election. During his unexpired term in
the State Senate, in 1898, his friends throughout the First Congres-
sional District, which at the previous election had gone Republican,
urged him again to become a candidate for Congress. After an
unanimous nomination and a hotly contested election, he was
returned to Congress by a large majority.

Following a warmly contested primary election, he was made
the choice of his party for Governor and was elected by more than
12,000 majority over Governor Lowndes, his Republican competitor.

The chief event of Governor John Walter Smith's administra-
tion was his successful discovery that the census of the State had
been made a fraudulent one and his determination to correct it by
calling an extra session of the Legislature to enable him to do it.
A new census was ordered to be taken, which was accordingly done
at the State's expense, but it clearly demonstrated that the Governor's
information was correct, and instead of returning additional delegates
to the Legislature from counties that were Republican, the increase
in population was a benefit to the Democratic counties. The other
chief act of the extra session was a modification of the election law
of the State requiring voters to be able to read and understand the
ballots cast. Under the law thus passed the counties heretofore
classed as Republican returned Democratic representatives to the
succeeding legislative body, thereby electing, by a unanimous
Democratic vote, Ex-Senator Arthur Pue Gorman to the United
States Senate for the fourth time.

Governor Smith was succeeded by Governor Edwin Warfield.

At the last session of the Legislature Governor Smith was a
leading candidate for the Senate of United States. He was opposed
by Ex-Governor Jackson, Mr. Isadore Rayner and Mr. Bernard
Carter. After a long and exciting contest, the forces of Governor
Jackson threw their votes to Mr. Rayner and elected him.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 301

GOVERNOR EDWIN WARFIELD, OF OAKDALE.

Born at "Oakdale," May 7, 1848, Edwin Warfield early learned
the advantage of making the most of his opportunity. Entering
upon his public career as Register of Wills of Howard County in
1874, he filled the office with such fidelity as to receive the unanimous
nomination in 1875 for a term of six years more.

In 1881 he was elected State Senator to succeed Senator Gorman,
who had gone to the United States Senate.

In 1886 Senator Warfield was chosen President of the Senate.
At the close of his term, as a testimonial of his acceptable record of
impartiality, a gold watch was tendered him.

Senator Warfield went from the Senate to accept the position
of Surveyor of the Port of Baltimore, under President Cleveland,
which position he filled most acceptably until 1890,

The future Governor owned and edited the " Ellicott City
Times" from 1882 to 1886. He was the prime mover in the estab-
lishment of the Patapsco National Bank, of Elhcott City, being a
member of its directorate until 1890. In 1887 he purchased the
"Marjdand Law" Record," changing its name to the "Daily Record."
This paper is now the leading journal of legal and real estate news
in the State. It is edited and managed by John Warfield, his brother.

Governor Warfield's most important and successful business
achievement was the conception and organization of the Fidelity
and Deposit Company of Maryland, the first of its kind in the South,
and now the largest surety company in the world. At the commence-
ment of business in 1890 Mr. Warfield was chosen Second Vice-
President and General Manager. He was the leading spirit in the
direction of the affairs of the company and soon advanced to the
position of First Vice-President, and almost immediately thereto to
the Presidency. From the beginning, Mr. Warfield was indefati-
gable in advancing the interests of the company. He had absolute
confidence in its future success and devoted himself to its building
up on broad, vigorous and yet conservative lines. In consequence
the company, which fifteen years ago was regarded as a doubtful
local venture, is now an institution of national, indeed international,
importance in the financial world, continually increasing in pros-
perity and strength.

In 1899 Mr. Warfield was a candidate for the Democratic
nomination for Governor of Maryland, and submitted his candi-
dacy to the people of Baltimore City, at the primary election.
He received a very large popular vote, but was defeated for the
nomination, his successful competitor being John Walter Smith, of
Worcester County. He again became a candidate in 1903 and was
chosen unanimously as the Democratic candidate by the State
Convention in that year, and was elected in November, 1903, by a
majority of more than 13,000 votes, and inaugurated as Governor
on January 13, 1904.

Governor Warfield has given most painstaking and careful
attention to the duties of the office. No detail of the administrative

302 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

affairs of the State has been too small to escape his notice and
constructive ability, notwithstanding the fact that at the same time
he continues to be the active directing executive of the Fidelity and
Deposit Company of Maryland and of its sister institution, in which
he also was the prime mover in founding. The Fidelity Trust Com-
pany. No other man who has ever filled the executive chair at
Annapolis has been more conscientious in doing what he believed
to be his duty. He is consistently endeavoring to enforce all that
is cleanest and best in public affairs. His aim has been to maintain
and honor the best traditions of the State, and upon every occasion
he is delighted to tell the glorious story of his native Maryland.
He has stood for a clean, economical administration, and his Message
to the Legislature upon its assembling in January, 1906, made him
stronger than ever in the affections of the people, who believe abso-
lutely in his sincerity and honesty of purpose. In this Message he
rebuked in the strongest terms political corruption, lobbying and
"graft" of every kind. The clean methods he has inaugurated, the
adoption of which in many cases he has compelled, will have far-
reaching and lasting results.

Governor Warfield has stood like a rock for what he believes
to be right. Notwithstanding the fact that his party organization
unanimously endorsed an amendment to the State Constitution,
introduced to limit the suffrage of the negro, and disregarding the
fact that he himself heartily favored the elimination of the ignorant,
shiftless negro vote, in his opinion the manner in which it was
framed and presented had within it such dangerous possibilities of
corruption and fraud that he declared he would veto the measure
if presented to him as Governor for his signature. In order to
avoid this the Legislature, after its adoption by both Houses of the
General Assembly, ignored the usual custom and sent the bill
direct to the Court. When this measure came up for adoption or
rejection by the people of the State, Governor Warfi eld's attitude
was still understood by the people, but so many misrepresentations
of the Governor's position were made by designing politicians that
his Excellency found it necessary to come out with a nevv^spaper
interview giving in strongest and clearest possible language his
reasons for the belief that the measure was inimicable to the liber-
ties of the people generally. The Governor's consistent position
and this interview, published on the eve of the election, were undoubt-
edly the immediate causes of the ignominous defeat of the amend-
ment by the people by a majority of more than 35,000 votes.

In his inaugural address Governor Warfield declared that he
would under no circumstances use the power and patronage of the
great office of Governor of Maryland to advance his own political
fortunes, or the political fortunes of any other man, or set of men.
He has been steadfast in his adherence to this declaration, notwith-
standing the fact that within sixty days after his inauguration
the tempting offer of election to the United States Senate was held

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 303

before him as a temptation, provided he would use his patronage to
that end, but the Governor stood steadfast to his declaration of two
years ago.

When urged during the organization of the Legislature to indi-
cate his choice for president and speaker, the Governor replied : " I
am not making officers for the Legislature. I am only interested in
the selection of such as will best serve the State."

The Press throughout the State was almost unanimous in sus-
taining the Governor's practical suggestions and criticisms in his
last message to the Legislature. The Governor is justly proud of
the work of restoring the old Senate Chamber.

By the aid of the advisory commission appointed by him, we may
again view the scene described by Phillips, the Englishman, when
he said of Washington: "But his last glorious act crowns his career
and banishes all hesitation; who, like Washington, after having
emancipated a hemisphere, resigned its crown and preferred the
retirement of domestic life to the adoration of a land he might almost
be said to have created?" When we look upon that restored chamber
we may recall, too, the august presence of the idolized old hero, who
gave youth and fortmie to the cause of our Independence.
La Fayette, the friend of Washington, turned the tide toward
Yorktown and freedom.

Fifty years later little girls, upon carpeted walks, strewed
flowers before his triumphal entrance into the Senate Chamber
wherein the great commander had laid down his sceptre. Hence-
forth it wdll be the work of patriotic women, descendants of those
little girls, to strew love and admiration dov/n the corridors of all
coming ages.

Governor Warfield has well said: "This room, hallowed by so
many sacred memories and historic associations, will, I am sure,
become the mecca of every patriotic person in the State of Maryland,
and will, each year, become more priceless in historic associations.

"It will, in connection with the two adjoining rooms, be kept
fcr historic memorials."

As an evidence of the Governor's pride in his native State, I
will quote his speech upon Maryland Day at the St. Louis Exposition.
Said he:
"Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen:

"The three greatest epochs in American history have been
commemorated by expositions. In 1876 the end of the first century
of our independence was celebrated at Philadelphia in a manner
that profoundly impressed our poeple and demonstrated that the
United States possessed the spirit and the resources that were fast
making her the greatest Government on the globe.

" In 1892, following the suggestion first made by the Baltimore
"Sun," the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of the Western
Hemisphere by Columbus was signalized by the World's Fair at
Chicago. That Fair brought the whole world together in a grand
display of its progress to commemorate that historic event. The

304 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

growth of the North American Continent during those four centuries
was exhibited there in a marvelous and instructive way.

GREATEST FAIR OF ALL.

"This Louisiana Purchase Exposition, the greatest of them all,
emphasizes what has been accomplished during the hundred years
that have elapsed since the acquisition of this vast Western domain
by Thomas Jefferson in 1803.

"You, Mr. President Francis, and your associates are entitled
to the applause and gratitude of our people for this wonderful Expo-
sition of the magic growth and material development of our country,
and especially of what the Louisiana territory has added in wealth
to the United States.

" Your conception and execution of the plans for this Fair have
resulted in a consummation unequaled in the annals of such enter-
prises. It is acknowledged to be the best exhibition of the world's
development that has ever been assembled. AH honor and glory
to you, sir, and your associates!

Maryland's tribute.

"Maryland, one of the States which favored the Treaty with
France ceding"^' Louisiana, has commanded me to lay her tribute at
your feet and join with you to-day in praise of the statesmen whose
wisdom and prompt action secured this splendid domain for our
common country — Jefferson, Monroe and Livingston.

" I am pleased to note that our Commissioners, headed by
General Baughman, have co-operated with you in your work, and
that our State is so creditably represented here under their direction.

"It is not my purpose to dwell upon the advantages to the
people of such Expositions. The lessons taught by those of the
past have satisfied us that the results flowing from such exhibitions
of our material growth, and of our wealth and resources, are of
untold benefit.

" On your opening day I sent you greetings from our people and
promised that in due course of time Maryland would be with you to
add her voice in praise of the statesmanship which gave us this
Western territory, that has added so much to our national greatness
and glory. For that purpose we, her sons and daughters, are here
to-day.

A DAY OF days TO MARYLAND.

" We have come on this Twelfth of September, because it is one
of the proudest and most sacred days in Maryland annals. It is the
anniversary of the battle of North Point, the battle that tiu-ned the
tide against the triumphant British Army, saved Baltimore from
destruction, and virtually ended the War of 1812. It is known and
celebrated by us as 'Old Defenders' Day,' and has for ninety years
been annually observed in honor of the valor of our citizen soldiers.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 305

"The British Army, under command of General Ross, having
captured and sacked Washington City and laid the Capitol in ashes,
sailed up the Chesapeake Bay with their combined military and naval
forces for the purpose of destroying Baltimore.

ROSS killed; British repulsed.

"Their general, Ross, was killed by sharpshooters, and our
citizen soldiers met the British and repulsed and defeated them.

" Following up the attack, the British vessels, on the next day,
made an attempt to take the city of Baltimore by bombardment
from the ships. All night long there was fierce and constant can-
nonading, to which the defenders in Fort McHenry and from other
temporary forts along the waterside replied with spirit.

WHERE KEY COMPOSED NATIONAL ANTHEM.

"It was during this bombardment that Francis Scott Key, a
son of Maryland, who was detained on the flagship of Admiral
Cochrane, where he had gone under a flag of truce to procure the
release of a friend, composed 'The Star-Spangled Banner/ the national
anthem of our country.

" All during the dark hours of that night he waited and watched
with anxiety the outcome of the battle. At one time his heart sank
in him, as it seemed that Fort McHenry had been silenced.

"We can appreciate his anxiety because he realized that, if
such were the case, the fate of Baltimore would be the fate of the
Nation's Capital. With eagerness he watched the dawn of day, that
he might see whether the flag was still flying. It was during these
trying moments that he wrote the immortal verses which have been
so touchingly declaimed here to-day by one of our fair and gifted
daughters.

SUCCESS OF THE SONG IMMEDIATE.

"The lines were written in pencil on the back of an envelope
whilst leaning on the top of a barrel on the deck of the British ship.
He carried them with him to the city when he was released, had
them adapted to a tune already existing, and they were sung to the
public for the first time in the city of Baltimore. The success of
this song, written under such stress of patriotism, was great. The
Star-Spangled Banner' has taken its place as our beloved national
anthem.

" A noted Maryland orator, referring to this historical incident,
said:

" 'The Stars and Stripes themselves had streamed at the front of
two wars before the kindling genius of a Maryland man, exercised in
the white heat of battle, translated the dumb symbol of national
sentiment into a living voice, and made it the sublime and harmonious
interpreter of a nation's progress and power.'

306 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Maryland's service to the nation.

" The people of the United States owe to the State of Maryland
a great debt for the part she played in establishing our independence
and the formation of the Union.

" It was her bold, determined and unswerving stand against the
ratification of the Articles of Confederation that resulted in the
cession to the United States of what was then known as the North-
west territory.

" Many of the original colonies which had received charters from
the Crown believed that there were no set boundaries at the West,
and that their grants extended to the 'Western waters.' New York,
Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia were foremost in making
such claims. Virginia, whose charter antedated all others, had the
best title to the lands in dispute. Hence, she w^as the most tenacious
in her claims.

"The other States naturally felt that, as these larger States
grew and waxed powerful, they might tyrannize over their smaller
neighbors.

this state arose to the occasion.

" Of all these protesting States, it was Maryland alone that rose
to the occasion and suggested an idea, which at first seemed start-
ling, but which became a fixed fact, from which mighty and unforseen
consequences afterward flowed.

"The Articles of Confederation were about to be presented to
the respective States for ratification when the question naturally
arose as to how the conflicting claims to these Western lands should
be settled.

" A Marylander, Daniel Carroll, offered in Congress a resolution
that

" The United States, in Congress assembled, should have the sole
and exclusive right and power to ascertain and fix the Western
boundary of such States as claimed to the Mississippi, and lay out
the land so ascertained into separate and independent States from
time to time as the number and circumstances of the people may
require.

" To carry out this motion it was necessary for the States claim-
ing this Western territory to surrender their claims into the hands of
the United States, and thus create a domain which should be owned
by the Confederation in common.

BOLD STEP, but SUCCESSFUL.

"This was a bold step taken by Maryland, and was considered
to smack somewhat of centralization of power. Maryland was the
only State that voted for it. She stood firm, pursued her purpose
resolutely, and was rewarded with complete success.

"New York, Virginia, Connecticut and Massachusetts finally
ceded their title to these lands, and Maryland ratified the Confedera-

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 307

tion, having first secured as the common property of the United
States all of the immense territory which has since been parceled
out and established by Congress into the free and fertile States of
Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin.

"Thus, the Confederation was perfected, the Union preserved,
and this great territory was saved for the benefit of the whole united
people.

LAID CORNER-STONE OF UNION.

"Maryland, by taking the stand she did and leading the way in
this fight, laid the corner-stone of our Federal Union.

" The rising tide of immigration poured into this Western country,
creating a sturdy and determined citizenship there, so that, when
Spain claimed the exclusive right to navigate the Mississippi River
and decided to abrogate the privilege that had been enjoyed by these
settlers to deposit their products at the mouth of the Mississippi
River for exportation, the cry of hot protest came from these fearless
pioneers of the West notifying the politicians of the New World that
these freemen of the frontiers of the nation would not tolerate the
abridgment of their rights and would insist upon the free navigation
of the Mississippi River and their right to send their products
through it to the ocean.

WORK OF JEFFERSON AND MONROE.

"It was this vigorous protest of these new sons of the West,
demanding prompt action by the Administration at Washington,
that aroused President Jefferson and caused him to take steps looking
to the acquisition of New Orleans and securing from France the
right of deposit and free, uninterrupted navigation of the Mississippi
River.

" He at once sent James Monroe to Paris to negotiate — not the
purchase of the entire Louisiana Territory, but simply to acquire
New Orleans and the Floridas east of the Mississippi River — and,
failing in that, then to secure the right to our citizens to own property
in New Orleans and to deposit their products for export.

"When Mr. Monroe reached Paris he found that our resident
Minister, Mr. Livingston, had been in negotiation with the French
Government for the purchase of New Orleans and the Floridas. He
also found that Napoleon, then the First Consul, had declared his
purpose of selling the whole of Louisiana to the United States,
because of the fear that England would seize that territory as her
first act of war. In an interview with Marbois, one of his Ministers,
upon the subject. Napoleon said:

" ' Irresolution and deliberation are no longer in season. I
renounce Louisiana. It is not only New Orleans that I cede — it is
the whole colony, without reserve. I know the price of what I
abandon. I have proved the importance I attach to this province,
since my first diplomatic act with Spain had the object of recovering
it. I renounce it with the greatest regret; to attempt obstinately

308 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

to retain it would be folly. I direct you to negotiate the affair, and
have an interview this very day with Mr. Livingston.'

" I will not weary you with the details of the negotiations result-
ing in the purchase of the whole of Louisiana. The price paid was
$15,000,000, and France ceded this immense territory to the United
States on April 30, 1803.

STATES CARVED OUT OF WILDERNESS.

"What a progressive, prosperous group of States and Terri-
tories has been carved out of this land — Arkansas, Iowa, Missouri,
Nebraska, North and South Dakota, parts of Kansas, Colorado, Mon-
tana, Minnesota, Wyoming and Louisiana, all of the Indian Territory
and part of Oklahoma! Its area is more than seven times that of
Great Britain and Ireland. It is larger than Great Britain, Germany,
France, Spain, Portugal and Italy combined, and is only one-fourth
less than the area of the thirteen original States.

"Two of these States, Colorado and Montana, produced in one
year $89,938,708.95 in gold, silver, copper and lead — over five times
the purchase price paid by the United States.

"The annual agricultm-al products reach a total of billions in
this territory, and its present population is over 13,500,000.

THE STORY OF MARYLAND.

"We Marylanders are proud of the history of our State, and
venerate the deeds of our forefathers. Therefore, I ask your indul-
gence whilst I briefly tell you the story of Maryland. She stands
as the seventh in the original galaxy of thirteen States, because she
was the seventh to adopt the Constitution forming the permanent
Union. The very foundation of the colony of Maryland was of
national importance, because the principal of religious toleration
was introduced by the founder. From the time of the landing at
St. Mary's until to-day, liberty of conscience has been the funda-
mental right of every person in Maryland.

TRUE HISTORY OF ACT OF TOLERATION.

"Much has been written upon the subject of the Act of Tolera-
tion of 1649. The true history may be briefly stated. Cecilius
Calvert, being vested with extraordinary power over a great terri-
tory, determined to foimd there a free English State, where all the
rights and liberties of every English freeman would be protected.
To do this he divested himself and his heirs of the princely preroga-
tives granted to him by his charter. He caused to be drafted at home,
and then adopted by the freemen of Maryland, codes of laws which
transferred English institutions to Maryland. By orders, proclama-
tions and conditions of plantation he strengthened and fortified these
institutions thus transplanted. Believing that Magna Charta and
the right of petition guaranteed every Englishman the right to

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 309

liberty of person and security of property, he was wise enough to
see and brave enough to declare that these rights were worthless
without liberty of conscience.

" He, therefore, adopted and declared that to be the principle on
which the foundations of Maryland should be laid. From the first,
he intended to secure all those rights, privileges and franchises, not
alone to Roman Catholics, nor yet alone to Englishmen, but to all
Christian people of all the nations of the world.

" In doing this he was supported by the whole social influence of
the Roman Catholics of England and by the power of the Society
of Jesus.

SAFETY and SHELTER FOR ALL.

" Under this institution the Puritans settled at Providence, the
Quakers at West River and the Presbyterians on the Patuxent. It
gave shelter to the Huguenots after the massacre of St. Bartholomew,
and to Roman Catholics from the murders and burnings of San
Domingo.

" Notwithstanding its repeated external overthrow by force or
faction, it has always been imbedded in the life of the people. In the
wars, insurrections, revolutions, rebellions and civil broils which
swept the province in its earlier days, neither life, liberty nor property
has ever been sacrificed in the fury of religious fanaticism. Blood
has been shed in the struggles of factions, but no man has ever been
put to death on account of his religion in Maryland.

struggled for freemen's rights.

"The growth of popular government was early manifested in
Colonial Maryland. In the very first Assembly, in 1635, every
freeman was entitled to a seat and voice in the proceedings. The
second Assembly was held in 1637, and the freemen rejected the code
of laws offered by Lord Baltimore, although liberal and just, claiming
the right to originate legislation for themselves. Thus began the
fight in Maryland for the rights of freemen.

" In 1739 the Assembly successfully opposed taxes being imposed
without its consent, and this fight went on until 1765, when the
attempt to place taxes by Parliament and the tea tax of 1767 so
aroused the people that the protest was universal throughout the
colony.

"Meetings were held all over the State to protest against the
closing of the port of Boston, and provisions were sent to aid the
almost starving people of that city, thus showing the earnest sym-
pathy of the people of Maryland in their fight for the great principle
of 'No taxation without representation.'

burning of the PEGGY STEWART.

"In all of the movements that led up to the Declaration of
Independence and the Revolutionary War Maryland stood in the
forefront. The first overt act of her people against the authority of

310 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

the King of England was on October 19, 1774, when her fearless
patriots compelled Anthony Stewart to burn his brig, the Peggy
Stewart, with her cargo of tea, in the harbor of Annapolis. This
was done in broad daylight, by men undisguised, whose motto was
'Liberty, or death in the pursuit of it.'

" Thomas Johnson, of Maryland, nominated George Washington
in the Continental Congress to be Commander in Chief of the American
Army.

" The Maryland Riflemen, under Michael Cresap, were the first
organized troops to respond to the call of liberty. They fought side
by side with the Puritans of Massachusetts at Concord and Lexington.

Maryland's "four hundred."

" It was Maryland's ' Four Hundred,' under the intrepid Gist,
who, after six successive bayonet charges, saved Washington's army
at Long Island, in August, 1776. The greatest crisis in that battle
was the superb action of these immortal Marylanders. They held
the British Army of 4,000 in check until the Americans moved across
to the Jersey shore. Two hundred and sixty-seven of their number
were killed or wounded.

"Their bravery and heroism caused General Washington to
exclaim, ' Great God ! what brave men I must this day lose. '

covered Washington's retreat.

"The 'Maryland line,' under command of Colonel Smallwood,
composed Washington's rear guard in his masterly retreat through
New Jersey.

"Maryland soldiers participated in every hard-fought battle of
the Revolution, from Long Island to Yorktown, and were especially
distinguished for bravery at Camden, Eutaw Springs, Guilford
Courthouse, Hobkirk's Hill and Cowpens. They were the ' old guard '
of the Continental forces, ' the bayonets of the Revolution.'

colonel tilghman's famous ride.

"It was a son of Maryland, Colonel Tench Tilghman, Washing-
ton's aide, who rode from Yorktown to Philadelphia, carrying the
news of Cornwallis' surrender to the Continental Congress. He
crossed the Chesapeake Bay to the Eastern Shore of Maryland in
an open boat, where, procuring a horse, he started on his way,
riding in the dim watches of the night. When his horse gave out he
would ride up to a house and call out, 'A horse for the Congress,
Cornwallis is taken!' There was a flash of light, a patter of glad feet,
a welcome and a godspeed. Thi^ was repeated time and again, until,
finally, thundering into Philadelphia at midnight. Independence
bell was rung, Congress convened, and the watchman on his rounds
proclaimed, 'Twelve o'clock; all's well and Cornwallis is taken.'

"Maryland has taken a foremost place in our wars since the
Revolution, and in every movement for the advancement of liberty,
the welfare of the people, and the maintenance of the peace, prestige
and dignity of the Government.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 311

HER contribution TO WAR OF 1812.

"She contributed more money and men for the War of 1812
than any other State. The annals of that war show that of the 240
naval officers who served on our ships, Maryland furnished forty-six,
nearly one-fifth, and more than any other State; all of the New
England States together sending only forty-two, and New York
but seventeen. And in the number of privateers sent out- to prey
upon British commerce, Baltimore headed the list of cities.

" Her quota of volunteers for the Mexican War was promptly
recruited. They were a brave band of soldiers, and won glory for
their State. When General Taylor called for 'a little more grape,
Captain Bragg,' it was Ringgold's Flying Artillery (from Maryland)
that furnished the grape.

SENTIMENT DIVIDED IN 1861.

" In 1860 Maryland's electoral vote was cast for Bell and Everett,
showing that a majority of her people were for the Constitution and
the Union. Although a majority of her most substantial citizens
sympathized with the cause of the South, she refused to secede from
the Union. Her sons were divided in the contest. Those who wore
the gray believed that the South was right, and, so believing, fought
bravely, and endured suffering and privations for the faith that was
in them and the cause they espoused. So with those who volunteered
to sustain the Union. Maryland honors the valor of all of her sons,
those who wore the gray as well as those who wore the blue.

" In evidence of this spirit she has erected a monument upon
the battlefield of Antietam to commemorate their devotion to duty.
On the tablets are inscribed the names of the commands. Union and
Confederate, and the battles in which they participated.

"This monument was presented to the National Cemetery
Commission by the State of Maryland in the presence of old soldiers
of both armies, and was accepted by our martyred President, William
McKinley, who did more than an}^ other pubhc man to obliterate
the animosities of the war and reunite our people.

DID NOT HANG BACK IN 1898.

"Maryland's quota of volunteers for the Spanish War was
quickly furnished. Her National Guard responded enthusiastically,
each regiment clamoring to be sent to the front.

"Maryland took the initiative in many important matters of
legislation. She passed the first law to naturalize a foreign-born
citizen. She was the first State to recognize by law the possibility
of steam navigation. She did this by granting to James Rumsey the
exclusive right of steam navigation in the waters of the State. She
was the first State, after Virginia, to embody in her form of govern-
ment the famous Bill of Rights formulated by George Mason.

312 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

historical events upon her soil.

"Many interesting historical events have taken place upon her
soil. It was in the Senate Chamber, in the old Capitol now standing
at Annapolis, that Washington resigned his commission as Commander
in Chief of the army and returned it to Congress and retired to
private life — the sublimest act of his sublime life.

" It was in that hallowed chamber that the treaty of peace with
England, which ended the war, was ratified by Congress.

"It was in that same historic chamber that the initial conven-
tion was held to promote the organization of a more permanent
Government. It suggested the calling of a convention to formulate
a Constitution and found the Union.

CRADLE OF PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN AMERICA.

"Maryland was the cradle of the Presbyterian Church in
America. The first regularly constituted church of that denomina-
tion in the United States was erected at Rehoboth, Somerset County,
now Wicomico County, with Rev. Francis Makemie as its first
minister. Maryland was the only colony where the Presbyterians
could get toleration.

"It was in Maryland that the first bishop of the Episcopal
Church consecrated in America, resided — Right Reverend Thomas
John Claggett, Bishop of the Diocese of Maryland, who performed
an important part in laying the foundations of this great and historic
Church.

" It was in Maryland that the Methodist Episcopal Church of
America was established, and the first house of worship built by
that now powerful Christian denomination that has done so much
for the upbuilding of both civilization and religion in this as well as
in other countries.

OLDEST ROMAN CATHOLIC DIOCESE.

"In Maryland is the oldest Roman Catholic diocese in the
United States — the Archdiocese of Baltimore.

"The first Archbishop of that Church in this country was a
Marylander, and it is fitting that the name of Archbishop Carroll
should be linked in State pride with that of his kinsman, Charles
Carroll, of Carrollton, the signer of the Declaration of Independence.

" Maryland to-day is the head of the Roman Catholic hierarchy.
Representing that Church we have in Baltimore its only Cardinal in
the United States — Cardinal Gibbons, that man of simple and pure
fife, true Americanism and high patriotism.

" Thus, it will be seen that upon Maryland's soil was first estab-
lished in the United States these four great Christian Churches, that
have been such potential forces in shaping the destiny and greatness
of our nation.

"Not only has Maryland been the scene of historical events,
but many of the important industrial, inventive and scientific
conceptions have been born within her borders.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 313

first steamboat floated in her waters.

" It was in Maryland waters that the first steamboat was floated.
It was invented by a Marylander, James Rumsey, twenty-five
years before Fulton launched the Claremont. General Washington,
who witnessed the trial on the Potomac, gave a certificate of the
success of the experiment.

FIRST RAILROAD IN AMERICA.

"It was in Maryland that the first steam railroad in America
was built and the first electric railway in the world was operated.
It was in Maryland that the first iron plates for ship-building were
made. It was in Maryland that the first telegraph line in the world
was constructed, and the first water company and the first gas com-
pany were organized. It was a Marylander, Obed Hussey, who in-
invented the first sickle-knife for reapers, and the first perfect and
successful self-raking reaper was invented by Owen Dorsey, of
Howard County, Maryland.

"The heraldic device of the Great Seal of Maryland discloses
the fact that the supporters of the shield are a farmer and a fisher-
man. In the days of the Province these two avocations were the
only ones, and to-day they form the most important factors in the
prosperity of the State.

AS AN agricultural STATE.

"The agricultural products of the State amount to $43,823,419
annually. No more favored land for agricultural purposes can be
found in the United States. While corn, wheat and tobacco are the
staples, yet every product of the temperate zone can be produced
within her borders in the greatest abundance.

"Frederick County, the home of General Baughman, ranks as
the third agricultural county in productiveness in the United States.

"Of Maryland's total area of 12,210 square miles, 2,350 are
covered by the waters of the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries,
which teem with terrapin, oysters, crabs and fish in almost endless
variety, while to the swamps and the marshes annually come thous-
ands of ducks, geese and other wild fowl. The value of the annual
yield from the products of these waters is over $10,000,000.

NOT BACKWARD IN MANUFACTURES.

"Maryland is also taking her place in the front rank of manu-
facturing States. Her output of manufactured goods last year
amounted to $242,752,990. By reason of her proximity to the
stores of raw material, to the great coal fields and her splendid water
power, with unequaled water courses and great railroad connections,
there is every inducement for the establishment of manufactories.

"The mineral resources of Maryland are extensive, and but
partly developed. Iron ore is abundant and of good quality. Lime-
stone and marble of good quality, and granite unequaled, are pro-

314 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

fusely distributed throughout the State. Her coal mines are practi-
cally inexhaustible, and yield more than $5,000,000 annually. Her
deposits of clay and kaolin furnish material for brick and pottery.

HEALTHY CLIMATE, HOSPITABLE PEOPLE.

" Her climate is salubrious and healthy. Her hills and dales are
pleasing and attractive to the eye. Her people are hospitable and
cultured. Her public schools rank with those of any State in the
Union. Her taxation — for State, county and municipal purposes —
is moderate. Her churches are numerous, and her people are moral
and law-abiding.

" In fact, Maryland can boast of a citizenship, of a culture, of
everything that promotes happiness and contentment. In the words
of her distinguished poet, Randall, the author of 'Maryland, My
Maryland,' "There is faith in her stream; there is strength in her
hills; there is life in the old land yet.'

BALTIMORE A CITY OF FAIR WOMEN.

" I cannot close without referring to our metropolis, Baltimore,
our beautiful city, famed for her fair daughters, her monuments, her
beautiful parks, her churches, her colleges of medicine and law; her
great Johns Hopkins University, which has in a quarter of a century
won a position in the front rank of the universities of the world; of
her hospitals — unsurpassed in their equipment for ministering to
suffering humanity; of her libraries; her old Historical Society, filled
with the data that tells the brilliant story of our Commonwealth,
and, above all, of her progressive, wide-awake and up-to-date
merchants.

" Our city ranks next to St. Louis in population, but she stands
upon an equal footing with her in all of the characteristics that go to
make up an enterprising community. Baltimore sends greetings to
St. Louis and hopes that this Exposition will prove advantageous to
her, and be an inspiration that will yield fruit in the future.

pluck and ENERGY AFTER THE FIRE.

"A great fire swept away the very heart of our cit}^ on the 7th
of February, 1904, destroying property valued at S75,000,000. Our
people, with a courage and grit unsurpassed, turned at once to the
task of restoration and worked with a vim, so that to-day the work
of reconstruction is so well under way that within a year a new,
substantial and beautiful city will have been built upon her ruins,
thus demonstrating that our people are of that type that knows no
failure or discouragement, and who can meet with stout hearts any
emergency.

" Without aid, but with warm sympathy from every quarter, our
merchants have rehabilitated themselves, taken care of their cus-
tomers, and pushed forward Baltimore's fame.

Fou:n^ders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 315

PRIDE OF MARYLANDERS IN MARYLAND.

"These facts about Maryland justify the love that every Mary-
lander bears for his native State. He can point with pride to her
record of patriotism, to her contribution to the progressive work of
the world, to her statesmen, her soldiers, her sailors. Her sons and
their descendants have furnished much of the brain and brawn
which have contributed to ' The Winning of the West.'

" Missouri is a large debtor to Maryland. Many of her sturdy,
enterprising, wide-awake business men are of Maryland stock or
natives of our State. We are proud of such sons. They reflect
credit upon their Maryland ancestry."

Personally, Governor Warfield is a man of great magnetism
and strength of character.

Feeling that the people were the source of all political power
and advancement, he went to them, and it was only after the people
had indicated their choice that the organization leaders yielded and
followed after.

Perhaps the most popular speech ever made by the Governor
was that spoken in Middletown Valley, before an immense concourse
of admiring farmers, their wives and their children. In that happy
line of thought which comes from the heart, the Governor spoke of
true home life. He spoke knowingly, for it is his greatest delight to
be at home directing and admiring and resting when official cares are
removed and all nature offers him a home of rest.

Concerning that Middletown speech, the Baltimore "Sun," in an
editorial, thus endorsed the Governor:

" In his own well-regulated and happy home life, based on order,
peace, contentment, the Governor of Maryland is deservedly entitled
to be rated as the first citizen of the State. As the Governor, he^
in fact, occupies such relation. As the head of a family governed
by such principles as he has enunciated, he is worthy of follow-
ing, for he is a man of plain, orderly living, active and industrious in
his personal business, solicitous for the welfare of his fellow-citizens
in the education of their children and in the regulation of their
home life, and is inspired by high ideals for others, as well as himself.
He cannot fail to hold a firm place in the hearts and homes of his
countrymen."

In 1886 Mr. Warfield married Emma, daughter of the late J.
Courtney Nicodemus, a prominent merchant of Baltimore, originally
of the Cumberland Valley family, who were descendants of noted
Indian fighters, and who were revolutionary soldiers and patriots.

Governor and Mrs. Warfield have four children. Their only
son, Edwin Warfield, Jr., is a student of St. John's College. Their
daughters, Carrie and Louise, are still at school upon the Hudson.
Miss Emma, the youngest, is at home and governs the Governor.

DISTINGUISHED MEN OF ANNE ARUNDEL.

Distingttished Marylanders "Who Claim St. John's College as Their

Alma Mater.

Daniel Clarke, Associate Judge First District; John Done, Judge
of General Court, Judge of Fourth District and the Court of Appeals;
Clement Dorsey, Judge of First District; Benjamin Ogle, Governor;
Ninian Pinkney, Clerk of Executive Council, Class 1793. Richard
Harwood, Adjutant-General; Jolm Carlisle Herbert, Member of
Congress and Speaker of House of Delegates; Alexander Contee
Magruder, Judge of Court of Appeals, Reporter of the Decisions of
the same Court; John Seney and John C. Weems, Members of Con-
gress, class 1794. Robert H. Goldsborough, United States Senator;
Francis Scott Key, author of "Star Spangled Banner;" John Ridgely,
Siu-geon United States Navy; Washington Van Bibber, Member of
Congress, Class 1796. John Leeds Kerr, United States Senator;
John Taylor Lomax, Judge of Court of Appeals, Virginia, Class 1797.
Alexander Hammett, Consul at Naples; Thomas U. P. Charlton,
Chancellor of South Carolina; William Rodgers, United States Navy;
TobiasWatkins, Auditor United States Treasury and Assistant Surgeon
United States Army; John Wilmot, Adjutant-General of Maryland,
Class 1798. Thomas Beale Dorsey, Attorney-General of Maryland and
Chief Judge of Court of Appeals; Dennis Claude, M. D., Treasurer of
Maryland; George Washington Park Curtis, Class 1799. Nicholas
Harwood, M. D., Surgeon United States Navy; George Mann,
Lieutenant United States Navy; James Thomas, Governor of Mary-
land, Class 1800. James Murray, Examiner-General; Charles W.
Hanson, Judge of Sixth District; Alexander Contee Hanson, Editor
of "Federahst" and United States Senator; David Hoffman, Professor
of Laws, University of Maryland; Charles Sterrett Ridgely, Speaker
of House of Delegates, Class 1802. John Contee, Lieutenant United
States Marine Corps; William Grason, Governor of Maryland;
Christopher Hughes, Charge to Sweden ; Thomas Williamson, Surgeon
United States Navy, Class 1804. George Mackubin, Treasurer of
Maryland; John Wesley Peaco, Surgeon United States Navy and
Governor of Liberia; Daniel Randall, Deputy Paymaster-General
United States Army; Hyde Ray, Surgeon United States Navy; John
R. Shaw, Purser United States Navy; Seth Switzer, Consul to
Guayquil; William T. Wooten, Secretary of State, Class 1806.
Thomas Randall, Judge of District Court of Florida; John Ridout,
Visitor and Governor; John Gwinn, Captain United States Navy;
William Latimer, Admiral United States Navy; Wilham H. Marriott,
Collector of Port of Baltimore, Class 1810. Nicholas Brewer, Judge of
Circuit Court, Anne Arundel; William Caton, Sm-geon United States

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 317

Nav}'; Reverdy Johnson, United States Senator, Attorney-General,
Minister to England; David Ridgely, State Librarian, Author of
" Annals of Annapolis;" William Greenberry Ridgely, Chief Clerk in
Navy Department at Washington; John Nelson Watldns, Adjutant-
General of' Maryland, Class 1811. Thomas S. Alexander, L. L. D.,
United States Navy ; John Johnson, Chancellor of Maryland; Landon
Mercer, Lieutenant United States Navy; John Denny, Surgeon
United States Navy; Richard Randall, M. D., United States Army;
Governor Francis Thomas, Member Congress; Ramsey Waters,
Register in Chancery; John B. Wells, Surgeon in United States Army;
George Wells, President Maryland Senate, Classes 1811 and 1821.
Alexander Randall, Member of Congress and Attorney-General of
Maryland, Class 1822. Nicholas Brewer (of John), Adjutant-General
of Maryland; Burton Randall, Surgeon United States Army; John
Henry Alexander, L. L. D.; William Harwood, State Librarian,
Professor at Naval Academy, School Examiner of Anne Arundel;
William Pinkney, Bishop of Protestant Episcopal Church of Mary-
land; WilliajnMH,JI\ic^^ of Court of Appeals; John Bowie,
Lieutenant United States Navy, Class 1827. John Randall Hagner,
Paymaster United States Navy; Thomas Kavney, Professor of Ethics
and Librarian United States Naval Academy; Ninian Pinkney,
Medical Director United States Navy; Augustus Bowie, Surgeon
United States Navy; S prigg Harwood, Clerk of Circuit Court; John
H. T. Magruder, State Librarian; Richard Swann, State Librarian,
Class 1830. Rev. Orlando Hutton; John Green Proud, poet before
the Alumni; F. W. Green, Member of Congress; Peter V. Hagner,
United States Army, Class 1834. Abram Claude, Professor of Chem-
istry, St. John's College, Mayor of Annapolis, Class 1835. William
R. Hay ward. Commissioner of Land Office; Rev. Samuel Ridout,
Class of 1836. William Tell Claude; Henry H. Goldsborough, Presi-
dent of State Convention of 1864, Comptroller, Judge of Eleventh
District; William H. Thompson, Professor of St. John's; Marcus
Duvall, Medical Director United States Navy; Frederick Stone,
Judge of Court of Appeals; Luther Giddings, Major United States
Army; Richard Grason, Judge of Court of Appeals; Llewellyn Boyle,
State Librarian ; John Thomas Hall, Lieutenant United States Army ;
James Kemp Harwood, Purser United States Navy; John Scheff
Stockett, State Reporter Court of Appeals; Nicholas Brewer, State
Reporter Court of Appeals; Richard M. Chase, Secretary Naval
-Academy; James Munroe, Mayor of Annapohs, Class 1846. James
Shaw Franklin, Clerk of Court of Appeals; John Mullan, Captain
United States Army; Charles S. Winder, Captain United States Army
and Brigadier-General of Confederate Army; James Rev ell, State's""
Attorney; Thomas J. Nelson, Paymaster United States Army;
Charles Brewer, Surgeon United States and Confederate States
Armies; William Sprigg Hall, Judge of Court of Common Pleas of
Minnesota;^ DanielR^ "Magruder, Judge of Court of Appeals; John
H. Sellman, Paymaster United States Navy and Collector of Revenue;
Andrew G. Chapman, Member of Congress; John W. Brewer, Assist-

318 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

ant Surgeon United States Army; William. Hirsey Hopkins, Vice-
President of St. John's and President of Female College of Baltimore;
Samuel McCullough, Lieutenant Confederate States Army.

Some Prominent Men Who Have Gone out of Anne Artindel and
Others Who Still Live There.

BRASHEARS.

The popular Representative of Anne Arundel in the Legislature
of 1902, who refused to be Speaker when he might have secured that
honor, comes from the Huguenot Benjamin Brasseurs, Commissioner
of Calvert County, in 1660. Our Archives contain an interesting
record of his naturalization. It reads:

"Cecilius Calvert — Whereas, Benjamin Brasseurs, late of Vir-
ginia, have sought leave to inhabit as a free Denizen, to purchase
lands, I do hereby De Clare that said Bendjs. Brasseur, his wife and
children, to be full Denizens of this our Province and that he be held,
treated, reputed and esteemed as one of the faythfull people."

The Brasseurs homestead upon the Patuxent shows its antiquity
in the ancient graveyard. It is known as " Brashears Purchase."

Mr. Brashears, attorney-at-law at Annapolis, married a daughter
of Joshua Browne, former President of the Annapolis and Elk Ridge
Railroad.

^ HOPKINS.

There seems to have been four distinct Hopkins families in Anne
Arundel and Montgomery Counties. The first is that of William
Hopkins, of "Hopkins' Plantation," Greenberry Point. He came
lip with the Virginians to the Severn in 1649, but left no descendants
of his name.

Gerard Hopkins was here as early as 1658. His will of 1691
names his children Gerard, Anne, Thompsin and Mary. Thompsin
was the first wife of Captain John Welsh, of South River. The second
Gerard married Margaret Johns, and their issue were Joseph, Gerard,
Phihp, Samuel, Richard, William and Johns Hopkins, all born
between 1706 and 1720. The founder of Johns Hopkins University
was a descendant of this family.

In 1742 Matthew Hopkins, of County of Ayr, Scotland, came to
Rock Creek, now Montgomery County. His widow, Mary, became
Mrs. Henry Thralkeld. No issue of his name is known.

John Hopkins, said to have come from Scotland, was also located
upon the Maryland side of the Potomac, about 1775. He married
Eleanor Wallace, daughter of James Wallace, of Montgomery County.
They left Herbert Hopkins, William, Richard, Alexander, James and
John Hopkins. The affable Chief Clerk of the Comptroller's office,
Mr. Harry Hopkins, comes from Talbot County.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 319

PROFESSOR ROBINSON.

The most popular agriculturist of the North Severn section of
Anne Arundel is Professor Robinson, of the Horticultural Depart-
ment of the Agricultural College. He has long been a Granger and
lectured throughout the State during the life of that order.

Professor Robinson's family have long been located upon the
Broad Neck of the Severn. The family came from the Eastern Shore.
His grandfather was a privateer in the War of 1812. Professor
Robinson is a connection of Judge Robinson, of the Eastern Shore.

DR. JOSEPH MUSE WORTHINGTON.

Dr. Joseph Muse Worthington, son of Professor Nicholas Brice
and Sophia Kerr (Muse}_Worthm^toni of Annapolis, is a grandson A
of Brice John and i2iaTitzhuglL_{L.ee)7 Worthington, and a great- *w2r
grandson of Major NichofasWorthington, First Major of the Severn ^^^
Mihtia Battalion, commanded by Colonel John Hall. Dr.i^/v
Worthington's uncle, Brice John Worthington, was a lay reader at f
Crownsville Church for a number of years. He married Matilda Pue,
daughter of Henry, of Howard County.

Dr. Worthington has corresponded extensively in tracing the
genealogy of the Worthingtons of Maryland, and is thoroughly
posted on all the facts that can be secured in this country. He also
found traces of a William Worthington who came to the Severn with
Richard Moss, but left no records here.

Beale Worthington, of Anne Arundel, is the son of Thomas
Beale and Margaret Sellman Worthington, grandson of Richard and
Eleanor Watkins Sellman, and great-grandson of Jonathan and Anne
Eliza Howard Sellman. He is also grandson of Dr. Beale Worthing-
ton and great-grandson of Brice Thomas Beale Worthington, member
of the Maryland Convention.

RICHARD PARRAN SELLMAN.

Richard Parran Sellman, of Anne Arundel, is a son of Alfred
and Ann Parran Sellman, grandson of Jonathan and Ann Elizabeth
Howard Sellman.

Major Jonathan Sellman was Second Lieutenant of Captain
Henry Ridgely's company. In 1777 he was commissioned Captain
of First Maryland Regiment, commanded by Colonel O. Holland
Williams, and he became a member of the Cincinnati.

GEORGE H. SHAFER.

George H. Shafer, late of the Land Office, Annapohs, who
was thirty-eight years in its service, was the son of George and Mar-
tha Bond Van Swearingen Shafer, grandson of John and Elizabeth
B. Van Swearingen, great-grandson of Charles and Susanna Stull
Van Swearingen. Charles was Second Major of the Maryland Militia
under Samuel Beall.

320 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

THE SWEARINGEN FAMILY.

Feudal tenants under the lords of Dillingen, Garrett Van Swear-
ingen, a descendant of the old Bavarian family, was born in Holland,
1636, died 1712; married Barbara De Barrette, of Norman-French
lineage, in 1660. By her he had Thomas, born 1665. He married
Jane. Their son Van, born 1695, died 1785; married Elizabeth
Walker, of Patuxent, Maryland. Their son Charles — Susannah
Stull. Their son John — Elizabeth Bond, third daughter of John
Van Swearingen, born 1805, died 1887, married George Shafer — issue
Elizabeth Susan Shafer — Rev. John Beck,

Arms of Bond: First and fourth sable, a fesse, or. Second and
third quarters, argent, on a chevron sable three bezants.

Crest : A demi-pegasus azure, winged and semi of estailes. The
colors shown in the sketch.

•- JUDGE NICHOLAS BREWER.

Judge Nicholas Brewer, of the Second District of Maryland,
came down through a line of sturdy men commencing with John
Brewer, a Justice of Calvert County. "Brewerton" and "Larkin-
ton," near London Town, were the early surveys of his son, John
Brewer, son-in-law of Colonel Henry Ridgely. Dying early. Colonel
Henry Ridgely became the executor for his two sons, John and
Joseph and one daughter, Elizabeth, named for her grandmother, a
Pierpoint. Colonel Henry Ridgely made these grandsons his heirs.
John Brewer, third in line, through his wife, Dinah Battee, left four
sons and four daughters.

John, the elder, married Eleanor Maccubin, in 1727; five sons
and four daughters were their issue. The j'^oungest, Rachel, became
the wife of the artist, Charles Wilson Peale, father of Rembrandt
Peale, of Philadelphia; Joseph, her brother, through his wife, Mary
Stockett, left Joseph, with others, who married a relative, Eleanor
Brewer, daughter of John and Eleanor Maccubin. Their son,
Nicholas Brewer, married Fanny Davis, daughter of the Revolution-
ary Robert Paine Davis. Their daughter, Mary Jane Brewer, married
Richard Ridgely, Judge of the Orphans Court and Register of
Chancery. He was the son of Absalom Ridgely, the merchant, by
Anne Robinson, and grandson of Henry Ridgely and Catharine Lusby
— coming down from Charles and Eliza Ridgely (of Colonel Henry).

Of this line of Absalom Ridgely was Dr. John Ridgely of the
Tripolitan war, and David Ridgely, the merchant, the State Librarian,
and Ridgely, the historian, herein often quoted. Another descendant
is our honored historian, Elihu S. Riley.

The obituary notice of Nicholas Brewer, father of Judge Nicholas
Brewer, in 1839, written by the editor of the "Maryland Gazette, "pays
this tribute: "Thus, in his sixty-eighth year, closes another of the
most active, firm, steady and undeviating politicians of the State or
age. A man who, as an opponent, was always a man, open, undis-
guised, straightforward and high-minded. As a friend, no man was

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, 321

ever more ardent, whole-hearted and sincere. For many years he
represented this city in the House of Delegates. He seldom spoke,
but never failed to command attention when he did speak. He was
twice an Elector of the Senate. As a next-door neighbor and most
intimate friend, as an associate for the third of a century, in peace
and in war, in sickness and in health, I can testify that Nicholas
Brewer was a man of inflexible integrity."

Colonel Nicholas Brewer, born at Marley in 1789, known as
"the mill-boy of Marley," removed to Baltimore in 1815. He was
the son of Captain Nicholas and Julia Brewer. Their ancestors came
to Massachusetts with the Puritans in 1644; went to Virginia with
the one hundred invited northern Puritans. Four years later they
were driven out of Virginia and came to South River. The pioneer
was John Brewer. Captain Nicholas Brewer was with Smallwood
in the Revolution. He was an extensive planter. His wife was the
daughter of Colonel Psalter, of Braddock's army.

Colonel Nicholas Brewer was a member of the "Old Defenders"
of Baltimore in 1840.

Hon. Nicholas Brewer, Judge of the Second District, was born
1795. Graduating at St. John's College, he studied law. His wife
was Catharine Musser Mediary, a descendant of John Bauer, who
lived in and took the name of the Isle of Madeira.

Judge Brewer had ten children. Of his legal record, Hon.
Reverdy Johnson has said: "As an equity pleader he had few super-
iors. As a judge he possessed the entire confidence of the legal
fraternity. His influence was great and his decisions just."

CHIEF JUSTICE ROGER BROOKE TANEY.

In front of the State House at Annapolis, upon a pedestal far
below the height of his fame, sits the heroic form of a Marylander
whose name is world-wide. Born only a few miles south of the Anne
Arundel line, upon Battle Creek, he goes back through Roger
Brooke to the first commander 'of the Patuxent, Robert Brooke, of
"Brooke Place." Roger 'Brooke Taney belongs to the history of
a stormy period. From a little leather-covered pocket book, dated
1710, written by Roger Bjrooke, grandson of the commander and
progenitor of Roger Brooke Taney, let me quote the following: "At
the close of the month of June, 1650, there landed on the Patuxent,
twenty miles from its mouth, a family of forty persons, the body-
guard, male and female, of Mr. Robert Brooke and his wife, Mary
Mainwaring, and ten children, born in England." "Dela Brooke"
was their first homestead.

In 1654 the family removed to " Brooke Place," on Battle Creek,
a name given by Mr. Brooke in honor of his first wife, Mary Baker,
of Battle. Her two sons. Baker and Major Thomas Brooke, of
" Brookfield," accompanied the immigrants. The former became a
member of the Provincial Council. The latter commanded the
Provincial forces and was the founder of the present village of
T. B., taken from a landmark bearing his name.

322 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

I quote again: "My father, Roger Brooke, Sr., second son of
Robert Brooke, by Mary, his second wife, daughter of Roger Main-
waring, D. D., Dean of Winchester, lived at Battle Creek and lies '\
buried in the graveyard betwixt his two wives."

Dorothy Neale, sister of Henrietta Maria (Neale, Bennett) Lloyd,
was the mother of Roger Brooke, Jr., the Recorder of 1710. The
latter took for his wife, Eliza Hutchins, sister of Mary, wife of Samuel
Thomas (of Philip). Their son, Roger Brooke, the third, was the
progenitor of the Pennsylvania Brookes, represented by General
Brooke, United States Army. James Brooke, second son of Roger
and Eliza Hutchins, through Deborah Snowden (of Richard), became /
the progenitor of a large and progressive Brooke settlement at Sandy
Spring. His survey of "Brooke Grove" covered 33,000 acres, ten-. .
miles in extent. His pioneer house, built in 1728, still stands near
Sandy Spring. At that date it was the first frame house of his forest
home. From it, with a button pulled from his coat, Mr. James Brooke
shot a panther.

Two daughters of Roger Brooke married and remained upon the
Brooke estate. They were Mrs. Walter Wilson, mother of Walter :
Brooke Wilson; and Monica, wife of Michael Taney, High Sheriff of
Calvert, and mother of Roger Brooke Taney.

Walter Brooke Wilson married Mary (Dalrymple) Rawlings,
widow of Captain Thomas Rawlings, and daughter of Hon. James
Duke Dalrymple, of Calvert — issue, one son, William Wilson. After \
the death of Mr. Wilson she married Dr. Septimus J. Cook, of Prince
George, and had one daughter, Margaret, wife of Professor J. D.
Warfield. Dr. Cook and his wife both descended from two daughters \
of John Clare, of Calvert County. ^

To write the life of Chief Justice Taney would only duplicate
his own modest autobiography, but the words of S. Teackle Wallis,
in vmveiling the statue which now stands at the State House, may be
of interest. Said he:

" In the Chamber where we meet to-day to do him honor he sat
for years a Senator of Maryland, the peer of the distinguished men
who sat around him, when no legislative body in the Union surpassed
that Senate in dignity, abilit}' or moral elevation.

" In the Chamber there, above us, at the zenith of his reputation
as advocate and council and in the very ripeness of his powers, he
shone, the leader of the Bar of Maryland.

"The artist has chosen to present us his illustrious subject in
his robes of office as we saw him when he sat in judgment; the weight
of years that bent the venerable form has not been lightened, and the
lines of care, and suffering, and thought are as life traced them.

"The figure has been treated in the spirit of that noble and
absolute simplicity which is the type of the highest order of greatness.

" The State of Maryland here silently and proudly presents to
posterity her illustrious son. Already the waters of the torrent have
nearly spent their force, and high above them, as they fall,

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 323

unstained by their pollution and unshaken by their rage, stands,
where it stood, in grand and reverend simplicity, the august figure of
the great Chief Justice."

y COMMODORE MAYO OF SOUTH RIVER.

Commodore Isaac Mayo, who distinguished himself in the
Mexican War, married, in 1835, Sarah Battaile Fitzhugh Bland,
daughter of Chancellor Theodoric Bland, Consul to Brazil by his
wife, Sarah Glen, widow of Mayor Jacob Davies, of Baltimore. The
mother of Chancellor Bland was Sarah Henrietta Thornton, daughter
of Admiral Thornton, of the British Navy.

Commodore Mayo's only daughter, Sarah Battaile Mayo, is the
wife of Thomas Henry Gaither, of Baltimore, only surviving son of
the late George R. Gaither. They have one son, Thomas Henry
Gaither, Jr., and one daughter, Georgiana Mayo, wife of Lawrence
Bailliere. They are residing in the historic "Peggy Stewart" house
in Annapolis.

Commodore Mayo descended from Joshua Mayo, of South River,
who, in 1707, married Hannah Learson. One son, Joseph, and four
daughters, were all baptized at "All Hallows." Joseph, through
his wife, Sarah Mayo, left Thomas and Joseph Mayo, Jr. ; Mrs. Sarah
Waters was a daughter.

Joseph Mayo, the second, through his wife, Henrietta, had
Henry, John, Isaac, Edward and James Mayo. Isaac Mayo and
Captain John Mayo and wife, were parishioners of "All Hallows" in
1845 when Isaac Mayo took the oath to "demean himself in the
office of vestryman thereof according to the best of my skill and
judgment and without Favor affection or Partiality."

Commodore Mayo held a historic tract, once the home estate
of Captain Nicholas Gassaway, upon the Neck of South River, now
known as "Mayo's Neck." This estate is now held by his daughter,
Mrs. Thomas Gaither.

The daughters of the early Mayos of South River, married into
the families of Jonathan Waters, John Ridgely, John Wilmott and
Francis Linthicum.

HENRY WINTER DAVIS, THE WAR CONGRESSMAN.

Hon. Henry Winter Davis, the war Congressman, was the son
of Rev. Henry Lym Davis, Rector of St. Anne's Church and at the
same time President of St. John's College. Young Davis was born in
Annapolis in 1817. His mother was Jane Winter Davis, a lady of
intellectual attainments and elegance of person. Her sister was
Henry Winter Davis' first teacher.

Graduating from Kenyon College, Ohio, in 1837 and taking a
law course in the University of Virginia, Mr. Davis began practice in
Alexandria, Virginia. There he married Constance Gardiner, of
Virginia. He came to Baltimore in 1850, and soon became a leader
of the new Know-Nothing party. Upon the outbreak of the war he
represented the Union party, becoming its Congressional delegate.

324 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

His chaste, fervid diction always attracted attention. His
eloquence and power as an orator soon brought him to the front.
Always, when speaking, in full dress, with kid gloves, handsome in
person, dignified in manner, he became the shining light of his party.
Although dealing in controversial subjects, his addresses showed
considerable literary ability.

He married in Baltimore, for the second time, Nancy, daughter
of John B. Morris.

He died at the close of the war, in the full vigor of his manhood
and fame, December 30, 1865.

C. IRVING DITTY.

C. Irving Ditty, born at West River in 1838, was the son of George
T. Ditty, of Virginia, and Harriet, daughter of Benjamin Winterson.
His only sister became Mrs. Jacob W. Bird. His father was a
descendant of Sir Jeremiah Jacob, one of Lord Baltimore's immi-
grants.

C. Irving Ditty entered Dickinson College in 1854 and graduated
in 1857. He entered the Confederate service with Colonel Ridgely
Brown, and rose to Captain, and when the war was ended at Appo-
mattox, his company refused to surrender, but cut through the ranks,
and when attacked checked the charge. This was the last firing of
of the war.

Mr. Ditty married Sophia, daughter of Henry Swartze, sister of
Captain Swartze, of the same Confederate army. Irvington, a
suburb of Baltimore, takes its name from Mr. Ditty. He entered
into the reform movement of 1875, which ended in his joining the
Republican party. He was sent to Louisiana to review the Presiden-
tial count of that State and reported that both parties were about
equally guilty, but the evidences were in favor of Hayes.

Mr. Ditty died in Baltimore in early manhood.

Dr. MARIUS DUVALL,

Dr. Marius Duvall, Medical Director United States Navy, was
born in Annapolis in 1818. He is the son of Lewis and Sarah
(Harwood) Duvall, and was the youngest of eleven children. His
grandmother was Miss Callahan, from the North of Ireland. His
father represented Annapolis in the State Legislature for ten years.
His name is among the students of St. John's College.

Dr. Duvall married a sister of Professor Lockwood. After
filling many important stations, he was transferred to the Naval
Hospital at Annapolis.

HON. MICHAEL BANNON.

Hon. Michael Bannon, was born in the County Tyrone, Ireland,
in 1827. His grandfather was an officer in the Rebel Army of 1798.

At eighteen years of age young Bannon set out for America.
His own account of his struggle is interesting. Reaching Baltimore,
in 1847, with a capital of ten cents, he expended it for his first night's

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 325

lodging. Having been well taught, he soon secured a position with
a relative to teach his children. With his savings he branched out
into other side speculations and succeeded in securing a college
education. After graduation he succeeded his friend who had helped
him. After teaching for a season he removed to Anne Arundel
County and there continued teaching near his home at Jessups.
Then studying law, he opened an office in Baltimore. In this last
venture he succeeded in building up a large business in real estate
exchanges. He built the Bannon Building.

Becoming next a political leader, he became State Senator and
Clerk of the County Court. After accumulating an estate of $100,000
he traveled extensively. His wife was Eveline Clark, of Anne
Arundel, who bore him eight children. Mr. James Bannon, of Anne
Arundel, his son, succeeds as a political leader.

DEACON ABBOTT,

Deacon Wilham M. Abbott, of the "Evening Capital," Annapolis,
in addition to being, a zealous member of the Democratic Editorial
Association, is an elder in the Presbyterian Church and a graduate
of the composing-room of the Baltimore "Sun." He was a compositor
" on the wait" in the "Sun" office on the night Abraham Lincoln was
assassinated, and after midnight "set up" the news of that lament-
able event in our national history. Deacon Abbott was born in
Trappe, Talbot County, Maryland, May 31, 1839, and was partly
educated there and partly in a private school in Baltimore City. He
has never held any public office. He was long in the employ of the
late George Colton, and onMay 12, 1884, started the "Evening Capital,"
which he has published daily, Sundays excepted, ever since. When
he began this work his editorial desk was a dry goods box and he
counted out the papers on a barrel head. Mr. Abbott has recently
bought the "Chronicle" of Annapolis, and has removed the "Evening
Capital" to the "Chronicle" office.

RILEY, THE HISTORIAN.

One of the most industrious members of the association, especi-
ally on historical lines, is Mr. Elihu S. Riley, former editor of the
Annapolis "Record." Living at the seat of the State Government,
where the public archives are kept and historical memories cluster
thickly about, Mr. Riley is thoroughly informed upon the legislation
and other matters pertaining to government. He was born
in Annapolis, May 2, 1845, and educated in the pubhc schools. He
is an attorney-at-law as well as an editor. He was City Counselor of
Annapolis from 1892 to 1895. He is widely known for various
writings on Maryland historical subjects. With Mr. Conway W.
Sams, Mr. Riley compiled a history of Bench and Bar of Maryland.
He has lately published a history of the Maryland Assembly.

Captain Hugh Riley, his son, of the Annapohs Mihtia, has once
represented the county in the Legislature. He is now counsel for. the
City government.

326 Founders op Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

A MASTER OF ARTS.

Another editor of Annapolis who was an active member of the
Democratic Editors' Association was also a lawyer and the School
Examiner of Anne Arundel, and a very efficient school man at that.
He was Mr. F. Eugene Wathen, of the "Maryland Republican." He was
born in Leonardtown, St. Mary's County, June 29, 1860, He gradu-
ated from St. John's College in 1880 and received his degree of master
of arts in 1889. He was president of the Board of Supervisors of
Elections for Anne Arundel County from 1892 to 1894 and resigned
to become School Examiner in January, 1895.

During the Republican reign Mr. Wathen had hard work to keep
at the head of the public schools of his county, but by pluck and skill
and ability, the master of arts did it.

W. MEADE HOLLIDAY,

Another Annapolis editor who is a member of the Democratic
Editors' Association is Mr. W. Meade Holladay, publisher of the "Anne
Arundel Advertiser." He is a bright political writer; never held any
public office and never a candidate until his recent appointment of
Supervisor of Elections by Governor Warfield in the place of Mr.
Revel, resigned.

He was born in Spottsylvania County, Virginia, March 24, 1869,
and was educated in the public schools of Fredericksburg, Virginia.
He came to Maryland in 1888 and has ever since resided in Annapolis,
where the associations are congenial.

INTERESTING DOCUMENTS.

After the repairs to the Courthouse, some five or six j^ears ago,
many valuable old papers and records belonging to the Circuit Court
and County were put into the cellar of the Courthouse without order
and, in many cases, Avithout care whatever. The County Commis-
sioners appointed Major William H. Gassaway, late of Annap-
olis, to rearrange and preserve the most valuable of these docu-
ments. In his work Major Gassaway found many curious bits of
local history, amongst them returns of the currency and silver
belonging to the citizens of Anne Arundel County. That for 1780
shows that of the R's, Mr. Absalom Ridgel}^, an Annapolis merchant,
had the most currency in hand, that sum being £2,156 12s. 6d.
Returns of the Elk Ridge tobacco warehouses of colonial period have
come to light, and, amongst other curiosities, the venire of the juries
of 1775. Habitues of the Courthouse have been busy picking out
ancestors in this old list that is replete with the Anne Arundel names
of to-day. The venire is: Abraham Woodward, Thomas Wilson,
Stephen Gambrill, Joseph Meeke, Richard Sappington, Gilbert Yeald-
hall, Samuel Warfield, Thomas Warfield (son of Joshua), Amos
Gaither, Richard Beard, Henry Hall, John Burgess, Edward Lee,
Robert Paine Davis, Robert Welch, Richard Watkins, Samuel
Watkins, Thomas Noble Stockett, Charles Hammond (son of John) ,

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 327

Charles Dorsey (son of Henry), Rezin Mobberly, Nicholas Aldridge,
Joshua Marriott, John Barnes (son of Adam), Vachel Warfield (son
of Samuel) , John Dorsey (son of Michael) , John Dorsey (son of Severn
John), Thomas Cornelius Howard, James Walker, William Ridgely,
Jr., William Fennell, John Rolls, Ezekiel Steuart, Zachariah Gray,
Joshua Cromwell, John Scrivener, Thomas Miles, Benjamin Brashears,
William Evans, James Cooley, Gabriel Lane, Wilkinson , Brashears,
Thomas Lane.

MR. JAMES MUNROE.

Upon the highest point of West street, Annapolis, lives the
genial attorney, Mr. James Munroe. He has been requested to give
me a history of his family, but has, perhaps, forgotten it. In the
absence of it, his present life is a history in itself. Broad and lib-
eral in his political views, correct and somewhat exacting in his legal
work, Mr. Munroe exerts a living influence in the community of an
interesting old city.

At present he is a member of the Board of Visitors for the
Agricultural College. He holds no other official position, but his
legal practice is large and he is by all men held in the highest esteem.

His present home is the beautiful one of the late Judge Tuck.

MR. ROBERT MOSS.

Coming down from one of the first settlers of Anne Arundel,
located on the North Severn Neck, Mr. Moss is exerting considerable
influence in Anne Arundel. He was graduated from the Agricul-
tural College; was a member of the Senate of Maryland. He has
been, for several sessions, the reading clerk of the Senate and also an
attorney for the City government of Annapolis. He is now a member
of the Board of Visitors of St. John's College. He is liberal in his
views and endorses progressive movements in public institutions.

OWENS.

This family was represented by Richard Owens, who was seated
in the southern section of the county, when Edward Lloyd, in 1649,
was given a grant near him. Mr. James Owens, the popular attorney
of Annapolis, and Dr. Owens, Registrar of the Maryland Agricul-
tural College, are descendants. My sketch of this family was left
with Mr. James Owens for revision, but it has not yet reached me.
Mr. Owens is not only an interesting talker, but a forcible political
writer and speaker who has made himself felt in several recent
campaigns. May he continue to guide us.

DR. GEORGE WELLS.

As a successful physician and popular leader in political affairs
of the County of Anne Arundel, Dr. Wells has long been at the head
of the progressive men of the State. He comes from eminent ancestry.
His father was Hon. George Wells, former President of the Farmers'

328 Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties.

Bank of Annapolis, President of the Senate and the chief head of the
AnnapoHs and Elk Ridge Railroad in its earlier struggle for existence.
Hon. George Wells was a warden of St. Anne's Church when the
furnace which caused its destruction was put into it. He remon-
strated against and declined to aid in rebuilding the present edifice,
but after it had been completed, with its belfry in which there was
no bell, a thousand-dollar bell was soon at hand, the gift of the
good-hearted warden, who kept his vow, yet showed his generous
spirit. (Riley.) ■*"■

As President of the Annapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad he made
it a success. In 1863 the road paid the State $14,286.72, nearly
five per cent, on the investment. Upon his retirement, Mr. Joshua
Brown, the builder and superintendent of the road, succeeded to the
presidency.

At a special meeting, in 1865, Hon. George Wells was elected
State Senator. He was twice married, first, to a sister of Hon. John
Stephens Seliman, of the "Nineteen Electors." The mother of Dr.
George Wells was Eliza Harwood, cousin of Major Harwood.

Dr. Wells is third in line of his family in Maryland. His grand-
father, George Wells, came direct from England. In 1833 he was
one of the first trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church which
stood near the present record office on State House Hill. His asso-
ciates of that Board were Absalom Ridgely, Joseph Evans and John
Miller. In 1834 Mr. George Wells and Nicholas Brewer were
delegates to the State Legislature.

Dr. George Wells, the present popular Clerk of the Court, was
in 1869 chosen upon the issue of the Fifteenth Amendment a Demo-
cratic Alderman for Annapolis. He was elected to the House of
Delegates in 1872 and to the Senate of Maryland in 1880-82. He was
chairman of the committee upon the appropriation for the Agricul-
tural College in 1880, in which he made a favorable report of the
institution, securing its continued appropriation. In 1887 Dr. Wells
was unanimously elected Treasurer of the County. He came into
the office of Clerk in 1896 and has held it ever since.

Courteous and prompt in all official duties, he is a popular leader
in the Democratic party, an able speaker, and almost idolized by
those who know him best.

Dr. Wells holds one of the old historic dwellings of Annapolis,
in the southern section of the city, just opposite the old homestead
of the first editor of the "Maryland Gazette." He was a delegate to
the convention that nominated Grover Cleveland in 1884, and was a
member of the State Convention which sent delegates to the St. Louis
Convention which nominated Bryan and was again present at the
nomination of Judge Parker.

Dr. Wells is still a bachelor. Dr. John D. Wells, United States
Army, was an uncle.

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 329

DR. WIRT ADAM DUVALL.

Dr. Wirt Adam Duvall, of Baltimore, was born in Anne Arundel
County, 1863. He is the son of Judge Grafton and Mary Rebecca
(Sullivan) Duvall, descendants of the Huguenot Mareen Duvall and
of the English Sullivans. Of the former we had Judge Gabriel Duvall,
of the Supreme Bench of United States, and of the latter, revolu-
tionary soldiers of renown. Judge Grafton Duvall sat as Chief Judge
of the Orphans Court for a number of years. He likes to spell his
name with two " I's" and says he claims no relation to those who drop
one of them, but all, alike, come from Mareen Duvall, the Huguenot
merchant, who owned an immense estate, including "Great Marsh,"
and handed down a large and distinguished family of large land-
holders, prominent in official positions.

Dr. Wirt A. Duvall completed his general education at St. John's
College in 1885 and was graduated from the Medical Department
of the Maryland University in 1888. He is Demonstrator of
Anatomy in the University and a member of its associations.

He married a daughter of Captain William Mitchell, of Baltimore,
and has several children.

"^1 DR. JAMES DAVIDSON IGLEHART.

Dr. James Davidson Iglehart, of Anne Arundel, born 1850, now
a resident of Baltimore, is the son of the late John Wilson Iglehart
and Mathda Davidson, his wife. The Igleharts came from Germany
and located near Marlborough, Prince George County, in 1740.
James Davidson came to Pennsylvania from England in 1775 and
enlisted in the Pennsylvania regiment of the patriot army, was trans-
ferred to the Maryland Line under General Smallwood and served
throughout the war, becoming, also, in 1812, one of the "Old
Defenders" of the Battle at North Point. He settled at Davidson-
ville, Anne Arundel County, dying in 1841. John Wilson Iglehart
was born 1814, and at twenty-one years was appointed magistrate,
serving also as County Commissioner and Judge of the Orphans Court.
He owned an extensive plantation in Anne Arundel, dying in 1881.
His son, James Davidson Iglehart, took his B. A. degree at St. John's
College in 1872. He studied medicine under Dr. Wilham P. Bird,
of Anne Arundel, and was graduated from the University of Penn-
sylvaina in 1875. He was appointed by John W. Garrett as one of
the surgical staff of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. He was an
organizer of the Baltimore and Ohio Relief Department and is a
member of the Board of Managers of the House of Refuge, member
of the Sons of the American Revolution and of the Historical Society
of Maryland.

He married Monterey, daughter of Colonel Wilham Watson, who
commanded the Baltimore Blues in the Mexican war and was killed
at the battle of Monterey. Husband and wife are prominent in
colonial orders. He is a member of Colonial Wars and War of 1812.

A GLANCE AT ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY OLD AND NEW.

From "One Hundred Years Ago" I quote a charming review of a
century ago:

" Judging the people of Annapohs by their houses, they were of
refined and cultivated tastes. Externally without architectural
pretension, but within beautifully proportioned rooms, with doors
of solid mahogany and sometimes with handles of silver, with many
elegant mantel-pieces and stairways — these evidences may still be
seen. The dining-rooms, the largest of all, usually open into gardens,
beautiful and well kept. After dinner a stroll under the shade of
trees or a view of the river till tea served under the trees, was the
summer order of the day.

" There still remain in some of the old families pieces of silver of
very elegant design. In Dr. Ridout's family I have seen an exquisite
piece which was used as an ornament for the centre of the table;
also old Dresden china worthy to have graced the collection of Queen
Mary at Hampton Court. In the matter of coaches the love of
display cropped out and seems to have been unrestrained. The
coaches were imported from England, with the horses and liveries.
I have heard that some of the panels on which the escutcheons were
emblazoned are still preserved as relics of a gorgeous past. Dr.
Ridout once told me that his father remembered when six coaches-
and-six were kept in the town, and it was not the style for grandees
to appear with less than four.

"With the surrounding country abounding in game and the
waters of the Chesapeake with oysters, ducks and terrapin, it was
not difficult to maintain a bountiful hospitality. The lovely Severn
River, the high banks of which remind one of a miniature Hudson,
widens a few miles from town into a beautiful sheet of water called
Round Bay, where lovely scenery, as well as abimdance of fish
invited the angler to indulge his favorite pastime. On the other side
of the town the "Spa" winds past fine old mansions with terraced
gardens, among them "Carrollton," the seat of Charles Carroll, and
in front of the city the Severn loses itself in the blue waters of the
Chesapeake.

"Everything, therefore, combined to make boating and sailing
attractive. The gentlemen kept their sailboats as the ladies did
their coaches, and many pleasant excursions were made to the
country-seats of friends on the Eastern Shore and in St. Mary's."

At the beginning of this new century we are either tearing down
or else trying to preserve the priceless relics of historic Annapolis.
At the same time both the city and the State are rivaling each other
in remodeling streets and buildings. Even the United States
Government has at last recognized the charming advantages of this
ancient city of the Severn. With three such combined influences

Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties. 331

centering at our State Capital, with a delightful climate, a most
charming location, midway between two great cities, the future of
Annapolis can even now be pictured.

Where Colonel Edward Dorsey, in 1705, sold a row of houses on
" Bloomsbury Square," because " for want or tenants they were going